Dorsal low, thick at the base, erect or somewhat falcate, with the anterior margin usually concave near the middle. Flukes broad, with convex anterior border, concave posterior border, and acuminate extremities; posterior border crenate. Abdominal ridges converging in the median line below, anteriorly, forming an irregular projection below the symphysis of the mandible. Inferior outline of the body from the pudendum posteriorly broken by three convexities, of which the largest and most salient is behind the anus. Head and lips with numerous low rounded tuberosities; three rows on the head, one median and two lateral; a large irregular aggregation at the symphysis of the mandible and others scattered along the rami. A semi-elliptical furrow above the base of the pectoral. Color black, with white markings. Body black, with a varying number of white areas and markings on the lower surface, especially on the mandible, the abdominal ridges, and about the pudendum. Many of the smaller white markings, especially on the mandible, are in the form of complete or incomplete rings, or circular areas, and are due to barnacles. White markings occasionally on the upper jaw, behind the eye, and on the dorsal fin. Pectorals virtually all white on the upper surface, or with the basal one third to one half clouded with black; a narrow, irregular posterior border and the larger anterior sinuosities, when occupied by barnacles, black. Under surface entirely white. Flukes black above, with some white markings near the extremities; below, usually with a large white area on each side of the median line, bordered anteriorly and posteriorly with black. Whalebone dull grayish black, with some more or less dull whitish plates on the right side anteriorly. Bristles dull grayish black; the matted mass somewhat varied in tint. Skull very broad; rostrum obtuse, sides slightly convex. Outer margin of intermaxillæ sinuous. Nasals narrow, the anterior free margin acutely pointed. Orbital process of frontal triangular, very broad transversely; orbital margin narrow, oblique, the posterior angle extending out much farther than the anterior. Occiput narrow anteriorly. Coronoid process of mandible low. Vertebral formula: C. 7, D. 14, L. 11 (-10), Ca. 21. Total, 53 (−52). BALENOPTERA MUSCULUS (L.). Sulphurbottom. Plate 48, fig. 2. Head very broad and obtuse. Form massive; size very large. Average total length, 76 ft.; maximum, 89 feet. Pectorals, from head of humerus, 15 per cent. of the total length, falcate, obtusely pointed. Dorsal fin very small; its height about 1 per cent. of the total length; very variable in form, but usually more or less falcate; situated behind the line of the anus. Color of the body mottled gray throughout; the proportion of light and dark tints varying greatly in different individuals; head a little darker and nearly uniform; body usually lightest at the shoulder and between the pectoral and navel; darkest between the navel and anus; some entirely white spots on the posterior ends of the abdominal ridges. Pectorals gray on the upper surface except at the tip, usually with some lighter blotches; white on the lower surface, anterior margin, and tip. Dorsal fin dark gray, usually with whitish center crossed by light vertical, curvilinear markings. Flukes gray above and below; the lower surface with fine light and dark gray lines running antero-posteriorly. Whalebone entirely black. Rostrum of the cranium very broad; free margin of maxillæ convex; nasals oblong, with truncated anterior margin. Vertebral formula: C. 7, D. 15 (-16), L. 14 (-16), Ca. 26 (-28). Total, 63-65. BALENOPTERA PHYSALUS (L.). Common Finback. Plate 48, fig. 1. Form remarkably slender, size large. Head narrow and pointed. Average total length, 59 feet; maximum, 81 or 84 feet (?). Pectorals, from head of humerus, 12 per cent. of the total length, lanceolate, pointed. Dorsal fin moderate; its height about 24 per cent. of the total length; more or less falcate; situated just posterior to line of anus. Color of the body dark gray above, white below; the two colors merging by imperceptible gradations on the flanks. Coloration of the head not bilaterally symmetrical, there being more white on the right side than on the left, at least as far back as the pectoral; right ramus of the mandible white externally, and also the anterior third, or more, of the whalebone; left ramus of the mandible and left whalebone dark gray. Dorsal fin dark gray like the back. Pectorals gray on dorsal surface, white on ventral surface and anterior margin. Flukes dark gray above, white below, with gray posterior margin. Gray of the flanks extending obliquely downward and backward from the pectorals toward the flukes, but not reaching the inferior margin of the caudal peduncle, where there is a narrow white edge, bounded anteriorly by a linear gray mark directed obliquely forward and downward toward the anus. Whalebone gray striped longitudinally with yellowish white in varying proportions; anterior whalebone on right side of body all yellowish white. Rostrum of the skull narrow and acuminate; free margins of maxillæ nearly straight. Nasals narrow, and pointed anteriorly in the median line. Vertebral formula: C. 7, D., 15 (−16), L. 14 (-15), Ca. 25 (-26). Total, 61-63. BALENOPTERA BOREALIS Lesson. Pollack whale. Plate 49, fig. 2. Form moderately robust. Size moderate. Average total length, 46 to 47 feet; maximum, 54 feet. Pectorals, from axilla, 11 per cent. of total length, slender and pointed. Dorsal large, high, and falcate; vertical height about 4 per cent. of the total length; situated just anterior to the line of the anus. "Color bluish black above, with oblong light colored spots; the underside as far as the genitalia more or less white. The whole of the tail, with the flukes and the flippers on both sides, is exactly similar to the back in color." Whalebone plates, black; bristles, white. Rostrum of the skull elongated and triangular with straight sides, as in B. physalus. Orbit very large. Nasals oblong and truncated anteriorly. Coronoid process of mandible low. Vertebral formula: C. 7, D. 14 (−13), L. 14 (−15), Ca. 20 (-21). Total, 55 (-56). BALENOPTERA ACUTO-ROSTRATA Lacépède. Little Piked whale, or Lesser Finner. Plate 49, fig 1. Form heavy, size small. Head narrow and pointed. numerous and narrow. Abdominal ridges Dor Average total length, 26 feet (?); maximum, 30 feet. Pectorals, from axilla, 12.5 per cent. of total length, lanceolate, pointed. sal fin large; its height about 5 per cent. of the total length; situated just in advance of the line of the anus. Color of the body dark brownish gray above, white below, the two colors joining rather abruptly on the flanks; inferior margin of caudal peduncle white. Mandible dark gray. Dorsal fin dark like the back. Pectoral fins above with the middle third white, and tip and base dark gray; below similar, but with more white. Flukes gray above, white below. More or less gray mottling on the white abdominal ridges (?). Whalebone all yellowish white. Rostrum of cranium triangular, pointed, with straight sides. Orbital process of frontal large and oblong; orbit very large. Nasals large and triangular, the apex directed backward, the anterior free margin transverse or slightly convex. Vertebral formula: C. 7, D. 11, L. 12 (-13), Ca. 18 (-20). Total, 48 (-50). I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. IO. II. I 2. 13. APPENDIX I. LIST OF WORKS CITED. BAMBEKE (VAN), C. Quelques remarques sur les squelettes de cétacés, conservés à la collection d'anatomie comparée de l'université de Gand. Bull. Acad. R. Belg. (2), 26, 1868, pp. 20-61. BEDDARD, W. S. A book of whales. London, 1900, 8°, pp. i-xv, 1-320, 21 pls. BENEDEN (VAN), P.-J. Notice sur la découverte d'un os de baleine à Furnes. Mém. Acad. R. Belg., 38, 1871, pp. 1-36, pls. 1-2. Un mot sur la baleine du Japon. Bull. Acad. R. Belg. (2), 41, 1875, pp. 28-37. -, et GERVAIS, PAUL. Ostéographie des cétacés vivants et fossiles, comprenant la description et l'iconographie du squelette et du système dentaire de ces animaux, ainsi que des documents relatifs à leur histoire naturelle. Paris, 1880 (1868–1879), 4°, pp. i-viii, 1-634. Atlas, folio, pls. 1–64. BONNATERRE (ABBÉ). Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature, dédié et présenté à M. Necker, Ministre d'État, et Directeur Général des Finances.Cétologie. Paris, 1789, 4°, pp. i-xlii, 1-28, pls. 1-12. BRANDT, J. F., und RATZEBURG, J. T. C. Medizinische Zoologie oder getreue Darstellung und Beschreibung der Thiere, die in der Arzneimittellehre in betracht kommen. Vol. 1, Berlin, 1829, 4°, pp. i-iv, 1-198, 25 pls. BREDA (VAN), J. G. S. Eenige bijzonderheden omtrent den Walvisch, die den 5den November 1827 bij Oostende gestrand is. Algemeene Konst- en Letter-Bode, No. 48, Nov. 30, 1827, pp. 341-348. CAPELLINI, G. Sulla balenottera di Mondini, rorqual de la mer Adriatique di G. Cuvier. Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Bologna (3), 7, 1877, pp. 413-448, pls. 1-4. (Separate, 1877, pp. 1-40, pls. 1-4.) Della balena di Taranto, confrontata con quelle della Nuovo Zelanda e con talune fossili del Belgio e della Toscana. Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Bologna (3), 8, 1877, pp. 3-32, pls. 1-3. (Separate, 1877, pp. 1-34, pls. 1-3.) 14. CARTE, ALEX., and MACALISTER, ALEX. On the anatomy of Balanoptera rostrata. Philos. Trans., 1868, pp. 201-261, pls 4-7. 15. COCKS, ALF. H. The finwhale fishery on the coast of Finmarken. |