"I use, to clarify, say 100 pounds of sugar, the whites of five or six eggs well beaten, about one quart of new milk, and a spoonful of saleratus, all well mixed with the syrup before it is scalding hot. I then make a moderate fire directly under the caldron, until the scum is all raised, then skim it off clean, taking care not to let it boil so as to rise in the kettle before I have done skimming it; I then sugar it off, leaving it so damp that it will drain a little. I let it remain in the kettle until it is well granulated. I then put it into boxes made smallest at the bottom, that will hold from 50 to D 70 pounds, having a thin piece of board fitted in two or

T. Tub for feeding.

three inches above the bottom, which is bored full of small holes to let the molasses drain through, which I keep drawn off by a tap through the bottom. I put on the top of the sugar in the box a clean damp cloth, and over that a board well fitted in so as to exclude the air from the sugar. After it has done, or nearly done draining, I dissolve it and sugar it off again, going through with the same process in clarifying and draining as before.”

MAKING BUTTER IN WINTER.

OUR Correspondent, "G. C. M." of Greenfield, Mass., after alluding to the difficulty often experienced in making butter in cold weather, gives the method pursued by his family, as follows:- When the milk is strained, it is put upon the stove and heated to near or quite scalding heat, and then set away for the cream to rise. After

Sheet iron covers may be used to advantage for shut-sufficient cream is gathered for a churning, it is placed ting out cold air.

where it will be kept warm a sufficient time for it to

To manufacture on a large scale, use another pan, or sour, (usually about 24 hours,) when it is subjected to

increase the width.

MESSRS. GAYLORD & TUCKER :—I write you at this time, to communicate to you a plan (figs. 12 and 13,) for boiling sap for sugar, which we have used and find to be a very great convenience and improvement on the common mode of boiling. The advantages are: 1st. It saves a large amount of fuel; 2nd, hemlock, or other soft wood, if cut in season to dry, is as good as any; 3d, the manner of admitting air causes a more complete and rapid combustion with any kind of fuel; 4th, the neatness of it in guarding the boiler from smoke, soot, coals and ashes; and last, that a person can tend it without being burned and smoked almost to death. I have a shed built over this furnace, which forms a safe and cheap place of storage for the tubs, during the year.

I am sure that if this plan was generally adopted, or some other as good, it would greatly increase the amount of home manufactured sugar, and save much to the people of the northern states, by making the manufacture of it a pleasure instead of an irksome task. Royalton, Vt., March 30, 1843.

AN OBSERVER.

MANUFACTURE OF MAPLE SUGAR.

THE maple sugar exhibited by Mr. JOEL WOODWORTH of Jefferson county, and which received the first premium of the State Ag. Society, at Rochester, was far superior to any thing we had before seen, being nearly equal in whiteness, purity, and grain, to the best refined loaf sugar. The following is the statement furnished by Mr. W., of the manner of making and clarifying this superior sugar:

the process of churning, which rarely occupies more than 20 or 30 minutes. Previous to our pursuing this method, it often required from two to three and sometimes four hours to accomplish the same result."

In this way, we doubt not, as fine yellow butter may be made in winter as in summer. Mr. MERRIFIELD, a farmer of this county, by whom we are supplied with butter of the finest quality, lets the milk stand twelve hours, when it is removed to the stove, and scalded over a slow fire to near boiling heat. The pans are then removed to the cellar to cool. By this method he finds no difficulty in making good butter in winter.

TO MAKE BISCUIT OR ROLLS.

MESSRS. EDITORS-I would be glad to acquaint yourselves and the readers of the Cultivator, with the following receipt (not generally known, I believe,) for the making of good and wholesome biscuit or rolls. It has been in use for a length of time with some of my friends, and is their usual method of making bread in the above mentioned forms. Should any fail on the first or second trial of the experiment, they may be assured of a defect in some of the materials employed, or a want of strict compliance with the terms of the receipt, which are as follows:

Put two tea spoonsful of cream tartar finely pulverized, into one quart of dry flour, then dissolve three fourths of a tea spoonful of sup. carb. of soda into warm new milk, sufficient when mingled with the flour, to make the paste of the ordinary consistence for soft biscuit; then mix and bake in the form of rolls or biscuits, for about twenty minutes. These directions, if strictly followed, will render the bread extremely light and of a superior whiteness and flavor. East Avon, N. Y. Dec. 19.

"NEST EGGS.”

H. L. Y.

In the first place, I make my buckets, tubs and kettles all perfectly clean; I boil the sap in a potash kettle, set in an arch in such a manner that the edge of the kettle is defended all around from the fire; I boil through the day, taking care not to have any thing in the kettle that will give color to the sap, and to keep it well skimmed. At night I leave fire enough under the kettle to boil the sap nearly or quite to syrup by the next morn-eggs" as follows:-" Take eggs and make holes in the ing; I then take it out of the kettle and strain it through a flannel cloth into a tub, if it is sweet enough; if not, I put it into a caldron kettle, (which I have hung on a pole in such a manner that I can swing it on and off the fire at pleasure,) and boil it till it is sweet enough, and then strain it into the tub and let it stand till the next morning; I then take it and the syrup in the kettle and put all together into the caldron and sugar it off.

"G. C. M." informs us that he manufactures "nest large ends about one-fourth of an inch in diameter, and in the small end make them the size of a pin; by blowing, force out their contents. Then take calcined gypsum and Spanish white, about equal parts; mix them with water to the consistency of stiff paste, and fill the shells quite full with it, and place them in a warm place to dry. When dry, the substance will be quite hard. If the hens chance to break the shells of such eggs as

these, there still remains good formed ones, and those bor, I gave it a strong dose of lobelia, and got him on of better consistency than chalk."

TO COOK A BULLOCK'S HEART. Wash it well and dry it thoroughly; then prepare the seasoning, made with crumbs of bread, thyme and parsley, or any meat herbs, and an onion chopped fine, with a little suet and some pepper and salt, all mixed together and put into the heart, the opening of which is to be sewn up so as to prevent the stuffing from getting out. Bake it, and while it is cooking, rub it occasionally with lard, to prevent the skin from becoming too hard. -[Condensed from an article on cottage economy and cookery, in the Journal of the Royal Ag. Soc.]

BACON AND CABBAGE.

This is a very common dish in this country, particularly in the south and west. The articles are commonly put into the pots separately, but the Journal above referred to, says "it will be found a great improvement, if instead of that, a hole be cut in the head of the cabbage, and a quarter or half a pound of fat bacon is thrust into it as a plug. The head of the cabbage should then be tied over so as to confine the leaves, and the cabbage boiled in a napkin, to prevent all escape of fat, which will thus be imparted to the vegetable, and reader it so much more mellow and savory, that any housewife who tries it will never dress it in any other

бау.”

TRIPE AND SOUSE.

TRIPE, after being scoured, should be soaked in salt and water seven or eight days-changing the water every other day-then boil it tender, which will take eight or ten hours. It is then fit for broiling, frying, or pickling. It is pickled in the same manner as souse. Mrs. Ellis's Housekeeping Made Easy.

SorsE.-Take pigs' ears and feet, clean them thoroughly, then soak them in salt and water for several days. Boil them tender and split them-they are then good fried. If you wish to souse them when cold, turn boiling vinegar on them, spiced with pepper-corns and mace. Cloves improve the taste, but turns them a dark color. Add a little salt. They will keep good pickled five or six weeks. Fry them in lard.-Ib.

Veterinary Department.

BLACK LEG IN CALVES.

his legs and made him exercise much against his will,
and within one hour he began to eat hay and got well
immediately.
G. S. P.

Randolph, Vt. Nov. 1, 1843.

BLIND TEETH IN HORSES.

REFERRING to an article on this subject, in the Dec. No. of the Cultivator, Mr. L. PHYSICK of Maryland, in a letter to us, says:

"I observe that you are desirous to obtain all the information you can collect about "blind teeth" in horses. This was a matter entirely new to me till last summer, when one of my horses had nearly lost the use of his sight; which I attributed to over work, he being of a restless disposition when at work. Some time after the predisposition to blindness was discovered, (the sight of one eye being almost, if not entirely gone,) he was sent to the blacksmith to be shod. The smith told the boy, that if a certain tooth, pointing it out to the boy, was not extracted, the horse would soon be entirely blind; and without my assent, took a hammer and a piece of bar iron, as described by the boy-rather barThe boy said barous pulling and knocked it out. that there was no evidence of pain experienced by the horse, and that the tooth dropped out with the first stroke of the hammer. Whether this was the cause of blindness or not, I cannot say; but the horse very shortly afterward recovered his sight, which since then continues good."

REMEDY FOR BARREN SOWS.

WE here give another extract from the letter of Col. BONNER, alluded to in another part of this paper:

"While writing, I have thought it not amiss to give you the favorable results of an experiment of mine upon a fine Berkshire sow, purchased last fall of Mr. C. N. Bement, near your city. She was over two years old when I bought her, and although she ran regularly with his boars she had never produced a litter of pigs, or had even been in pig, to his knowledge. With a full knowledge of these facts, I purchased her. On the first of November last, I found her in season for the boar, and turned her in the pen to one of mine; he served her repeatedly for two days. In about twenty days I found her again in season for the boar, and was persuaded by many friends that she was too fat to breed. I put her again to the boar, and turned her out in the woods without any food, to reduce her. She continued to reduce daily, and got quite poor, but was in season for the boar every eighteen to twenty-one days, and was as regularly served by different boars, until about the 10th of June. I then concluded to half spay her; or, in other words, to take out one of her ovaries, or prides, as we Georgians call them. I did so by making or cutting an incision in her right side, and took from her as large a pride as I ever saw. In the latter part of July thereafter, I discovered her again in heat for the boar, and turned her into a pen to my imported boar, Ontario, and I am pleased to tell, that she not only proved in pig, but that on the 13th inst., she produced me six fine pigs-five sows, and one boar pig. I would further remark, that she had on previous occasions been served by Ontario, and that her condition as to flesh, &c., was about the same it had been for several months, and the treatment precisely the same. It is the first and only instance of the kind I ever heard of, and thinking it possible that some of your many readers might have a sow similarly constituted, concluded to give you the above fact."

MESSRS. EDITORS-Having seen a number of articles in your excellent paper concerning a disease called the black leg, (which is so formidable an enemy to the rearing of calves,) and knowing that any light on the subject would be very acceptable, I feel in duty bound to give you what has come to my knowledge, and what liule I have seen concerning this disease, the remedy, Ac. This disease generally attacks the fattest and best; therefore it is hardly for the interest of the farmer to keep his young cattle in very high order. It has proved fatal in every case in my knowledge with one exception. We have met with some loss every year since my remembrance, in this neighborhood, from this disease, and some years to quite an extent. We have generally practiced bleeding in the fall as a preventive during winter, and for a few years I believed we had a sure remedy. I practiced it four or five years, and never lost any in the time, except those that by mistake or for some reason, were not bled; but in the winters of 1841-2, I undertook to winter thirteen calves, all of which had been thoroughly bled; and before We know of several instances where great disappointspring, five of them died of the black leg; they were ment and loss has been caused by the failure of sows to kept in a small yard, and not permitted to run out any, breed. Although, so far as we know, his remedy is and were housed nights, and kept in good order; I perfectly novel, it is based on strict physiological printhought it owing in part to their close confinement and ciples. Excessive ardor, or frequently repeated sexual being in good flesh, and last winter I let my calves have connection, is usually a hindrance to impregnation, and more chance for exercise, obliging them to go eighty the removal of an ovary, by lessening the first, had a rods for their drink; but notwithstanding, about the direct tendency to produce the result desired. It is more middle of the winter I discovered that one of the best than possible that the reduction of flesh might have been had every symptom of the above disease, and I counted also useful, as the pressure of fat usually closes the Falhim as good as dead; but at the suggestion of a neigh-||lopian tubes and effectually prevents impregnation.

Now erecting for DR. JOHN A. LOCKWOOD, U. S. N., near New-Castle, Del., looking from the Northwest.

MESSRS. GAYLORD & TUCKER-I herewith send you the plans of a Cottage Residence now erecting near New Castle, Delaware, for Dr. JOHN A. LOCKWOOD, U. S. N. The building is of brick; to be stuccoed and colored in imitation of stone. The whole area under the principal building is cellar room. The building is 28 by 32 feet, and the wing 16 by 19 feet. On the east side looking toward the Delaware, is a veranda the whole length of house, (32 feet,) and on the west, or entrance front, a porch 8 by 10 feet. The floors of veranda and porch are of stone. River Front.

Chamber Floor.-(Fig. b.)

The contracts are all made, and the building is now in progress of erection, the cost being a trifle over $2,000.

My intention has been to design a cottage that should be economical in its cost, and yet of a character that would harmonize with that beautiful rural district-its undulating bosom, its ancient and luxuriating thorn hedges, with an occasional "brave old oak," or verdant grove of fruit or forest trees, and the whole skirted on the east and south by the broad waters of the Delaware. I trust I shall not be chargeable with the crime of having done any thing to mar the fair face of that beautiful landscape. Yours with esteem, Newburgh, Sept. 23, 1843. T. M. NIVEN.

TOBACCO CULTURE-INFORMATION WANTED.

WE shall be glad to receive a reply to the following inquiries, from some one familiar with the cultivation of Tobacco:

EDITORS OF THE CULTIVATOR-Will you, or some of your southern correspondents, give through your valuable paper, some information relative to the culture of Tobacco, in the latitude of New-York. What kind of soil-time of planting-manner of curing-value in market, and where can seed be procured? Yonkers, Dec. 1, 1843.

H. S.

By referring to plan of principal floor, it will be seen that the casement windows, opening upon veranda from without, have the appearance of double windows, whereas nothing but single casement windows are seen. This was done for two reasons; first, that the river front THE U. S. Senate has a superb Brussels carpet made in might present an open and inviting appearance, (the real Germantown, near Philadelphia, of superior texture and and false windows all having venetian blinds,) and se- rich colors. Scarlet ground with yellow stars. The new condly, that the real windows might be in their proper President's room has another splendid carpet made in places in reference to the Drawing and Dining Rooms. Thompsontown. An extensive manufactory of Brussels The same device is resorted to in the Library, (C.) carpeting and rugs is carried on in the Sing Sing prison. while a real double window is seen in the end of the By a measurement lately made by one skilled in curiDrawing room, (A.) This must answer as a cheap sub-osities, it is found that the silk worm's thread is so fine stitute for a bay window, which would have been desi- that one drachm of it will extend a distance of one hunrable on some accounts. Many would also prefer fold-dred and eighty-five miles and ninety-two feet, while the ing doors between drawing and dining rooms, but in same weight of a common grass spider's thread will reach this instance they were not desired. two hundred and twelve miles and seventy-four feet.

MESSES. GAYLORD & TUCKER:

by Chancellor Livingston, were not Paulars, as has been supposed by many, but were from the Rambouillet flock of Merinoes in France. I do not know that this flock belongs to any distinct family, or sub-variety of the Merinoes, but suppose they were originally selected without discrimination, from the prime flocks of Spain.

The Paular Merino Sheep, when originally imported from Spain into this country, were, compared with the other Spanish fine wooled sheep, large strong animals, with heavy fleeces, containing a considerable quantity of jarr or coarse hair. The form of this variety was good, but they were characterized by a huge dewlap extending from the jaw to the brisket, so plated and doubled, that if severed from the neck, it would extend to twice the length of that member. Numerous large folds or wrinkles in the skin, extended over the neck, and occasionally on other parts of the body. An ugly head, the face often singularly wrinkled; the former sarmounted with massive horns, completed the portrait. The wool was exceedingly compact, gummy, black, sad hard to the feel when grasped externally. Their weight of fleece among prime sheep of the variety, was from six to seven pounds of wool, (washed on the back,) to the buck, and from four to four and a half, and even five pounds, to the ewe. They were found to bear the cold winters and changeable climate of the U. States, better than any other Spanish variety; and though Coarser wooled, and more unsightly than some others, It is often asserted that there are no pure Paulars now they have ultimately obtained the preference over all. in the U. States. Individually, I consider this a matter By far the largest portion of Paulars introduced into of the least possible importance. There are sheep the U. States, and perhaps the only large importation of which no one will deny are pure Merinoes, that are which any authentic history remains, was that made by mainly descended from the Paular stock, and which are the Hon. WM. JARVIS, in 1809 and 1810. This gentle- in every point of view superior to the original Paulars. If was acting as the Consul of the U. States at Lisbon, they are not Paulars, they are an improvement on Pauat the time that the Spanish government, pressed by the lars. Consul Jarvis, in his private flock, mixed his difvictorious French, was driven to raise funds by confis-ferent varieties as the French did at Rambouillet. In cating and selling the property of the Spanish nobles his judgment, it resulted in the improvement of all. who had espoused the cause of the invaders. The flock But Mr. Jarvis kept but a small portion of the Paulars called Paulars, (from the Paular convent,) were the pro- he imported. They were sold in every part of the Union. perty of the infamously celebrated Godoy, the "Prince For the satisfaction of those who esteem the Paular of Peace." They, with two or three other celebrated pedigree, as the lawyers say, a sine qua non, I perhaps focks, (the Montarco, the Negretti, and the Aqueirres,) should state that there are pure Paulars in the U. States, were in the vicinity of Badajos, and were daily thinned in the hands of various individuals? How is this known? for the subsistence of the Spanish troops. The Paulars How are the pedigrees of our cattle known? Have we were reduced to 7,500, when fortunately they were res- any thing to show for it, but the assertions of honorable ed by three individuals. These were the English and veracious men? How is the pedigree of a Durham Minister, who obtained and forwarded 4,000 to his Sove- bull or cow placed in the English Herd Book? Is it reign; Consul Jarvis, and Gen. Downie, an English- not done on the assertion of the breeder? Now there man, who purchased the remainder. Mr. Jarvis ship-are honorable and veracious men who trace back their ed about 1,000 Paulars to the U. States, with drafts Paular sheep directly to Mr. Jarvis' and other importafrom the other three flocks abovementioned, and 200 tions-who had bred them, or knew of their being bred, Beurials. Some Paulars purchased of Gen. Downie, directly from such imported sheep-and who assert that were subsequently imported from Spain into the U. they never have been crossed with any other variety. Are their assertions entitled to less credit than the catIt may be well here to state that the sheep imported

As in France, Sweden, and every other country to which it has been exported, the Merino has decidedly improved in the U. States. Larger sheep-heavier fleeces-more symmetrical carcases have been obtained, than could be found in any of the early importations. Our colder climate-to say nothing of the skill of American breeders-has increased the fineness of the Panlars; our pastures, infinitely more nutricious than the scorched plains or uncultivated mountains of Spain, have enlarged the carcass, and given weight to the fleece; our breeders have robbed them of a little of their original hideousness! Improvement in the latter particular, might have been carried still farther, had it been desired! But a Paular without his "ruffle," would be like a white Berkshire-nobody would give credence to his pedigree!

tle breeder's assertions?

The portrait at the head of this article, is that of the ject was to restore these old fields at the least expense Paular buck" Fortune," owned by S. W. Jewett of of Weybridge, Vt. He was bred by that gentleman, sold by him a lamb, and subsequently re-purchased at $200. Mr. Jewett considered him superior to his celebrated "Don Pedro," so often alluded to in our agricultural periodicals. The fleeces of these animals, well washed on the back, has been as follows:

1st year,...... 2d year,.

Don Pedro.
6 lbs. 7 oz.
9 lbs. 4 oz.

Fortune.
7 lbs. 9 oz.
12 lbs.

13 lbs. 4 oz.

3d year,...... 12 lbs. 4th year,...... 14 lbs. 5th year,...... 13 lbs. "Fortune's" live weight is about 140 lbs. Mr. Jewett states that the full blood yearlings of Fortune's get, taking bucks, wethers and ewes together, will average between five and six pounds of washed wool.

The accuracy of the above portrait, I have had no opportunity of testing by personal inspection. Mr. Jewett thinks it an uncommonly faithful one. If so, Fortune is truly a remarkable sheep-better in the fore rib and bosom, and with less dew-lap, than any thorough bred Merino I have ever seen. I suppose in fact, this buck is every way a remarkable one. I am satisfied that Mr. Jewett has no design to exaggerate in relation to his fleeces, or in other particulars in relation to his sheep. In proof of this, I offer the following facts:This spring, I ordered a small lot of sheep of him. He was unable to forward but two-a buck and an ewe. They were about 13 months old at the time of their arrival. I had them well washed. To make "assurance doubly sure," I sent a pair of small steelyards to the "sealer of weights and measures," and invited in some neighboring breeders. Both fleeces were accurately weighed by the newly tried steelyards, in the presence of all, and the buck's fleece weighed 8 lbs., the ewe's 5 lbs. 12 oz. On the first day of Dec. inst., I had the buck weighed. Including two light straps, weighing say 1 pound, he weighed 147 lbs. The ewe, I think proportionably heavy. So far, then, my buck beats both his sire and Don Pedro. I never have seen finer formed pure bred Merinoes than either of them, nor finer wooled ones. The ewe I think decidedly the best I have ever seen. I have a small flock of Merino ewes, which, including yearlings and all, averaged above 5 lbs. of wool per head. A portion of them took the first prize in two counties this fall, but none of them equal the the sheep purchased of Mr. Jewett. Both of the latter, however, and in fact all of them, are terribly wrinkled -have huge pendulous dew-laps, and an "apron" (a large flap of loose skin depending from the brisket,) which falls nearly to the ground as they graze.

So, Mr. Editor, I have fulfilled your request to tell you what I know of Paulars in general; "Fortune's" character, pretensions, and progeny, in particular. Yours truly, HENRY S. RANDALL. Cortland Village, Dec. 1843.

EXPERIMENT WITH GREEN MANURES.

MESSRS. EDITORS:-The query in your November number, (p. 172,) relative to "green manures," opens a subject which is important to that large section of country where corn usually sells from ten to fifteen cts., wheat from thirty to sixty cents per bushel, and other crops in proportion, and where of course it behooves farmers to manure their lands not only well but cheaply. Having recently tried some successful experiments with green manures, on exhausted land, I propose to give the results to your readers.

practicable. In September, 1840, one of these (30 acres) was sown in wheat, red bearded, 5 pecks to the acre, and in March, 1841, 3 bushels of clover seed sown on the 30 acres of wheat. The crop of 1841 was just 8 bushels of wheat to the acre, and was a fair measure of the average capabilities of the land in its then condition. The spring of 1842 was an early one, and on the 9th of May, the 30 acres of clover being in full blossom, and divided into two lots of 14 and 16 acres, 118 hogs were turned to pasture on each lot alternately, and kept fat without any other food than the clover tops, until the 1st of September. From the 15th to the 24th of September, 1842, fourteen acres of the clover sward was broken up, and with 20 acres of the adjoining new land, sown in wheat (red bearded, 5 pecks to the acre.) The crop of 4843, was 18 1-4 bushels of wheat to the acre on the 14 acres of old field, and 14 1-2 bushels per acre on the 20 acres of new land. The average wheat crop of 1843, in this neighborhood, did not equal that of 1841. There is now, without any expense of seeding, a fine crop of young clover on the 14 acres of old field, the remaining 16 acres being under a different course of experiment.

The advantages of this mode of restoring exhausted soils, of the kind above described, where labor is dear and the produce of land cheap, are several :

1st. The expense of preparing and hauling artificial manures is avoided.

2d. The pasturage of the hogs (3 to the acre, 4 mo's,) on cloyer, pays for the use of the land and expense of sowing and seed. And as hogs eat little else than the clover tops, they do not check its growth, and the dung they leave is as valuable for manure as the clover they eat.

3d. The clover, if not pastured too close, will always scatter seed enough to cover the ground the next year with a new crop.

I ought to have stated that 3 acres of the 14, had 52 ox cart loads of well rotted horse manure, and 3 other acres had 100 bushels of fresh slaked lime scattered over the clover sward before it was plowed in. The land was well plowed once, and harrowed twice. The stable manure produced a slight effect for the better on the wheat crop; the lime none perceptible. I will watch the effect of each on the coming clover crop. I attribute, therefore, nearly all the increase of the wheat crop to the effects of the green clover and fresh hog manure. If I am right in this, the account for 1843 will stand thus:

I do not give this single experiment as a safe basis for any system whatever; but as many of your readers, like myself, occupy lands where any mode of manuring costing more than four or five dollars per acre would occasion a loss, even if the average crop were doubled, an efficient and less expensive mode of manuring than is practiced where the produce of the soil brings a higher price, is much needed, and I earnestly desire to see the attention of the many intelligent correspondents of your valuable and widely circulated paper turned to this subject. Very respectfully, JAS. T. WORTHINGTON. Chilicothe, Ohio, Nov. 20, 1843.

CHAUTAUQUE SILK.-From a report of the proceedings of the Board of Supervisors on the 14th ult., furThe farm is "bottom" land, 140 acres, slightly roll-nished by the Mayville Sentinel, we see there was aing; soil originally 4 to 6 inches rich sandy loam, then 2 to 4 feet yellow clay, mixed with sand and loam, the whole resting on a bed of limestone gravel 30 or 40 feet deep. When I commenced my experiments in 1840, about half the farm was moderately fertile, having been cleared from the forest about eight years; the other half, old fields which had been cleared forty years, had been skinned by successive crops of corn, and appeared more congenial to mullein than any thing else. My ob

warded by the board, the sum of $176,79 as a bounty on cocoons and reeled silk, the products of Chautauque co. N. Y., for 1843, to be paid from the treasury of the State, agreeably to a legislative enactment offering 15 cents per lb. on cocoons, and 50 cents per lb. on reeled silk. The amount of cocoons being 1002 lbs.; of reeled silk 59 lbs.

Give hens chalk or egg shells with their food.