Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 148. Fr.! Lichenogr. p. 387. ICON, E. Bot. t. 2503.

Decaying wood in the New Hampshire mountains. The protruded "disk often as long as the capitulum itself, and in the latter case giving the pilidium a miniature resemblance to a painter's brush." Lich. Brit.

4. C. subtile, Pers., Fr. Cr. filmy, leprous, white-glaucescent; stipes filiform, flaccid, black; apoth. lentiform-globose, naked, black; the margin at length reflected. Fr.! Lichenogr. p. 388. C. debile, Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 151. Icon, E. Bot. t. 2462.

Decaying wood. Dead trees from which the bark has fallen in mountain forests; New England. Arctic America, Rich. Apothecia at first white-pruinose. Fr.

5. C. trichiale, Ach. Cr. of pale, squamulose, crenate granules; stipes commonly slender, elongated; apoth. turbinate, and, at length, from the swelling of the yellowish-brown disk, subglobose, white-cinereous beneath. Fr.! Lichenogr. p. 389. Schar.! Spicil. p. 5.

Rough bark of trees, as of hemlock; and on decaying wood; New England.

** Fuscescentia, Fr. Apothecia more or less ferrugineous.

6. C. phaomelanum, Tuckerm. Cr. of scattered, dissected squamules, green (and fuscescent); apoth. subsessile, ferrugineous-fuscous, at length black; the powdery, black disk at length surpassing the tumid, smooth margin.

Fir-bark in the New Hampshire mountains, common. I should most readily compare this with Trachylia tympanella, Fr., from which it differs in its slightly stipitate apothecia, &c. It is very unlike any European Calicium that I am acquainted with, but I think must be referable to the genus.

7. C. hyperellum, Wahl. Cr. somewhat tartareous, granulose, greenish-yelow; stipes elongated, thick, firm, dull brownish-black; apoth. lentiform, ferrugineous beneath; disk brownish-black. Fr.! Lichenogr. p. 389. Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 140. IcoN, E. Bot. t.

1832.

Decaying wood in the mountains of New England.

8. C. trachelinum, Ach. Cr. filmy, somewhat smooth, grayish; stipes elongated, slender, firm, ferrugineous-fuscous, becoming at

length black; apoth. turbinate-lentiform, rufous-ferrugineous beneath, at length, together with the disk, blackish. Fr.! Lichenogr. p. 390. C. sphærocephalum, Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 153.

Decaying wood, and on trunks; New England. New York, Halsey. The stipes sometimes branched in this, as in C. subtile, and other species.

9. C. melanophæum, Ach., Fr. Cr. granulate-conglomerate, milkwhite; stipes rather short, black; apoth. turbinate-globose, black and shining beneath, as is also the inflexed margin; disk pulverulent, ferrugineous-brown and nigrescent. Fr.! Lichenogr. p. 391. Sommerf. Lapp. p. 179.

Decaying wood in the New Hampshire mountains. The crust deficient in my specimens, but the apothecia appear to me like those of the Swedish Lichen. Sommerfelt remarks that he has gathered it but rarely, and is uncertain whether it is any thing else than a variety of the last, to which Fries also originally referred it.

10. C. brunneolum, Fr. Cr. very thin, smooth, whitish; stipes elongated, very slender, often branched, black; apoth. (small) turbinateglobose, dark-yellowish-ferrugineous; the disk of the same color, obliterating the margin of the exciple. Fr.! Lichenogr. p. 393. C. parietinum, Schar.! Spicil. p. 4.

Decaying wood in the mountainous districts of New England. *** Flavo-virescentia, Fr. Apothecia yellowish-pruinose.

11. C. chrysocephalum (Turn.), Ach. Cr. granulate-conglomerate, bright greenish-yellow; stipes slender, often elongated, black, with often a greenish tinge; apoth. turbinate-lentiform, yellow-pruinose; the disk light-brown. Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 143. E. Bot. t. 2301. Fr.! Lichenogr. p. 393.

Rough bark of hemlock and other trees, and on decaying wood; New England.

12. C. phaocephalum, Turn. & Borr. Cr. of discrete, crowded, at length squamulose and crenate, fuscescent granules; stipes slender, blackish-fuscous; apoth. turbinate-lentiform, greenish-yellow-pruinose; disk dark-fuscous. Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 145. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 394.ẞ; cr. less perfect. Fr. ! 1. c. C. roscidum, B. Schar. ! Tuckerm. Enum. Lich. N. Amer. p. 55. Icon, E. Bot. t. 1540. '

Decaying wood (8), Arctic America, Rich. (Herb. Hook. !).

SECT. II. Apothecia sessile; without crust; parasitical.

ing turbinate, sessile, free,

13. C. turbinatum, Pers. Parasitical; exciple from globose becomshining-black, the disk impressed, with a Fr. Lichenogr. p. 402. C. sessile, DC.

thickish, inflexed margin.

Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 128. ICON, E. Bot. t. 2520.

On the crust, and in the verrucæ of Pertusaria pertusa, Ach. New England. New York, Torrey. Pennsylvania, Muhl.

XXII. CONIOCYBE, Fr.

Apothecia stipitate, spherical, suberose, without margin, bursting at the apex and becoming at length entirely pulverulent, and concealing ⚫ the proper exciple. Thallus crustaceous.

C. nigricans, Fr. Crust very thin, leprous, white; stipes naked, from whitish becoming black; apothecia globose, naked, black. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 384.

Rough bark of hemlock and rock-maple; New England. It is with hesitation that I refer our plant to the European species, though it appears to agree with a specimen from Flotow. The genus is at once distinguishable from the other genera of the tribe, and several other species, as C. furfuracea, with yellow-pulverulent apothecia, and C. pallida, with pale, white-pruinose apothecia, not improbably occur with us.

Div. II. ANGIOCARPI, Schrad., Fr.

Tribe I. SPHÆROPHORACEÆ, Fr.

XXIII. SPHÆROPHORON, Pers.

Apothecia terminal, spherical, the thalline exciple at first closed, becoming at length lacerate-dehiscent. Nucleus globose, within cottonycartilagineous, without powdery with naked, black sporidia. Thallus vertical, fruticulose, crustaceous-cartilagineous without, solid within. 1. S. compressum, Ach. Thallus fruticulose, whitish, irregularly branched, compressed, fibrillose-ramulose; apothecia globose-depressed,

at length disciform, with a reflexed margin. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 404. Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 115. ICON, E. Bot. t. 114.

Rocks and on the earth in alpine districts. Canada, fertile, Herb. Hook.! Arctic America! Rich.

2. S. globiferum (L.), DC. Th. fruticulose, somewhat terete, with erectish, fibrillose-ramulose branches, chestnut; apoth. globose, with an inflexed margin. DC. Fl. Fr. Lichen globiferus, L. S. Coralloi des, Pers. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 405. Turn. & Borr. Lich. Brit. p. 110 (excl. ). Icon, E. Bot. t. 115.

On the earth in alpine and subalpine districts; and descending, northward. White Mountains, fertile. Eastport, Maine, Russell! Newfoundland, Pylaie. Arctic America, Hook. !

3. S. fragile, Pers. Th. densely cæspitose, fruticulose, dichotomously branched, somewhat cinereous; branches terete, fastigiate, naked; apoth. turbinate-globose, with an inflexed margin. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 405. Schar. ! Spicil. p. 7. ICON, E. Bot. t. 2474.

Alpine rocks. White Mountains, fertile. America, Hook. Rarely somewhat compressed.

Northward to Arctic

Tribe II. ENDOCARPACEE, Fr.

XXIV. ENDOCARPON, Hedw.

Apothecia included in the thallus, globose; a membranaceous, thin, pale thalline exciple inclosing a gelatinous, colored, deliquescent nucleus; ostioles somewhat prominent. Thallus horizontal, cartilagineous-foliaceous, subpeltate.

1. E. miniatum, Ach. Thallus cartilagineous-coriaceous, rigid, paleyellowish-fulvescent, becoming cinerascent and glaucous-pruinose; on the under side naked, at length somewhat rugose, fulvescent, at length black; ostioles somewhat prominent, fuscous-nigrescent. Fr. Lichenogr. p. 408.-B. complicatum, Schær.; cæspitose-polyphyllous; lobes ascendant, imbricate and complicate, cinereous; on the under side dark-fuscous. Schar.! Spicil. p. 59. Fr. l. c.

Rocks. New York, Halsey. Pennsylvania, Muhl. Arctic America, Rich.ẞ, near water, New England. New York, Halsey. Fries,

as well as Sprengel, refers E. glaucum, Ach. (North America, Ach.), to the variety a of the present species. I have not found this variety, but the next species is near to it.

2. E. Muhlenbergii, Ach. Th. cartilagineous-coriaceous, thick, from greenish-glaucous becoming fuscescent, very finely rugose and somewhat chinky; on the under side fuscous-black; ostioles convex. Ach. Syn. p. 101.

Rocks. North America, Ach. West Point, New York, Russell! (Cf. Ach. Syn. pp. 101, 103.)

3. E. fluviatile, DC. Th. cartilagineous-membranaceous, flaccid, lobed, green, becoming fuscescent when dry; lobes rounded, somewhat auriculate-lobulate, on the under side naked, reticulate-rugulose, palefuscous, becoming black; ostioles somewhat prominent, black. Fr.! Lichenogr. p. 409. E. miniatum, y. aquaticum, Scher.! Spicil. p. 60. E. Weberi, Ach.-B. fulvo-fuscum, Tuckerm. ; th. thick, subcoriaceous, submonophyllous, with auriculate-lobulate, somewhat inflexed margins, fuscous-fulvescent; on the under side reticulate-rugose, darkfulvous-fuscous becoming black; ostioles scarcely prominent, dark-reddish nigrescent.

Rocks (granite), suffused with water; New England. New York, Halsey. Newfoundland, Pylaie. -ß, alpine. Lake of the Clouds, White Mountains, at an elevation of five thousand feet. Fries remarks, in comparing the present species with E. miniatum, a, that monophyllous specimens of the former are always minute; but in these occur nearly as large as average specimens of the latter. The very brief indication given by Persoon (Act. Wetterav.) of his E. Americanum answers to our variety.

4. E. pusillum, Hedw. Th. cartilagineous, squamulose-foliaceous, smooth, brownish-olivaceous, pale on the under side, arising from a black, fibrillose hypothallus; ostioles black, somewhat prominent, pertuse. Fr. Lichenogr.. p. 411. E. Hedwigii, Ach., & E. lachneum & squamulosum, Ach. (e Fr.).

On the earth, and rocks, especially of the more recent formations. Pennsylvania, Muhl. New York, Halsey. Apparently wanting in the granite region of New England.

5. E. lætevirens, Turn. Th. thin, membranaceous, irregularly orbicular, somewhat concave, round-lobed, grass-green, margins very entire,