Elements of Scientific Agriculture; Or, The Connection Between Science and the Art of Practical Farming ...Judd, 1850 - 208 páginas |
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absorbed abundant acre alumina ammonia analysis animal applied becomes bones burning bushels butter carbonic acid carbonic acid gas casein cent CHAPTER cheese chemical Chlorine clay combustion common composition constitute contains cultivated decompose dissolved drains easily effect farmer fattening feeding fertile gluten grain grass green crops guano gypsum heap heat hydrogen important indian corn inorganic substances iron kind land large quantity leaves limestone liquid magnesia manganese manure marls mentioned milk mixed muriatic acid nearly necessary nitric acid nitrogen obtained organic bodies organic food organic matter oxide oxygen pastures phosphates phosphoric acid plants plaster ploughing pores portion potash and soda potatoes present produce properties proportion quicklime reason rich rocks roots salt SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURE SECTION silica small quantity smell soil soluble starch straw sugar sulphuric acid supply surface tion turnips usually valuable various vegetable wheat woody fibre
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Página 141 - Starch, as has been previously explained, consists of carbon and water, or carbon united with hydrogen and oxygen, in the proportions to form water. This is brought into the lungs by the blood after digestion, and there, or afterward in the blood, undergoes what may be considered a species of combustion. b. The carbon of the starch unites with oxygen, and forms carbonic acid. This accounts for the increased quantity which, as will be remembered, is found in the air after it has passed through the...
Página 68 - I always mean here covered drains), the water which falls upon the ground does not remain to stagnate, and does not run away over the surface washing off the best of the soil, but sinks gradually down, yielding to the roots of plants any fertilizing matter which it may contain, and often washing out some hurtful substances; as it descends, air and consequently warmth follow it Under these new influences the proper decompositions and preparation of compounds fit for the sustenance of plants go on,...
Página 86 - Suppose the farmer to have a soil which requires, as almost all soils do, the application of manure to render it fertile. He adds a good coating of manure, and then takes a crop of Indian corn or wheat : this crop will carry away the largest part of the phosphates that were added in the manure; in most cases a second crop of the same kind would not therefore be so good, and a third still less. There yet remains, however, from the manure, considerable quantities of other substances, which the grain...
Página 169 - ... rancid and offensive. When packed in firkins, it will be rancid next their sides and tops, and be injured to a greater or less depth, as the air may have obtained access. Salting will partially overcome the tendency to spoil, but not entirely, unless the butter is made so salt as to be hardly eatable. Another reason for much of the poor butter, which is unfortunately too common, is to be found in the impure quality of the salt used. This should not contain any magnesia or lime, as both injure...
Página 73 - Third, as to the direction in which the drains should run. The old fashion was to carry them around the slopes, so as to cut off the springs; but it is now found most efficacious to run them straight down, at regular distances apart, according to the abundance of water and the nature of the soil. From 20 to 50 feet between them, would probably be the limits for most cases. It is sometimes necessary to make a little cross drain, to carry away the water from some strong spring. In all ordinary cases,...
Página 169 - When packed in firkins, it will be rancid next to their sides and tops ; will be injured to a greater or less depth, as the air may have obtained access. Salting will partially overcome the tendency to spoil, but not entirely, unless the butter is made so salt as to be hardly eatable. Another reason for much of the poor butter, which is unfortunately too common, is to be found in the impure quality of the salt used. This should not contain any magnesia or lime, as both injure the butter ; they give...
Página 98 - After standing a day, another portion of acid may be poured on ; and finally the last on the third day, if they are not already dissolved. The mass should be often stirred. b. Another good way is to place the bones in a heap upon any convenient floor, and pour a portion of the acid upon them. After standing half a day, the heap should be thoroughly mixed, and a little more acid added ; this to be continued so long as necessary. It is a method which I have known to prove very successful. In either...
Página 71 - The portion of earth next the drain first dries; as it shrinks on drying, little cracks begin to radiate in every direction, and to spread until at last they have penetrated through the whole mass of soil that is within the influence of the drain, making it all, after a season...