TABLE 118.-Per cent of employees within each age group, by sex and general nativity and race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[This table includes only races with 80 or more persons reporting. The totals, however, are for all races.]

This table shows data for 7,134 persons, of whom 18.2 per cent are from 14 to 19 years of age; 24.2 per cent from 20 to 24 years of age; 16.3 per cent from 25 to 29 years of age; 11.5 per cent from 30 to 34; 18.1 per cent from 35 to 44; 9 per cent from 45 to 54, and 2.7 per cent are 55 years of age or over. It will be noted that there is no remarkable difference in the proportions of the native-born of native father and the native-born of foreign father and foreign-born in the various age groups.

All of the foreign-born races report a comparatively large proportion who are between 14 and 19 years of age excepting the Germans and Lithuanians, of whom very few are of that age. Each race, excepting the Germans and Magyars, shows between 20 and 30 per cent who are 20 to 24 years of age, also the greatest proportion of every race, excepting Germans and Magyars, are reported to be under 30 years of age. Over 20 per cent of Magyars, Germans, Russians, Hebrews other than Russian, and Lithuanians, and 19.1 per cent of Russian Hebrews, and about 15 per cent of Poles and North and South Italians are between 35 and 44 years of age. The greatest proportion of Germans are shown to be 45 years of age or over, and 22.4 per cent of that race are 55 years of age or over. Only small proportions of the other races are found in this last mentioned age group; in fact, less than 5 per cent of any race. It is seen that a much greater proportion of females are from 14 to 19 and from 20 to 24 years of age than is recorded for the males, but in each other age group the males show a larger proportion than the females. This general observation holds good as to all races, there being a decidedly greater proportion of the females of each race, excepting the Germans, under 25 years of age.

CHAPTER VI.

GENERAL PROGRESS AND ASSIMILATION.

Citizenship-Ability to speak English-[Text Tables 119 to 123 and General Tables 67 to 69].

CITIZENSHIP.

The extent to which the employees of foreign birth in New York City are becoming citizens is considered in the tables next presented. The table first submitted shows by race of individual the present political condition of foreign-born male employees who have been in the United States five years or over, who were 21 years of age at time of arrival.

TABLE 119.-Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who have been in the United States 5 years or over and who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming, by race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States.]

Of 1,243 males reporting in this table, 20.7 per cent are fully naturalized and 20 per cent have first papers. Of the Germans 88.4 per cent are fully naturalized and 9.3 per cent have declared their intention of becoming citizens by taking out first papers; each other race shows a decidedly smaller proportion fully naturalized, but larger

numbers holding first papers. Next to the Germans in percentage of citizenship come the Hebrews other than Russian, 35.2 per cent of whom are fully naturalized, while 20.8 per cent have taken out their first papers. Next come the Russian Hebrews with only 16.2 per cent fully naturalized, but with 26.9 per cent who have first papers. The two Italian race groups show about 7 per cent fully naturalized, and about 14 per cent having first papers only, the North Italians making the slightly better showing of the two, but reporting in very much smaller numbers.

The following table shows, by years in the United States and race, the present political condition of foreign-born male employees who were 21 years of age or over at the time of coming to the United States:

TABLE 120.—Present political condition of foreign-born male employees who were 21 years of age or over at time of coming to the United States, by years in the United States and

race.

(STUDY OF EMPLOYEES.)

[By years in the United States is meant years since first arrival in the United States. This table includes only races with 100 or more males reporting. The total, however, is for all foreign-born.]

Of 1,243 males who have been in the United States five years or over, 20.7 per cent are naturalized and 20 per cent have first papers only. Of those who have been in the United States from five to nine years, only 5.1 per cent are fully naturalized, whereas of those here ten years or over, 35.5 per cent are citizens. The difference is not so marked in the case of persons holding first papers only, those in the United States from five to nine years having 22.4 per cent so reported as against 17.8 per cent for those who have been here over ten years. The Hebrews other than Russian evince the greatest inclination for citizenship, having 10.1 per cent fully naturalized among those in the United States between five and ten years, and 49.1 per cent fully naturalized among those who have been here ten years or more.

ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH.

The proportion of foreign-born employees of non-English-speaking races who were able to speak English is shown according to sex and

race.