Socialism and Populism in Chile: The Origins of the Leftward Movement of the Chilean Electorate, 1931-1933

agriculture Alessandri Arturo Arturo Alessandri Palma Bandera Roja Boizard Bonilla and Glazer Bravo campaign candidates Carlos Carlos Keller caudillo Charlín Chile Santiago Chilean Chilean politics chileno coalition Communists comunas Congreso Nacional congressional COSACH crisis Dávila defensa democracia Democrats depression economic El Mercurio election electoral elites employees Eugenio Matte FOCH foreign Gonzalez Gumucio Hidalgo Historia Ibanez ideological industrial Jobet Jorge June junio junta La Opinión labor Lafertte leadership Left leftist lower classes Luis Marxist Masons masses Matte Melfi Mercurio middle and lower middle classes middle sectors military mining Montero movement October 29 Opinión organizations Parliamentary Republic participation Partido Socialista party's percentage Popular Front populist presidential provinces Radicals Recabarren Recuerdos reform reformist Rodríguez rural Sáez Salas September Sinopsis social groups socialism and populism socialismo Socialist Party Socialist Republic Sotta traditional parties Union Club upper classes urban Valparaíso Vicuña Vicuña Fuentes voters Wilfredo Mayorga workers Zanartu