pardon to those who were proscribed for various crimes, (a numerous class in Naples,) on condition of their assisting in the war against the heretics. This brought to his standard a number of desperate characters; who, being acquainted with the recesses of the woods, tracked out the fugitives, the greater part of whom were slaughtered by the soldiers, while the remainder took refuge in the caverns of the rocks, where many of them died of hunger. Pretending to be displeased with the severity of military execution, the Inquisitors retired to some distance, and cited the inhabitants of La Guardia to appear before them. No sooner had they complied, than seventy of them were seized, and conducted in chains to Montalto. There they were questioned by order of one of the Inquisitors, with a view to induce them not only to renounce their faith, but to accuse themselves and their brethren of having committed odious crimes in their religious assemblies. To wring such a confession from him, Stefano Carlino was tortured till his bowels gushed out. Another, named Verminel, having promised, in the extremity of pain, to go to mass, the Inquisitor flattered himself that, by increasing the violence of the torture, he could extort a confession of the charge which he was so anxious to fasten on the Protestants. though the exhausted sufferer was kept eight hours on an instrument of torture, he persisted in denying the atrocious calumny. A person of the name of Marzone was stripped naked, beaten with iron rods, dragged through the streets, and then felled with the blows of torches. One of his sons, a boy, having resisted the attempts made to convert him to Popery, was conveyed to the top of a tower, from which they threatened to precipitate him, unless he would embrace a crucifix. He refused; and the Inquisitor, in a rage, ordered him to be instantly thrown down.

But

Bernardino Conte, on his way to the stake, threw away a crucifix, which the executioner had forced

into his hands; upon which Panza, the Inquisitor, remanded him to prison, until a more dreadful mode of punishment should be devised. He was conveyed to Cosenza, where his body was covered with pitch, in which he was burnt to death before the people. The manner in which females were treated by this brutal Inquisitor, is too shocking to be related. He put sixty women to the torture; the greater part of whom died in prison, in consequence of their wounds remaining undressed. On his return to Naples, he delivered a great many Protestants to the secular arm at St. Agata, where he inspired the inhabitants with the greatest terror; for if any one came forward to intercede for the prisoners, he was immediately put to the torture, as a favourer of heresy.

Horrible as these facts are, they fall short of the barbarity with which the same people were treated at Montalto, in 1560, under the government of the Marquis di Buccianici. The Pope, it appears, had promised a Cardinal's hat to the Marquis's brother, provided the province of Calabria was cleared of heresy; and the Marquis was intent on securing this mark of Papal favour. The following letter, which was published in Italy, along with other narratives of the transaction, was written by a Papist, a servant to Ascanio Caraccioli, and an eyewitness of the scene:-

"MOST ILLUSTRIOUS SIR,-Having written you, from time to time, what has been done here in the affair of heresy, I have now to inform you of the dreadful justice which began to be executed on these Lutherans early this morning; and, to tell you the truth, I can compare it to nothing but the slaughter of so many sheep. They were all shut up in one house, as in a sheep-fold. The executioner went; and, bringing out one of them, covered his face with a napkin; then led him out to a field near the house, and, causing him to kneel down, cut his throat with a knife: then taking off the bloody napkin, he went and brought out another, whom he put

In

to death after the same manner. this way the whole number, amounting to eighty-eight men, were but chered. I leave you to figure to yourself the lamentable spectacle; for I can scarcely refrain from tears while I write; nor was there any person who, after witnessing the execution of one, could stand to look on a second. The meekness and patience with which they went to martyrdom and death were incredible. Some of them, at their death, professed themselves of the same faith with us; but the greater part died in their cursed obstinacy. All the old men met their death with cheerfulness; but the young exhibited symptoms of fear. I shudder while I think of the executioner, with the bloody knife in his teeth, the dripping napkin in his hand, and his arms besmeared with gore, going to the house, and taking out one after another, just as a butcher does the sheep which he means to kill. According to orders, waggons are already come to carry away the dead bodies, which are appointed to be quartered, and hung up on the public roads, from one end of Calabria to the other. Unless the Pope and the Viceroy of Naples command the Marquis di Buccianici, the Governor of this province, to stay his hand, and leave off, he will put others to the torture, and multiply the executions, until he has destroyed the whole. Even to-day a decree has passed, that one hundred grown-up women shall be questioned, and afterwards executed. This is all that I have to say of this act of justice. I shall presently hear accounts of what was said by these obstinate people, as they were led to execution. Some have testified such obstinacy and stubbornness, as to refuse to look on a crucifix, or to confess to a Priest; and they are to be burnt alive. The heretics taken in Calabria amount to sixteen hundred, all of whom are condemned; but only eighty-eight have as yet been put to death. This people came originally from the valley of Angrogna, near Savoy. Four other places in the kingdom of Naples are inhabited by the same race; but I

do not know that they behave ill; for they are a simple, unlettered people, entirely occupied with the spade and the plough; and, I am told, show themselves sufficiently religious at the hour of death."

To this may be added the following summary account of these atrocities, given by Tommaso Costo, a Neapolitan historian of that age, and a Romanist :-" Some had their throats

66

cut, others were sawn through the middle, and others thrown from the top of a high cliff; all were cruelly, but deservedly, put to death. It was strange to hear of their obstinacy; for while the father saw his son put to death, and the son his father, they not only gave no symptoms of grief, but said, joyfully, that they would be angels of God; so much had the devil, to whom they had given themselves up as a prey, deceived them."

By the time that the persecutors were glutted with blood, it was not difficult to dispose of the prisoners who remained. The men were sent to the Spanish galleys; the women and children were sold for slaves; and, with the exception of a few who renounced their faith, the whole colony was exterminated. Well may the race of the Waldenses take up the language of the ancient church, and say, " Many a time have they afflicted me from my youth!"

Paul III. threw many of the Protestants into the prisons of Rome; they were brought forth to execution by his successor, Julius III.; and Paul IV. followed in the same bloody track. Under the latter Pope, the Inquisition spread alarm everywhere; and Princes and Princesses, Priests, Friars, Bishops, and Cardinals, yea, and even Inquisitors themselves, fell under the suspicion of heresy. Such were the fanaticism and the jealousy of this Pontiff, that, when on his death-bed, he sent for some of the Cardinals, and, with his latest breath, recommended the Inquisition to their support. Irritated by his violent proceedings, and by the extortion and rapine with which they were accompanied, the inhabitants of Rome, as soon as

the tidings of his death transpired, rose in a tumultuous way; and, having liberated all the prisoners in the Inquisition, burned the house down to the ground, broke down the statue which Paul had erected for himself, and, dragging the broken pieces with ropes through the streets, threw them into the Tiber.

In place of the house demolished in the tumult, Pius IV. appropriated to the Inquisition another house beyond the Tiber, which had belonged to one of the Cardinals; and added cells for the reception of prisoners. This was called the Lutheran Prison, and is said to have been built on the site of the ancient Circus of Nero, in which so many Christians were delivered to the wild beasts.

Pompeio di Monti, a Neapolitan nobleman, was seized by the familiars of the Inquisition as he was crossing one of the bridges on horseback, and lodged in the Lutheran Prison. The next year he was sentenced to be burnt alive; but, in consideration of the sum of seven thousand crowns being advanced by his friends, he was strangled first, and his body afterwards committed to the flames.

Pius V., who had for a considerable time been President of the Inquisition, being elevated to the Papal chair in 1566, a hot persecution followed at Rome, and in the states of the Church. It raged with great violence at Bologna, where persons of all ranks were promiscuously subjected to imprisonment, tortures, and death. Three persons were burnt alive in that city; and two brothers of the noble family of Ercolani were seized on suspicion of heresy, and sent bound to Rome. Many of the German students in the University were imprisoned, or

obliged to fly. The following description of the state of affairs, in 1568, is given by Thobias Eglinus, who was then residing on the borders of Italy :-" At Rome some are every day burnt, hanged, or beheaded; all the prisons and places of confinement are filled, and they are obliged to build new ones. That large city cannot furnish jails for the numbers of pious persons who are continually apprehended. A distinguished person, named Carnesecchi, formerly Ambassador to the Duke of Tuscany, has been committed to the flames. Two persons, of still greater distinction, Baron Bernardo di Angole, and Count à Petiliano, are in prison. After long resistance, they were induced to recant, on a promise that they should be set at liberty. But what was the consequence? The one was condemned to pay a fine of eighty thousand crowns, and to suffer perpetual imprisonment; the other, to pay one thousand crowns, and be confined for life in the convent of the Jesuits. Thus have they, by a dishonourable defection, purchased death."

a life worse than

:

Delineation of Roman Catholicism, drawn from the authentic and acknowledged Standards of the Church of Rome; namely, her Creeds, Catechisms, Decisions of Councils, Papal Bulls, Roman Catholic Writers, the Records of History, &c. in which the peculiar Doctrines, Morals, Government, and Usages of the Church of Rome are stated, treated at large, and confuted. By the Rev. Charles Elliott, D. D. Imperial 8vo. Part XI. Pp. 64. Mason. We are glad to observe, that this excellent work, as it advances towards completion, loses none of its importance and value. This portion is entirely occupied with a continuation of the article on "the Supremacy of the Pope," in which that dogma is fairly stated, and most satisfactorily confuted. We are happy to learn, that a copious index is in course of preparation, to accompany the twelfth and last Part of the volume. This will be of immense importance, as it will tend to render the work more useful as a book of reference, to those who may be called to defend Protestantism against the unscriptural and soul-destroying doctrines of the Papacy.

pp. 24.

Nescience versus Prescience. A poetical Review of “An Inquiry into the popular Notion of an unoriginated, infinite, and eternal Prescience." With illustrative Notes, and an Appendix. By Anti-Empiricus. 12mo. Mason. Our anonymous author says, that he regards the book reviewed as "the most amusing specimen of philosophical empiricism with which he is acquainted;" and that he has endeavoured, with the assistance of rhyme, to set its absurdities in a striking and instructive light, and so to render it useful as an example of the eccentricities of human opinion, and as a warning against the abuse of reason, and the affectation of philosophy. We think that in this enterprise he has been successful.

A Sketch of the Life and Christian

Character of the late Mrs. Mary Cryer, Wife of the Rev. Thomas Cryer, Wesleyan Missionary in India, A Discourse delivered in Oxford-Place Chapel, Leeds. By George Browne Macdonald. 12mo. pp. 72. Mason. We have perused this Sketch with feelings of deep interest, and hope it will meet with an extensive circulation among all classes of the religious world. The extracts from her private journals and letters, which are inserted in the account before us, possess a beauty and an interest we have seldom seen, and which leads us to express a desire, in which many of our readers will cordially join, that a memoir of this excellent woman may, as speedily as possible, be prepared from those ample and valuable materials, which Mr. Macdonald informs us are in the possession of her friends. We think such a publication would add to the value of that series of female Missionary biography, with which Wesleyan Methodism has already enriched the church.

Parental Duty urged and explained: or, An earnest Address to Parents, on training up their Children. By the Rev. John Brown. 18mo. pp. 72. Mason. We congratulate the religious world on the appearance of this excel lent tract, considering its publication timely, and likely to do great good. After all which has been said and done on the subject of education, it is high time that parents should be induced to ponder more carefully than ever the awful responsibility which devolves upon themselves, in the right training of their offspring. Mr. Brown's unpretending but valuable treatise will afford both direction and profit.

Madras, Mysore, and the South of India: or, a Personal Narrative of a Mission to those Countries, from 1820 to 1828. By Elijah Hoole. Second Edition. With Engravings on Wood, by Baxter. 12mo. pp. xlviii, 443. Longmans, Mason.-We cordially con