three miles to the west of Aberaeron, in this county, and about half a mile from the shore, is a piece of foul ground, called Eglwys y rhin, or the Church on the hill side. At the end of Sarn Badrig, just before mentioned, are sixteen large stones, one of which is four yards in diameter. There, also, roots of trees in their natural situation, to be seen in the sea, in this cantref; and as the ocean still gains on the coast of Merionethshire, in that beautiful valley called Dyffryn Ardudwy, it is probable all that low ground will undergo the same fate in the process of time, by the almost constant westerly winds, which blow the sea upon that coast, and cover it with sands. On the coast of Merionethshire, between Aberdyfi and Towyn, is a turbary, regularly covered every tide by sand thrown over by the sea. When it is low water the people scrape off the sand and dig turf from it.Ibid (pp. 72, 73, 74).

The sea sand in several parts on the coast of this county (Pembroke) having been formerly washed away at different times by a long continuance of stormy weather, discovered very large trees, some of which, having been felled, lay at full length, while the trunks of others stood upright in the place where they grew. The trees lay so thick, and in such numbers, that the shore for a considerable space appeared like a forest cut down. On these trees were as plainly the marks of the axe as if they had been but just felled; but the wood was become hard and black as ebony. Hence it appears that great part of the coast of this county was anciently a forest, upon which the sea broke in, and at length covered it with sand. Description of England and Wales.

Among the papers of the late Theophilus Jones, of Brecon, Esq., a very celebrated Welsh herald, the following curious pedigree was found: Gwyddno Garanhir, prince of Cantref Gwaelod, on that part of Cardiganshire and North Wales which was swallowed up by an inundation of the sea during his reign, about the year 520. His descendants are Llwyd, of Towyn, Merionydd; Pugh, of Mathafarn; Perkins, of Pilston, Monmouthshire; Pryce, of Gunley, Monmouthshire, and Pant y Perchill; Evans and Davids, of Newtown, Carmarthenshire, and Parry, of Noyadd, Tyglyn, Blaenplant and Cilgeran Forest, in Cardiganshire and Pembrokeshire. History as well as tradition agree in stating that Cantref Gwaelod (in English, the hundred towns on the level or flats), of which my ancestor Gwyddno Garanhir (in English, Gwyddno with the long crown) was the king or reigning prince, reached all the way to the Irish coast, that it was only a small river divided them, till it was inundated. I have often heard it said that the Earl of Farnham, and the member for Cavanshire, who write their names with a B, instead of a P, viz., Barry, instead of Parry, have the same blood running in their veins by the maternal sides, being descended from prince Gwyddno. The Marquis of Sligo, and other noblemen in Ireland, are relations by the father's side, having emigrated from Green Castle, near Carmarthen, possessed by the Browns, a very ancient family, now extinct. Bingley says that Gwyddno Garanhir was brother of Maelgwyn Gwynedd.

Tremadoc.

ALLTUD EIFION.

(Will be concluded next month.)

CELTIC AND WELSH TOPOGRAPHY.-I note for the benefit of your readers Professor Craik's statement in his Outlines of the History of the English Language (ninth edition), that "whatever differences of opinion may still exist upon subordinate points, there is now no dissent from the general conclusion that the oldest topographical nomenclature everywhere in Britain is Celtic. Kent, for instance, is a Celtic name, and Thames is a Celtic name. Mr. Garnett (Proceedings of the Philological Society, I., 119) further holds the topographical nomenclature of France, and that of ancient South Britain, to belong to the same form of the Celtic, namely, the Cambrian or Welsh, and he conceives that to be the earliest and least corrupted form now subsisting Mr. Garnett's supposition of the most ancient topographical names being all Welsh is inconsistent with a theory which was first put forward by the learned Edward Lhuyd in the Preface to the Welsh part of his Archeologia Britannica (folio, Oxford, 1707). Lhuyd argues from the names of rivers and mountains throughout

both Wales and the rest of South Britain that a Celtic people, of the Irish or Gaelic branch, must have preceded the Welsh in the occupation of the country; and that these Gwydhelians, as he calls them, had been forced by the Welsh to retire, for the greater part, to the North and to Ireland.”

Bangor.

STUDENT.

QUERIES.

WELSH SUNDAY SCHOOLS.-Who first established Sunday Schools in Wales? I think that the Nonconformists claim "Charles o'r Bala" as the pioneer, while Churchmen claim for the Rev. Griffith Jones, Llanddowror, that honour. Will any reader of the Red Dragon throw light on the subject?

Crom Nedd.

DEWI AP DAVYDD.

THOMAS JONES, OF LLANBOTHIAN.-Could any reader give me information respecting Thomas Jones, of Llankothian, in Merionethshire? By marriage with Miss Cupper he became master of Llantisilio Hall, Denbighshire, and died in 1820. He was succeeded by Major Harrison; and the Hall has been since successively occupied by Messrs. E. Wynne, C. F. Beyer, and H. B. Robertson. London.

R.F.

A WHALE IN THE SEVERN.-A few weeks since the carcase of a huge whale was thrown up on the Severn bank not far from this town. Shortly afterwards a Board of Trade officer ran down from London and claimed it on behalf of the Crown. I would thank any reader of the Red Dragon to tell me on what authority this official did so.

Chepstow.

NATURALIST.

THE OLD WELSH JUDGES.-Is there any record of the Justices of the Great Sessions of Wales (commonly called "Welsh Judges,") whose courts were merged by Act of Parliament in the Commissions of Oyer and Terminer and General Gaol Delivery for England and Wales in 1830?

Brecon.

W. R. WILLIAMS.

THE FIRST PRINCE OF WALES.-In an article by "Morien " on Prince Edward of Wales, apropos of the twenty-first birthday of Prince Albert Victor, recently published, the writer states that

"All authorities agree that the first English Prince of Wales was born at Caernarvon Castle. It is striking to witness how much time his father "and mother spent in Wales. This prolonged residence of the Monarch and "his Royal Consort at Rhuddlan Castle and elsewhere indicates that 'Little "Wales' in those days was a formidable rival of great England; for it was "its power, and not its romantic scenery, which drew thither the king." Is this correct? I thought all the authorities agreed with the late Mr. J. R. Green, in saying that the Queen was hurried up from London to Carnarvon expressly to fulfil the King's diplomatic purpose, and that she narrowly escaped giving birth to the Prince on the way.

Builth.

HISTORICUS.

A CARDIFF PUBLISHER OF SCOTT'S POETRY.-In a second-hand catalogue issued last month by Mr. Jonathan Nield, 3A, Old Town Street, Plymouth, I find lot 450 marked

"SCOTT's (Sir W.) Poetical Works, Complete in one volume, with all "his Introductions and Notes, royal 8vo. cloth, 68.

I should be gladdened by particulars of the publisher.

Radnor.

"Cardiff, 1848."

BOOKWORM.

THE WALTERS OF THE TIMES.-I am told upon most excellent authority that the founders of the Times newspaper were Welshmen. Particulars from readers of the National Magazine would oblige.

Llandudno.

D.T.M.

PARTICULARS OF BOOK WANTED. Not much (if any) short of forty years, a twenty-four volume appeared, entitled Mary de Clifford; or a Tour in South Wales; by Madeline Jones. This was supposed to be the production of a wellknown character residing at the time at Llanelly. Can any of the readers of the Red Dragon furnish me with further particulars respecting this scurrilous little volume.

Brecon.

COLLECTOR.

THE NATIONALITY OF GENERAL ROBERTS.-I have heard that General Sir Frederick Roberts, the heroic soldier who gained such golden opinions during the march to Candahar, is a Welshman. Is this correct?

Cwmnedd.

DEWI AP DAVYDD.

REPLIES.

THE ANCIENT BRITISH CHURCH (vii.-86, 187).—In addition to the work by Rev. J. Pryce, on the "Ancient British Church," mentioned by your correspondent, "L. C. H.," there is a useful summary, published by the Religious Tract Society, entitled The Ancient British Church, by Rev. W. Lindsay Alexander, D.D. İt is bound up with another short essay on Iona, by the same author.

Proprietary College, Cardiff.

E. J. NEWELL, M.A.

[D. W. R." (Swansea) is thanked for a similar reply.-Ed. R.D.]

THE WELSH AT BANNOCKBURN (vii.-182).—A reference given in Tytler's History of Scotland (vol. i., p. 121) may help your Edinburgh correspondent, "A Blue Bell of Scotland." It is to pp. 266, 267 of Barbour, what edition is not stated. Tytler himself names the commander-in-chief of the Welsh contingent. It was Sir Maurice Berklay, whose troops are described as "a large body," the greater part of whom were "slain or taken prisoners before they reached England."

Cardiff.

BLACK LETTER FOLIO.

ALLEGED ERROR IN DR. MORGAN'S TRANSLATION OF THE BIBLE (vii.—84, 183). While thanking "Carnhuanawe's Ghost" for his interesting observations upon my note on this subject, will you allow me to ask him his reason for supposing that I did not know “Bishop Morgan's edition of the Bible was not published till 1538"? If he will turn again to what I said he will find I have imported none of my own knowledge, nor ventured any opinion with regard to Warton's statement. The assertion, therefore, that I ought to have known this, that, or the other thing, I believe to be slightly gratuitous and unnecessary.

Cardiff.

BLACK LETTER FOLIO.

HUMECILLUS (Red Dragon vii., p. 192).—Cogitating over this word in Davies's Dictionary, and after trying to refer it to several roots such as bu and hu, but all to no purpose, I betook myself to Richards, of Coychurch's Dictionary, which is based on Davies's. I tried to think of a possible error in spelling, but could touch upon nothing satisfactory. In Richards I found Hemicillus, and here is a clue which may lead to a satisfactory etymology. In Andrews' Lexicon I found Hemicillus explained as "half an ass, as a term of reproach (Cic. Att. 13, 51, 1)," and in Liddell and Scott I found that killos means an ass, and hemi of course means half. So far seemed satisfactory. And now for Buwl. Having got rid of my root bu-ox, I started on the new scent, half an ass, and here we have a male in English, and in Welsh malyn, but better still, in Glamorganshire muwlyn, and as a term of reproach yr hen "fuwlyn" dwl seems to give exactly what we want. Furl is a mutation of Buwl. Pronounce as one syllable, not Bu-wl, but Buwl, like mule. I hope this will help our venerable friend.

Aberdare.

T. C. U.

The word Humecillus, which has puzzled the Rev. D. Silvan Evans, is a misprint; it should have been Hemicillus. In Thomas Jones' Dictionary of Welsh and English, printed at Shrewsbury, by Stafford Pryse, 1777, I find the words “Burl mâl ieuange, a young mule." In his preface Jones says, "I have taken great care to give the same meaning of the Welsh in English as Dr. Davies has given in Latin," and is misled by the Latin termination. He translates Hemecillus as múl ieuangc, whereas the word is borrowed from the Greek yvíkiλλos, half an ass; Kiλλos, an ass, is a Doric word. A friend of mine from "Sir Ferionydd," when speaking Welsh, would persist in calling a Drake Bailast. (we in Sir Morganwg say Mailast), and perhaps he would call a Mule, Puwl. Pontypridd

H. KIRKHOUSE.

SHARON TURNER'S "VINDICATION (vii.-182).—Babour is clearly a misprint for Barbour, as your Cardiff correspondent "Merlin" has surmised. The work referred to by Sharon Turner" is The Bruce; or the History of Robert I., King of Scotland. Written in Scottish verse, by John Barbour. The first genuine edition, published from a MS. dated 1489; with Notes and a Glossary, by J. Pinkerton, London, 1790, 12mo., three volumes. Possibly "Merlin" may remember the delightfully satiric reference in Waverley to the Baron of Bradwardine's reading: "As for literature, he read the classic poets to be sure, and the Epithalamium of Georgius Buchanan, and Arthur Johnstone's Psalms, of a Sunday; and the Delicia Poetarum Scotorum, and Sir David Lindsay's works, and Barbour's Bruce, and Blind Harry's Wallace, and the Gentle Shepherd, and the Cherry and the Slae.

Cardiff.

BLACK LETTER FOLIO.

SIR THOMAS PHILLIPS, F.S.A. (vii.-182).-This gentleman was eminent locally perhaps, more than generally, if we are to confine ourselves to a strict definition of the term. He was a coal owner, and a Parliamentary barrister of

some standing. He was Mayor of Newport at the time of the Chartist riots, and was knighted for having faced the mob and read the Riot Act when other magistrates were afraid to do so.

Newport.

MENEVIENSIS.

CARLYLE AND LLANDOUGH CASTLE (vii.--$6, 185).-Readers of the Red Dragon ought to be thankful to Mr. Daniel Owen for his admirably exhaustive reply hereon in the last issue of the National Magazine. If Mr. Owen will pardon me, however, I think "the Squire Something," inquired after by your Bath correspondent, "Lady Someone," was not Mr. Phillip Sheppard, as Mr. Owen suggests, but Colonel Morgan, who occupied Llandough Castle previous to Bishop Coplestone. A reference to Mr. Harris's excellent paper on “Wales as Carlyle saw it Forty Years Ago" (Red Dragon, vol. vi., p. 522), will make this clear. Mr. Harris's extract from Carlyle's letter runs : "An old Squire Something lives in Llandough Castle, close at hand, a little behind the village. Poor fellow! The grave of his old wife is the newest in Llandough churchyard, and he sits solitary, R. says, and scolds his servants, being a proud man.' This, I gather from Mr. Harris, was written July 13th, 1843. According to the copy certificate of "Burials in the Parish of Llandough, in the County of Glamorgan, in the year 1843," which Mr. Owen had the admirable forethought to send you, I find that Susannah Maria Morgan, Llandough Castle, was buried May 13th, 1843. Carlyle's visit, it will be noted, took place in the following July, when Mrs. Colonel Morgan was just two months dead, and the grief of the bereaved husband being fresh, Carlyle's description of him would exactly apply. Colonel Morgan, it will be seen from the same certificate, followed his wife to her long home three months after Carlyle had left the neighbourhood, and was thus inseparably re-united to her whose loss he never ceased to mourn. There are here the elements of a touching little story, of which the evidence, as I think I have now shown, conclusively points to Colonel Morgan as the central figure.

Llangollen.

SEPTIMUS.

THE FIRST IMPORTER OF TOBACCO (vii-185).-The name of the gentleman mentioned by Pennant, who, with Captain Wm. Myddelton and Captain Thomas Price, of Plasyollin, first brought tobacco to England, ought to be Captain Koet, not Troet, as printed.

Wrexham.

GWENYNEN GWYNEDD.

BRONWEN, DAUGHTER OF LLYR (vii.- 182).—The Princess Bronwen, daughter of Llyr (King Lear), and aunt to the great Caractacus, lived about the beginning of the second century. The statement that "she lived about the beginning of the seventh century' was an inadvertence either of the present writer or the printer, to which "Doubtful" has done well to call attention.

Wrexham.

GWENYNEN GWYNEDD.

[After consulting our fair correspondent's "copy," we had no alternative but to exonerate our printer.-Ed. R.D.]

ADMIRAL MATHEW (vii.-183).--I cannot give "Q.E.D." the name of the bard who wrote the lines he refers to, but I may say we did not claim for our distinguished