382 formed, or the blood must obtain it through the medium of food. If the food is deficient, the supply must be made up from a waste of the bodily parts; and the consequence will be loss of flesh and weight, which if long continued may cause the death of the animal, either by finally cutting off the source of heat, or so weakening the system that it yields to the attack of some malady. To sustain the animal in proper condition, then, requires a supply of food proportioned to the degree of cold to which it is exposed; and it is therefore obvious that by avoiding exposure to cold, we save food. HEDGE FOR WET GROUNDS. The flats or low grounds, sometimes of great extent, which border on rivers and large creeks, may be fenced by driving piles cut from willow trees, about as large as a man's wrist, into the earth at a distance of about one foot from each other. They are kept together by two poles running along the top, and alternating with the piles, as represented by the annexed tigure. The work is to be done late in autumn or early in spring; the stakes take root and grow; and by sending up lateral branches, soon for m a solid and permanent fence. Twisting and interweaving the branches, is an essential part of the operation. The use of a crowbar to make the holes in the earth, greatly facilitates the work. One hand will make, when the materials are convenient, from ten to twelve rods of such fence in a day. Fig. 108. HORTICULTURAL ITEMS. FLOWER CASES.-(Fig. 109.) A portable green-house, called from the name of the inventor, Ward's Cases, has lately been brought into use in the neighborhood of London. It consists of a box or trough for holding the soil, made of zinc, covered with a frame set with glass, high enough to admit of the free growth of the plants, somewhat in the shape of a birdcage. The cases being tight, keep in the moisture; and the plants, though standing in a very dry room, have all the advantages of a moist atmosphere. The cases also prevent injury from sudden changes of temperature, and afford considerable protection from frost; they also keep. the plants perfectly free from dust. There should be one hole in the bottom of the zine A door admits entrough to let off the surplus water. trance to the case. When exposed daily to a few hours of sun, the plants do perfectly well for weeks without any attention whatever, the moisture of the soil being entirely prevented by the glass casing from evaporation. The whole may stand upon a table, and no pots being needed for the plants to stand in, the beautiful appearance of a miniature conservatory is presented. The bottom should first be lined with broken earthen for the egress of water, after being left open for twentyfour hours, may then be closed, having by that time, allowed enough to pass off. ROSES.-Some idea may be formed of the extent of the cultivation of ornamental plants by the nursery men of Eng-ware, and then turfy loam to admit drainage. The hole land, from the fact, that at the celebrated Sawbridgeworth Nursery, owned by T. Rivers, a single "quarter of dwarf roses budded this year, contains 80,000 plants; and that in the same nursery, twenty-four persons were constantly occupied in budding roses, during the whole of the month of August. " SPECIFIC FOOD OF PLANTS.-It is well known that salt has been sometimes recommended for the destruction of weeds in gravel walks, and that most plants are destroyed by heavy doses. There are some plants, on the contrary, which bear large quantities of it,-among which is the Polygonum aviculare, a weed well known in this country as well as in England, as growing in paths and frequented places. A gentleman in Scotland, according to the Gardener's Chronicle, in attempting to destroy the weeds in the drive through his park, by the use of salt, so increased this weed, that the road was literally . rendered green by it. Such plants are said to do best as grow naturally in moist and shady situations. Among those which have succeeded finely, are crocuses, winter aconite, the various cactuses, aloes, primroses, begonias, anemones, myrtles, jasmines, &c. Sir W. J. Hooker, an eminent British botanist, says in a letter to the inventor, "Splendid as is the hot-house and green-house collection at Woburn Abbey, I doubt whether that gives more pleasure to the noble proprietors and their numerous visitors, than the beautiful little collection in Mr. Ward's case, that occupies a table in the library, and flourishes without requiring the skill. of the gardener in its cultivation." As we republican Yankees cannot very well afford splendid green-houses, this must be the very thing we want. CUTTING HAY FOR STOCK. TRANSPLANTING THE WHITE PINE.-Three years ago, a neighbor went half a day's journey and procured about 60 young trees of the white pine, from three to six feet high, for the ornament of his grounds. The trees Mr. Thos. W. Ward, gives in the Massachusetts Plowwere taken up and set out with ordinary care, with the man, some important facts in regard to the utility of cutremoval of no soil upon the roots. Only two of them ting hay for feeding cattle. He says he has for years are now living, and one of these is in quite a doubtful practiced cutting hay for his horses, which, mixed with state, as to life or death. About the same time, the meal, he thinks far the best and cheapest feed they can writer procured fifteen trees of the same species, from have. He also finds a great advantage in cutting coarse five to twelve feet high, removing with them a large hay and straw, which he says cattle will eat readily if cake of earth, (not frozen) sufficient to keep them steady cut fine and mixed with only a third part of good hay. in the wind without staking. All of them are now liv-He says, to test the value of the cutter in point of good ing, and most of them growing vigorously. CALIFORNIAN PLANTS.-The celebrated botanist, Hartweg, has been sent out this fall by the London Horticultural Society, to explore the ground which had just been commenced some years ago by David Douglass, before the death of that eminent individual. Hartweg is to spend three years in California, aud many handsome plants will doubtless be added to those already in cultivation. economy, I adopted the following method, viz: After having kept four oxen on long hay for some days, I weighed hay enough to keep them 24 hours. At the expiration of which I weighed what hay was left, together with what little remained in their crib, and found they had eaten 1044 lbs. of hay. Their excrement evacuated during the same time weighed 1781 lbs.; exceeding the quantity of hay by 78 lbs. They were kept in the barn all the time except being driven to water, after which they were immediately put in the barn. While out, only one ox voided, of this there was no account made. "I then kept them 24 hours on cut hay from the same mow, thinking that in this time they might empty themselves of the long hay. I then weighed 1044 lbs., (the same quantity they ate of long hay,) from the same mow -kept them in the barn and watered as before. With them there was no difference except in this instance, they all returned to the barn without having anything pass from them. "At the end of the 24 hours I weighed the hay that was left, and found they had eaten 86 lbs. only; and their excrement during the same time weighed 208 lbs., exceeding the weight of cut hay eaten, by 122 lbs. was my purpose in each instance to let them have what they needed, and no more; in neither case was there a waste of hay, and in each case the oxen were comfort It racked off, fresh water is applied, is suffered again to stand 10 minutes, and again racked off; the process is repeated several times, until it is thoroughly washed. It is then dried on stretched flannel. A hundred weight of good potatoes yields about 18 lbs. of good starch; the quantity however varies. The average proportion of water in good potatoes, is about 80 lbs. per hundred weight. Professor Henslow, hired his potatoes grated by hand. "The cost of grating 7 sacks was 178. 6d.; the flour saved 122 lbs.; call this 8 stone, which may be used instead of 8 stone of wheatflour, at 2s. 6d. per stone, and I lose nothing; whilst the poor graters have gained, and the amount of human food saved, will tend to keep down prices." CHEAP CONTRIVANCES-SPLITTING WOOD. A cheap and simple contrivance, costing but a few mi ably filled. They had done no work for several days nutes labor, and used every day in the year, is often worth before being put on the trial, nor did they do any while on trial, nor during the intervening 24 hours." These facts show a saving in this instance, of about 18 per cent. in favor of cut hay, and also an increase in weight of the excrement, of 15 per cent. Thus, says Mr. W., "we spend less hay and make more manure, which is the farmer's capital." He thinks the cattle did as well when fed on the cut hay, as when fed on the long. He says he will not attempt to solve the mystery in regard to least hay making most manure. THE POTATAO ROT IN EUROPE. The extensive destruction of the potato crop in Eu-. rope has awakened a great deal of inquiry among scientific men and through all classes of people. The Editor of the London Gardener's Chronicle, estimates the loss at five-sixths of the whole crop of Europe. The speedy destruction in many cases, may be inferred from the statement of a correspondent of that paper:-"Two days ago, twelve acres were still safe; they are now gone." But the further investigations have been pushed, by men of the most eminent abilities, the greater seems to be the doubt which hangs over the cause and cure; and the scientific world appears yet divided between the opinion of its being a gangrene or murrain, or the blighting effects of a fungus. The opinion which has prevailed to some extent in this country, as well as in Europe, that common salt was an efficient remedy, and which was strengthened by the fact that on parts of the sea-coast, exposed to saline moisture, the rot had not appeared,—appears to be overthrown by failure in other places on the sea, and where in experiment salt was directly applied. ready for the blow of the axe. more than the complex and ostentatious machine but rarely needed in practice. Every man who splits up stove-wood, knows that by the usual way, he has to spend two-thirds of his time in setting up the block To save this time, we have adopted the following way, and found it to save at least two-thirds the time, equal to at least several dollars a year to every man who has to keep one stove going. A large flat block of wood, six or eight inches thick, and nearly two feet wide, has a large hole cut through the middle about eight or nine inches. square. The block of stove-wood is set on end in this hole, and quick and repeated strokes of the axe splits it up finely, without once touching it with the hand. ed logs, and pin them together. If such a block is not easily to be had, take two crook CULTURE OF BROOM CORN. L. TUCKER, Esq.-I am not prepared to give satisfactory answers to your correspondent, on the subject of broom corn, in every particular; but will briefly state, that we have, the past summer, had about thirty-five acres under cultivation; about half on the Mohawk low lands, (or flats) which is the soil generally perferred, the balance adjoining, on a gravelly soil. On account of the extreme drouth, the low ground has done much the best. 2d. As to the profits, compared with other crops. Much depends on the success you may have; some seasons it does much better than others; the past has been too dry to give a good large brush, but with us the seed has been an extraordinary crop-averaging nearly or quite fifty bushels to the acre, and most of it very full and heavy, weighing 31 lbs. to the bushel, and is excellent for fatting hogs. They eat it greedily, and thrive on it as well, if not better, than on Indian corn. An acre of good broom corn should yield from four to six hundred lbs. of brush; and the seed, when good, is worth, in its rough state, as much as oats for feed, All that scientific men have yet done, is to suggest experiments for determining the nature of the malady, and for saving such parts of diseased potatoes, as may remain uninjured, by chemical process. The latter has been to for use in cooking for food, and for mixing with grain flour has been manufactured to a considerable extent. Kiln-drying the diseased potatoes at a temperature not higher than 180 degrees Fah., and not longer than fifteen or twenty minutes, has been found at once to arrest all dea considerable degree successful; and good potato flour, cay or progress in the disease. Professor Henslow succeeded in obtaining from half a bushel of sound potatoes, 4 lbs. 10 oz. of flour; aud from the same quantity of diseased and decaying tubers, 3 lbs. 1 oz. The quality of the latter was equally good, the starch of potatoes remaining a long time uninjured in diseased ones, and only lessened in quantity. The process of extracting the flour, consists essentially, in first washing the potatoes, As to the query, "will the increased production be then grafting or mashing them to a fine pulp, (which likely to over stock the market?" Like every other might be done rapidly by means of a common grater product of the soil, there may be an over stock some cider-mill;) and washing the pulp repeatedly with years, more than others, but thus far the demand has water. The washing may be conveniently done by 'pla- kept up with the product. J. D. F. cing the pulp on a canvass sieve or bag, and stirring it well, while a stream of water is suffered to run upon it, into a large vessel beneath. When the water ceases to become milky, it has carried off the flour; and the coarse || blackened and lifeless mass, applicable as manure by fibrous matter remaining behind may be thrown away. mixing them layer for layer in a compost with quickThe flour water, after standing 10 minutes to settle, islime. I have now on hand, enough of prime seed to plant two hundred acres, and can supply your correspondent with any reasonable quantity, at the lowest market price. My seed is the largest and best I have ever seen. ter directed J. D. F., West Schuyler, will be attended to. A let West Schuyler, Herkimer co., Nov. 1845. DIFFERENT KINDS OF FOOD. NUTRITIVE VALUE OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF FOOD. It will be observed, as a reason of the discrepancy often noticed, that on different animals, and on different classes of animals, the same amount of food may give very different results, some animals being more affected by certain kinds of food than others. It must also be remembered that the same kind of food varies in nutritive value, with soil, climate, season, culture, mode of feeding, as ground or unground, and other controlling causes. The nutritive equivalent is the quantity required of The following table, condensed from the Gardener's Chronicle, gives the value of different kinds of food, as deduced from theory, and from the practical observations of several eminent agriculturists. The comparison is interesting, and shows in some cases the near coincidence between theory and experiment, and in others the wide departure in their results. The table also exhibits the the quantity of water in each substance, and the propor-each substance to afford nourishment equal to 100 lbs. of tion of nitrogen entering into its composition. common natural meadow hay. Common Natural Meadow Hay,... New Wheat-Straw,. Old Wheat-Straw, Oat-Straw, Barley-Straw, Pea-Straw,. 83 90 1.54 75 100 70 3:1 430 100 90 90 90 90 90 100 11.0 1.34 1.15 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 383 200 200 150 190 200 175 64 165 200 150 130 150 200 90 150 Meyer. Thaer. Pabst. Flottow. Pohl. Crud. 600 6691 91.0 1.83 1.17 411 556 500 250 429 600 600 500 350 255..... 261 220 382 366 250 225 300 250 266 260 266 307 187 50 54 48 66 40 47 39 52 64 71 ོ: 86 60 51 71 65 33 61 53 76 50 11.5 1.70 1.50 77 33 55 10.5 2.33 2.09 55 27 52 46 64 37.1 2.18 1.36 From the above practical results, we have taken the mean, of several of the most important articles, from which our readers will see at a glance the average results of all the experiments, and which will be interesting as well as very valuable, as affording a comparison of the value of the various substances. We have also placed alongside the equivalent, according to theory, to which the results of the experiments sometimes approach quite near, and at other times are quite remote. The whole, however, cannot fail to throw light on the subject; for though strict accuracy cannot be expected where so many causes must combine to vary the results, yet a tolerable approximation for comparison, is doubtless in nearly every case attained. 85 105 135 160 22 42 108 96 Peas,.. LIGHTNING CULTURE. Much interest has been excited by the experiments of Dr. Foster in Scotland, to show the influence of atmospheric electricity on the growth of plants. James Cowie and two distinguished farmers called on the Doctor, and the result of their examination is given in the London Gardener's Chronicle. Not finding the proprietor at home, they made inquiries of a young man, a servant on the farm, who, on being asked if the crops were better where the poles and wires were placed, than on the rest of the field, answered,-" Weel, the crop sud be better, considerin' the additional pickle dung it got beside the wires, but that he could not say there was any difference observable." PRODUCTIVE APPLE-TREE.-The Germantown (Pa.) Telegraph states, that there is an apple-tree near that place, which has repeatedly borne over hundred bushels of apples at one crop. tained in the soil-thus leaving the lands comparatively a barren waste. Besides this, cattle are often allowed to The above is a portrait, from life, of a Bakewell or range at will, and are indeed sometimes compelled to Leicester wether, bred and fed by Maj. PHILIP REY-obtain their living by brousing on the sprouts and young BOLD, of Delaware, and slaughtered in Philadelphia, in trees, which permits only a scrubby, worthless growth. March, 1842. H was two years old and weighed It has been sometimes recommended to cut out old dealive, 251 lbs. the four quarters 147 lbs., or nearly 37 caying trees first, but the practice is attended with several lbs. per quarter. The saddle weighed 78 lbs. and cut objections, and we believe experience has proved that the 44 inches of fat on the ribs. Maj. Reybold's is, we be- best course is to cut off the entire growth, clean and lieve, the largest of any long-wooled flock in America-smooth. In attempting to cut out the old trees, a great numbering, as we have been informed, over 600 of the many of the smaller ones are inevitably broken down pure blood. He has taken great pains in breeding, and and spoiled, and as the growth is always kept uneven, has found his flock highly profitable. One of his sons the greatest quantity is prevented from accumulating on has during the past season been to England for the pur- the ground at once. pose of procuring bucks, which, if possible, might still Where fuel is the object, the course now pursued in . farther improve their sheep. He returned, as we hear, those sections where wood-lots are turned to the best acwith two very large and splendid bucks of what are count, is, to cut everything close and clean once in fifteen usually called in England the Improved Cotswold, or Im-to twenty years. The lots are protected as much as posproved Oxfordshire breed. This breed originated, ac-sible against fires, and cattle are kept entirely off. Lands cording to British authors, by a cross of the Bakewell producing hard-wood are in this way made to yield from or Leicester, with the old Oxfordshire or Cotswold sheep. fifteen to twenty cords of excellent wood per acre at each They are highly prized as fattening sheep, possess good cutting-giving a growth at least equal to a cord per acre constitutions, and yield very heavy fleeces of long wool. annually. They and the Leicesters, carry the principal prizes for On cutting the primitive or old growth from a lot, the long-wooled sheep in England. The increasing demand succeeding growth cannot be relied on from sprouts-esin this country for long wool, and the increasing demand pecially if the trees were much on the decline. In such also, for fine mutton, renders these sheep particularly cases we have usually to wait for a generation to come adapted for situations convenient to market, and the pro- from seed, which generally takes a considerably longer fits which they afford in such situations are undoubtedly time than is required where a thrifty growth is cut; beequal, at least, to those given by other breeds under any cause in the latter case the stumps sprout vigorously and circumstances. as great a growth is obtained in one year as ordinarily takes place from seed in four years. This is one of the great advantages of frequent and clean cutting-a rapid, even, and thick growth always springs from the stump, uncertain process of a renewal from seed. and we have never to wait for the slow and somewhat The fore part of the winter is the best time for cutting and securing the year's wood, as well as for clearing off the forest preparatory to cultivation. Before snow falls, Trees had better be cut close to the ground, whether or while there is little on the ground, it is much more the lot is intended to grow up again or to be cleared. convenient and pleasant working in the woods-the trees When there is a great depth of snow on the ground, it can be readily cut close to the ground, the small limbs is difficult to cut trees closely, and we sometimes see the and brush can be easily separated from the wood and stumps from two to three feet high; but we think suffipiled by themselves, and the workmen, are not obliged cient care is not generally taken to cut low. The best to plunge their hands in cold snow to pick out the wood, of the wood or timber is generally next the ground. If which is always more or less buried if the snow is deep. the land is to be cleared, the plow and the harrow can be Few things are of more consequence to the farmer made to work much nearer the stumps if they are cut than a judicious management of his wood-lands; and yet close to the ground, and if the lot is intended to grow nothing is generally more neglected. Such in fact has up, the suckers or sprouts grow much more vigorously been the inattention to this subject, that a scarcity of from low than from high stumps. If the stumps are left wood and timber has occurred in many districts naturally high, the sprouts often come out on the sides or near the provided with abundance. After having cut off the old top, and the winds break them off, or the stumps rot and or "first growth," as it is called, fires have in some in- they perish. These remarks of course apply to hardstances been allowed to sweep over the ground with such wood trees; resinous ones never start from the stump. intensity as not only to prevent the stumps from sprout- In our next we shall give an article on this subject, ing, but also to destroy most of the seeds of trees con-received since the above was written from W. Bacon, Esq. 66 FOOT-ROT IN SHEEP. foot between the hoof and quick before it makes its external appearance, causing the animal much distress and loss of appetite. It however eventually breaks out a rotten sore. We have recieved several communications in reference to the article on this subject by "GRAZIER," in our August number. The opinion of Grazier that the foot-rot "The difficulty of getting this loathsome disease out of is not contagious, is controverted. A correspondent with a flock, consists not in its being hard to cure, but from its the signature E. P.," who dates at Bridport, Vt., thinks highly contagious character; continually going the rounds; it possible that the error in regard to the non-contagious- by the time one sheep is cured another takes it and so ness of this disease, was imbibed from having mistaken on, the same sheep having been known to take it and be another disease with which the feet of sheep are some-cured of it three times in one season. times attacked, for the real foot-rot. This spurious kind of foot-rot, according to E. P., " is caused by a stoppage in the secretory outlet between the claws, or from inflamation by bruises, gravel, &c., and cannot, from the nature of the case, be contagious." This, E. P. thinks, is the disease to which Grazier refers, and gives directions for curing. "It is," says E. P. "very easily managed, and I have never known more than four or five lame sheep to the hundred affected with it at a time." But the real foot-rot, E. P. thinks "a very different article to contend with, though in its first appearance, it somewhat resembles the above." "As to cures it has been long known that blue-vitriol [sulphate of copper] readily effects the purpose in a single sheep; but for the reason before stated, many farmers have been baffled in thoroughly trying it, and have kept the disease in their flocks for years. The following prescription I have never known to fail of effecting an entire cure if thoroughly applied: Copperas half a pound, Dissolve all in two gallons strong tobacco water. This compound may be applied by means of a small piece of In proof of the contagiousness of foot-rot, E. P. states sponge, tied to a handle of convenient length. The the following case:-" Sometime between the years 1826 sheep should be caught, one by one, every foot cleaned, and 1830, Gen. Sumner, of Boston, had a flock of merino the long toes taken off by the clippers. Then with a sheep kept in Addison county, Vt. About the latter year, sharp knife the foot should be pared and examined. If he purchased some imported Saxon sheep, some of which it is sound, take the swab and thoroughly wash the foot had the foot-rot, and added them to his former flock. all over as high as the fetlock joint: hold on to the sheep About the same time he appointed an agent in my imme- till a little dried, and turn out to pasture. If, on examidiate neighborhood, to have the care of the sheep. The nation, a foot is found diseased, every particle of hoof foot-rot spread with great rapidity through the whole should be pared away over the affected part; better pare flock. This was the first time I ever saw the disease, or a little too much than not enough; if blood follows the heard of its being in this country. Nor did this infec- knife it will do no harm. The foot being thus prepared, tious disorder stop with this flock; several others became apply the wash as before, and then turn them out. infected with it by being driven along the road where the lame ones had been previously driven, much to the annoyance of their owners, who at that time knew noth. ing of the disease or its remedy; consequently great losses were sustained before they could get rid of the detestable plague. "In this compound, the vitriol is the main ingredient in performing the cure, the tobacco is healing, while the alum and copperas set the vitriol and it forms a coat like paint, which adheres to the foot, cures the lameness, and acts as a preventive for the well ones. If a pasture is procured that has not been impregnated with the disease, and the sheep are transfered to it, three applications, one week apart, will effect an entire cure; but if the sheep are to remain in the same lot, the three applications should be made as above, and they should besides, be run over once a month during the summer, or until the disease is entirely eradicated from the soil. I have seen many experiments tried with doctoring the lame ones only, and by driving them over a bed of lime and various other ways, without the desired effect. Neither are high and dry pastures any guard against the ravages of this disease, as has been abundantly tested on the high and rocky pastures of Crown Point, and on the mountain summits of Vermont. But in no instance have I known the above remedy, faithfully applied, without performing a cure." "A portion of Gen. S.'s flock were kept adjoining my farm. On the morning of a particular day, my sheep were salted, and at noon of that same day, a part of them were discovered to be mixed with Gen. S.'s sheep, and were immediately separated, so that they could not have been together only a few hours. Thirteen days from that time, one of my sheep was lame; it was caught immediately, and doctored, and in a few days got well. In about two weeks from the first one being lame, there were half a dozen, and in about eight weeks, one half the flock was lame; a serious business, that lasted me more than two years of doctering after Grazier's' mode of making an application to the lame ones only. I have known several flocks infected with the foot-rot by being put in a pen to be washed, where diseased ones had pre- Another correspondent who signs "TRUTH," and dates viously been, and by experiment, I have known sheep from Hoosick, N. Y., writes in reference to the contathat had never before been exposed, thoroughly impreg- giousness of foot-rot:-"I know a flock of sheep that nated with the foot-rot where the lame had been kept and was almost surrounded, for years, by neighboring flocks removed four weeks before the well ones were put in. affected with foot-rot, but this flock remained perfectly Indeed, so well is it understood in Vermont that the foot-free from the disease until one, thus affected, accidentally rot is contagious, that a law has been very wisely passed for restraining sheep so infected within proper limits, and by reference to the records of our courts, it may be seen that suits have been sustained and damages recovered, for the neglect of keeping sheep so disordered, according to law." In regard to the symptoms and cure of the foot-rot, E. P. observes "When a sheep first begins to be lame with the foot-rot, it is very easily detected, the tread of the foot being different from ordinary lameness, bearing directly on the toe of the foot, causing the ankle or fetlock joint to project forward, and if in the fore foot, the animal will frequently stumble. On examining at this stage, there is frequently nothing to be discovered by the eye, but on handling the foot it feels hot, and throws off a smell emitted by no other disease than foot-rot. By pressing the foot in various places, it will be found most tender at the heel. It commences at the heel of either claw, frequently between the claws, but always under the skin near where the hoof or horny substance commences, and it is not uncommon for it to work its way over the whole got into the lot with it. The distemper soon spread through the flock. It would seem singular indeed, that, immediately after the diseased sheep had got in with sound ones, they should all bruise their hoofs in such a particular manner as to produce such sameness in the re sult. ⚫ I will state for the gentleman's information, that the space of time between a sheep's being exposed and the symptoms becoming visible, varies from nine to fourteen days." The question as to the contagiousness of foot-rot, is, it must be admitted, one of great importance; and we deem it therefore proper to give as full an understanding as possible of the case. It may not be generally known to our readers that this has formerly been made the subject of much controversy in Europe, both among farmers and scientific writers. Mr. Youatt, in his excellent work drawn up under the direction of the British Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, enters at length into the discussion of the subject; but he comes at last to the conclusion that the balance of evidence is decidedly in favor of the contagiousness or infectiousness of this dis |