Analytical Philosophy of History

A. J. Ayer accept actions analysis argument Aristotle Battle of Hastings Beard behaviour Caesar causal causes claim concept conceptual evidence concerned connection contrast course criteria deductive describe distinction entail Ernest Nagel example experience explanandum falsify future happened Hempel hence historians historical explanation historical sentences individual human instance Karl Popper kind knowledge language logically matter meaning merely Methodological Individualism Methodological Individualist narrative sentences necessary condition notion objects occur P. F. Strawson past events past-referring perhaps philosophy of history Philosophy of Science piece planting roses position possible precisely prediction premisses present presupposes problem project verb propositions question R-ing reference regard Rondanini Pietà scepticism scientific sense significant narrative social individuals someone sort speak story substantive philosophy suppose sure temporally neutral tensed sentence theory thesis things Thirty Years War Thucydides time-true tion true or false truth verify witness