radialibus 18-20, centralibus 5-7, quorum 3 inferiores elongati deflexi.

Santa Rosa, south of the Rio Grande. Stem 6-9 inches high; tubercles well marked; lower radial spines 5-7 lines long, much longer than the upper ones; lower central spines 1 - 2 inches long. Flower said to be red.

$ 2. Decalophi.

*Purpurei; floribus diurnis.

10. C. FENDLERI, E. in Pl. Fendl.: ovato-cylindricus; costis 912; areolis subconfertis ; aculeis basi bulbosis, radialibus 7 - 10 rectis seu curvatis albidis et fuscis, inferioribus robustioribus, centrali valido sursum curvato atrofusco plerumque elongato; floribus sub vertice lateralibus magnis; seminibus obliquis tuberculato-scrobiculatis.

New Mexico, from Santa Fé to below El Paso, and from east of the Pecos to Zuni: fl. in May and June. - Stems 3-8 inches high, not many from the same base; spines very variable, but always very bulbous at the base, and some of them white, some deep brown or black, and others party-colored; radial ones - 1 inch, and the central one 1-2 inches long. Flower 2-3 inches in diameter, of a deep purple color. Berry 1-1 inch long, edible. Seed deeply and irregularly pitted by the confluence of many of the tubercles, unusually oblique.

11.? C. MOJAVENSIS, E. & B. in P. R. R.: ovatus, dense cæspitosus, glaucescens, 10-12 costatus; areolis remotis; aculeis validis curvatis, radialibus 7-8, lateralibus robustioribus longioribus, centrali singulo sursum curvato elongato.

:

Var. B.? ZUNIENSIS 10-costatus; aculeis debilioribus 4-angulatis bulbosis rectis vel flexuosis, radialibus 8, summo longiore robustiore; centrali recto seu sursum curvato longiore, omnibus bulbosis.

On the Mojave River in California, and B. farther east, on the Colorado Chiquito. Ovate heads 2-3 inches high, forming dense cæspitose masses; upper and lower spines 9-15 lines, lateral ones 1525 lines long, central spine 1-2 inches long, dusky. Var. B. is distinguished by having the upper radial spine almost as stout and long as the central spine, the former being 12-18, the latter 18-24 lines long. Both seem to be distinguished from the nearly allied C. Fendleri by having the lowest spines weakest, while in that species they are the stoutest of the exterior ones. The resemblance to C. 36

VOL. III.

Fendleri induces me to place this species here, though the flower remains unknown.

12. C. ENNEACANTHUS, E. in Wisl. Rep. ovato-cylindricus, viridis, cæspitosus, 7 - 10 costatis; aculeis rectis, radialibus 7-12 (plerumque sub-8) albis, inferioribus longioribus; centrali singulo (rarius 2-3) basi bulboso teretiusculo seu compresso angulato albido vel stramineo; ovario pulvillis 25-35 aculeolos 6-12 gerentibus stipato; seminibus tuberculatis.

In the Rio Grande valley from El Paso to Laredo, and lower down, and far into Mexico: fl. April and May. A very caespitose plant, of a wrinkled or withered appearance; 3 – 6 inches high; spines above 3-5, below 8-16 lines long; lateral ones intermediate; central spine extremely variable, in smaller specimens terete, in very perfect ones elongated, flattened, 8 or 10-15 or 20 lines long. Flowers 2-3 inches long and equally wide: ovary and tube covered with numerous bunches of spines. Fruit about an inch long, edible.

13. C. STRAMINEUS, E. in B. C. R.: ovato-cylindricus, cæspitosoconglomeratus, 11-13-costatus, læte viridis; aculeis radialibus 7-10 rectis vel curvatis albis subæqualibus, centralibus 3-4 angulatis elongatis sæpe flexuosis; floribus magnis purpureis; ovario pulvillis 30 – 40 aculeolos subsingulos gerentibus stipato; bacca magna fasciculis aculeolorum elongatorum stipata; seminibus tuberculatis.

Mountain slopes, from El Paso to the Pecos and Gila Rivers: fl. June. Often from 100 to 200 heads in one hemispherical mass, each 5-9 inches high; radial spines mostly 8, -1, central ones 2-3 inches long, younger ones dirty yellow and brown, like old straw. Flower 3-4 inches long, very full, bright purple. Berry 1 -2 inches long, luscious.

14. C. DUBIUS, E. in B. C. R.: ovato-cylindricus, cæspitosus, pallide viridis, 7-9 costatus; aculeis radialibus 5-8 albidis, superioribus sæpe nullis, centralibus 1-4 angulatis plus minus elongatis sæpe curvatis ; floribus pallide purpureis; ovario pulvillis sub-20 aculeolos 1-2 gerentibus stipato; bacca minore aculeolata; seminibus tuberculato-scrobiculatis.

Sandy bottoms of the Rio Grande at El Paso: fl. May and June. Stems 5-8 inches high, somewhat caespitose, of a pale green color, and a soft flabby texture: ribs broad, fewer; radial spines 6 - 12 or 15 lines long; central spines 14-3 inches long, flowers 24 inches long, with fewer and narrower petals. Fruit 1-1 inches long, covered

with bunches of spines which, as in the last species, on the flower are indicated only by few and short bristles. Seed with tubercles confluent, and leaving pits between them. Nearly allied to the two last, but sufficiently well distinguished by the characters given.

15. C. ENGELMANNI, Parry in Sill. Journ. 1852: ovato-cylindricus, 11-13 costatus; aculeis radialibus sub-13 albidis, superioribus cæteris multo brevioribus, centralibus 4 longioribus angulatis rectis, 3 superioribus fulvis arrectis, inferiore longiore albido porrecto seu deflexo ; floribus lateralibus; seminibus tuberculato-scrobiculatis.

Var. B. CHRYSOCENTRUS, E. & B. in P. R. R.: aculeis radialibus 12-14 albidis, centralibus 3 superioribus validis vitellinis erectis, inferiore albo compresso deflexo.

Var. 7. VARIEGATUS, E. & B. 1. c. aculeis radialibus sub-13 albidis, centralibus 3 superioribus recurvatis divaricatis nigris corneo-variegatis, inferiore longiore albo decurvo.

Lower Gila, Colorado, and westward to the California mountains: fl. June and July. Stems 5-10 inches high; radial spines slender, 3-6 lines, central ones 1-2 inches long. Fruit near the top of the plant. — Dr. Bigelow collected a little farther north, on Bill Williams's Fork, the two forms which I have put under B. and y.; though they differ from the species by having the fruit lower down on the plant; the arrangement of the spines, however, is entirely identical. Var. ß. has very stout central spines, 2-3 inches long, of a deep goldenyellow color, and the lower one shorter. In var. y. the central spines are only 1-2 inches long, much curved, and the upper ones white and black mottled.

**Coccinei ; floribus diu noctuque apertis.

16. C. GONACANTHUS, E. & B. in P. R. R.: ovatus, subsimplex, 7-costatus; areolis remotis; aculeis robustis angulatis sæpe curvatis, radialibus 8 flavidis sæpe basi obscuris, summo cæteris multo majore centralem multangulatum validum sæpe flexuosum subæquante.

Near Zuni, in Western New Mexico, under cedars. — Radial spines 8-15 lines long, upper one and central spine 1-2 inches long, remarkably stout, angular and channelled. I have not seen the flower of this plant, but place it here from its resemblance to the next species; on the other hand, it seems to be allied to C. Mojavensis. 17. C. TRIGLOCHIDIATUS, E. in Wisl. Rep.: ovato-cylindricus, 6-7 costatus, parce ramosus; areolis remotis; aculeis 3-6 robustis an

gulatis compressis rectis seu curvatis laxe radiantibus; floris coccinei staminibus petala obtusa subæquantibus; stigmatibus 8-10.

Northern New Mexico, at Santa Fé, and to the east and westward : fl. June. Stems 4-6 inches high, 2-3 in diameter, with sharp ridges and very shallow grooves; spines 6-15 lines long. Flower 2-3 inches long; petals rigid. Fruit unknown.

18. C. PHOENICEUS, E. in P. R. R. (C. coccineus, E. in Wisl. Rep. non Salm.): ovatus seu subglobosus, obtusus, cæspitosus, 9-11-costatus; areolis ovato-orbiculatis subconfertis; aculeis setaceis rectis, radialibus 8-12 albidis, superioribus cæteris paullo brevioribus, centralibus 1-3 basi bulbosis teretibus paullo robustioribus; staminibus petalis brevioribus; stigmatibus 6-8.

Northern New Mexico, from the Upper Pecos to Santa Fé, Zuni, and the San Francisco mountains: fl. May and June. Heads 2-3 inches high, 2 inches thick, generally forming dense hemispherical masses, often of a foot or more in diameter; radial spines 3–6, central ones. 5 - 10 lines long. When there are several, the lowest one longest. Fruit unknown.

C. CONOIDEUS, E. & B. 1. c. : ovatus, versus apicem acutatus, conoideus, e basi parce ramosus 9-11 costatus; aculeis radialibus 10-12 gracilibus rigidis, summis brevioribus, centralium 3-5 infimo 4-angulato elongato demum deflexo.

Rocky places on the Upper Pecos, and perhaps San Francisco mountains. Heads 3-4 inches high, few, of unequal height from one base; upper radial spines 2-5 lines, lateral ones 6-15 lines long; upper central spines hardly longer than the lateral ones; lower one 1-3 inches long, angular and often compressed. The Mexican C. acifer, Otto, seems similar, but is a higher plant, with much stouter spines. C. Ræmeri, Muhlenpf. A. G. Z. 1848, from Western Texas, may belong here or to C. enneacanthus. A specimen among Dr. Bigelow's collections seems to unite this form with C. phaniceus, where for the present it is perhaps best to leave our plant, as a variety or sub-species.

19. C. POLYACANTHUS, E. in Wisl. Rep.: ovato-cylindricus, cæspitosus, subglaucescens, 9-13 costatus; aculeis robustis rigidis rectis albidis seu rubello-cinereis, centralibus 3-4 bulbosio paullo robustioribus æquilongis seu longioribus, junioribus sæpe fusco-variegatis ; stigmatibus 8.

Common about El Paso, and thence to the mountains of Chihuahua :

fl. March and April. Heads 5-10 inches high, 2-4 in diameter; upper radial spines, lateral and lower ones - 1 inch long; central spines hardly longer, or the lower sometimes 1-2 inches long. Flowers 2-3 inches long, profusely covering the plant for four or six weeks. Seed the largest of any Echinocerei known to me, 0.8 -0.9 of a line long.

20. C. REMERI, E. in Pl. Lindh. 1850: ovatus, cæspitosus, læte viridis; costis 7-9 tuberculatis interruptis; areolis orbiculatis, junioribus breviter tomentosis; aculeis teretibus robustis albidis seu junioribus flavidulis demum cinereis, radialibus sub-8, centrali singulo robustiore porrecto; floribus lateralibus infundibuliformibus limbo erectiusculo ; pulvillis ovarii tubique 16-18 albo-tomentosis aculeolos 3-5 gerentibus; sepalis interioribus 7-8 ovato-oblongis carinatis obtusis mucronatis; petalis 9-12 obovato-spathulatis obtusis integris concavis rigidis suberectis; stylo longe supra stamina albida sursum rosea exserto; stigmatibus 6 – 7 petala æquantibus erecto-patulis viridibus acutiusculis.

In the granitic region about the Llano River, Western Texas: f. May: fruit unknown. Often 5-12 from the same base, densely cæspitose; single heads 3-4 inches high, 2-2 in diameter; areola 6-8 lines apart; radial spines 5-12 lines long, upper ones usually a little shorter than the rest; central spine 10 – 15 lines long. Flower 2 inches long and only one in diameter, remaining open day and night for a whole week, if the weather is not too warm. - Allied to the last species; but distinct by the shorter heads, fewer ribs, fewer and paler spines, and smaller flower, with less numerous parts.

21.? C. PAUCISPINUS, E. in B. C. R.: ovato-cylindricus, parce ramosus vel simplex, 5-7-costatus; areolis remotis; aculeis robustis 3-6 radiantibus fuscatis, centrali nullo vel raro robusto subangulato.

Western Texas, from the San Pedro to the mouth of the Pecos. Stem 5 9 inches high, 2-3 in diameter; spines 9-16 lines long, dark-colored, the central one almost always wanting. Flower and fruit unknown.

22. ? C. HEXAEDRUS, E. & B. in P. R. R.: ovatus subsimplex, 6costatus; areolis remotis; aculeis rectis rigidis tenuibus angulatis, radialibus 5-7 flavo-rubellis, inferiore breviore, centrali paullo robustiore (juniore fuscato) sæpe deficiente.

Near Zuni, in Western New Mexico. Heads few in each plant, or single, 4-6 inches high, 2 - 24 inches in diameter. Radial spines