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W. T. & E. SMITH, Geneva Nursery, Geneva, N. Y., offer for Sale a large quantity of the following

TREES AND PLANT S.

Standard and Dwarf PEARS, Standard and Dwarf CHERRY, ned
PEACH TREES, and fine growth GRAPEVINES of the new sorts, such
as Delaware. Rebecca, Diana, Concord, Hartford Prolific, and older
sorts of Isabella, Catawba and Clinton. A large stock of the Oporto
Grapevines, the best for making wine. Lawton Blackberry Plants, Wil-
son's Albany Strawberry Plants, (true,) and other valuable sorts at re-
duced prices, Norway Spruce, from 6 to 3% feet; Mahonia Aquifolia;
Roses of Hybrid Perpetual or Ever-blooming-150 varieties at reduced
prices. A general assortment of Fruit and Ornamental Trees always
on hand.
& c.

SEEDLINGS,

Pear Seedlings just imported, in good order, now pruned and ready for planting, at $12 per 1000. Also, Apple, Plum and Cherry Seedlings, one year old.

HEDGE PLANTS OF HONEY LOCUST.-This is undoubtedly the best Hedge Plant in cultivation. For a farm hedge, or as a protection for orchards, it is unsurpassed, being perfectly hardy, makes a rapid growth, and when kept sheared, forms a handsome, strong and durable hedge fence. Price only $6 per 1000. Plant 6 inches apart-will grow on all soils. Feb. 23-w&mlt

HUFAS OR EARTH ALMONDS, at 10 cents per ounce; by mail, 19 cents. For sale by Mar 1-w4tmlt

WM. THORBURN, 492 Broadway, Albany, N. Y.

THOROUGH-BRED NORTH DEVONS AT

PUBLIC AUCTION.

The subscriber intends holding his Second Public Sale of DEVON 88 CATTLE early in the coming June, when he will offer between 20 and 8930 head of his own breeding-all Herd Book animals, and of superior excellence. As at his previous sale, each lot will be started at a very low up-set price, and sold, without reserve, to the highest bidder over that amount.

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Catalogues will be ready about the middle of April, with pedigrees
94 and full particulars.
C. S. WAINWRIGHT,
The Meadows, Rhinebeck, N. Y.

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Feb. 23-wotin2t

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A large quantity. The finest ever offered, to which the atten87 tion of Market Gardeners is particularly called. Price only $5 per 93 bushel, (dirt cheap,)--sacks 25 cents-delivered at Albany. For sale by WM. THORBURN, Mar 1-w4tmlt 492 Broadway, Albany, N. Y.

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93

THE BEE-KEEPER'S DEPARTMENT.
Driving Bees-Bee-lives, &c., by E, A. KING,
Shipment of Bees to California,

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HORT-HORNS AND SUFFOLKS-For sale, several young Short-Horns, bulls and heifers, bred from excellent milking stock, (see Herd Book,) Also Suffolk swine of all ages, bred 98 from Messrs. Stickney's stock. Address W. H. HARISON, Feb. 23-w9tm2t. Morley, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y.

91

73 Plan of House,

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74 A Cheap House,

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79 Sleight's Plant Case..

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81 Farm Cistern,

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- SEEDS!!

- SEEDS!!!

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Albany, N. Y.

March 1-w4m1t.

Albany, N. Y.

SEEDS

POTATO OATS AND SEED POTATOES.

This superior variety of OATS ripens early, yields largely and weighs from 38 to 44 lbs, per bushel. Seed of my own raising, one dollar per bushel. Also PRINCE ALBERT, JACKSON WHITE, JERSEY BLUE, DAVIS' SEEDLING and PEACH BLOW POTATOES, for sale at one dollar per bushel, and no charge for package. Bags for Oats 25 cents each, Delivered on cars at Batavia. A liberal discount on orders of 10 bushels or more. P. P. BRADISH, Feb. 23-w2t Batavia, N. Y.

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FLOWER

BY MAIL.
Our own selection of

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EAUTIFUL FRENCH HYBRID

BE

GLADIOLUS.

We have just received fifty named varieties of the above species.
Price from 15 Certs to $1.50 each.

Also all other varieties of Gladiolus, Jacobean Lilies, Tubero-
ses. Tiger Flowers, &c., &c., &c,, for which see our Flower Seed Cata-
logue.
J. M. THORBURN & CO...

Feb. 23-w4t

15 John street, New-York.

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PUBLISHED BY LUTHER TUCKER & S
UBLISHED BY LUTHER TUCKER & SON,

J. J. THOMAS, ASSOCIATE EDITOR, UNION SPRINGS, N. Y.
AGENTS IN NEW-YORK:

C. M. SAXTON, BARKER & Co., Ag. Book Publishers, 25 Park Row. THE CULTIVATOR has been published twenty-six years. A New SERIES was commenced in 1853, and the seven volumes for 1853, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, can be furnished, bound and post-paid, at $1.00 each. TERMS-FIFTY CENTS A YEAR.-Ten copies of the CULTIVATOR and Ten of the ANNUAL REGISTER OF RURAL AFFAIRS, with one of each free to the Agent, Five Dollars.

"THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN," a weekly Agricultural Journal of 16 quarto pages, making two vols. yearly of 416 pages, at $2.00 per year, is issued by the same publishers.

Editorial Notes Abroad.

No. XXIX---A Day in the County of Essex.

[SERIES.

No. 4

establishment so extensive, together with the indulgence practically of a natural taste for well-bred and highly improved stock.

The next morning we looked first among the Short Horns, finding several that would have graced any show yard-particularly, I remember, "Duke Humphrey," as a rich red fifteen months-old bull is called-the only one in England, beside Webb's "Earl Derby," sired by "2d Grand Duke " "before his trans-atlantic emigration-also a heifer, who was half sister to that distinguished personage, and a number of charming calves, the progeny of Mr. Webb's "Earl Hardwick," and apparently justifying all the compliments I paid their parent when writing immediately after having mentally daguerreotyped his merits.

Mr. Claydon's land is partially a stiff clay soil, but it

The

There were nearly 300 acres under wheat; about 520 in
barley and oats, chiefly the former; 300 in roots, mostly
in Swede turnips, as mangolds appear not to succeed quite
so well above a chalky substratum; 100 in grass, (proba-
clay a six course rotation is advantageously employed, as
bly permanent pasture,) and 70 in woodland. Upon the
for example, 1, fallow for turnips or mangolds; 2, barley;
3, clover or sometimes beans; 4, wheat; 5, beans, and 6,
wheat a second time, followed as above by roots.
800 acre farm, as I understood, belonged to Mr. Claydon
himself, while the other was rented. The former had been
wholly drained, and the latter to a considerable extent, at
a cost of from £3 10s. to £5 per acre. The general depth
he has preferred is 3 feet, but on soils of a gravelly kind
as much as 7 feet. We stopped to see the tile works, and
goes to any depth necessary to tap the springs--sometimes
was told that the pipe in ordinary use were sold here for
248., (say $6 per 1,000,) and that the workmen who make
them are paid 8s. (say $2) per 1,000 for the labor involved,
fuel being furnished. Various patterns of tile for other
purposes, and of brick, were also manufactured at the same

Visit at Mr. JOHN CLAYDON's-the Short Horns-the Land and Cost varies widely, and embraces some that is quite gravelly. of Draining it-Wages-Importance of an "Air Drain "-the Stock kept and Manure purchased-What an English Farmer knows-a Ride into the Park at Audley End-Farming in Essex county. There is a line of the "Eastern Counties" railway that pierces the heart of Essex-carrying one through Chelmsford, the county town, and Colchester, a place three times as large, (famous, to judge from the guide books, equally for its ruins and its oysters,) away into Suffolk, where we have just been wandering and noting, and so on into sandy, four-course Norfolk. But there is another line, turning northwardly from this, just after we are well away from Bishopsgate, and coquetting in succession with the skirts of Middlesex, Essex and Hertfordshire, as no reasonable railway with due regard for the traveler's geographical impressions would probably do-undoubtedly encouraged in this course, however, by the river Lea, in the valley of which, and bridging it every now and then as we proceed, I our route will run for near a score of miles-passing, too, as it would be most negligent in any tourist not to add, somewhere to the right of Edmonton, and, later, through the junction of a branch to Ware.* Ground over which, it is true, these letters have before carried us hurriedly; having then in view the roses of Sawbridgeworth, and, upon the day following, the festival within the borders of Cambridgeshire among the South Downs of Babraham.

After which, as at that time specified, it was a pleasant evening drive back into the corner of Essex, to enjoy the kindly proffered attentions of JOHN CLAYDON, Esq., who cultivates two farms, embracing about 1,800 acres, in the vicinity of Saffron-Walden. I had met Mr. C. as a judge at the Suffolk Show, and his active service in such a sphere of duty was not inconsistent, I soon perceived, with the energetic and thorough management of an agricultural

*EDMONTON and WARE-see the melancholy narrative of JoHN GILPIN, as chronicled by William Cowper, a most veracious author of the last century.

he

place.

The regular weekly wages of labor here were 9s. and beer, that is 18. 6d. (about 37 cents) per day, but men in in the busy season can earn much more by the job. I charge of teams receive 11s. per week, and good workmen should not, however, have diverged from the subject of draining, without adding that Mr. Claydon's experience on heavy clay leads him to estimate very highly the importthe head of a field-that is, a line of tile connecting the ance of having an air drain, as it is sometimes called, at both its own ends, for the admission of the air. He thought. upper ends of the lateral drains, and open, probably at

+ It may have been here, instead of at Mr. Crisp's, as mentioned in a recent letter, that I saw the process of making "pan tile."

the circulation thus promoted through the whole system of are doing—that is, not only whether this or that particular underground channels, of most efficient assistance in branch of the year's affairs is to return a gain or not, but very stiff land to the proper exercise of their functions, also the general features of the Agriculture of their district, supplying, in some degree, the place of the abundant pores and the details of every part of it in which they are themin an open and gravelly soil, in admitting greater atmos- selves intimately concerned. It will be remembered, in pheric pressure upon the contents of the drains-thus facili- looking over the approximative statements often given in tating their more speedy passage outward—and, perhaps, these notes, that I, and not my informants, am responsible also of service at other times in maintaining air currents, frequently for any lack of precise exactness they exhibit; which it is not impossible might create a downward draft for inquiries made as they occur to the mind in a stroll as it were, and increase by degrees the porousness of the through the fields, in driving from farm to farm, or othersuperincumbent soil. However fairly or unfairly I may rep-wise, cannot of course be answered as they would be in the resent from memory the theory by which he explained library, with the farm-map and books at hand for reference. the benefit resulting from such a head drain, this reference I saw enough of my host in the present case too, to learn to the subject should stand mainly upon the merits of the that an eighteen-hundred acre farm is no child's play to experience involved, which, as I have said, was stated to manage, even in England, and if perchance he still remembe decidedly in its favor. bers my long string of interrogatories, I can only express the wish that he might find in the above considerations as great excuse for their having been made, as I can in the pressure of his engagements for their never having been answered in detail.

Particularly I wish I might carry the reader with me on our ride that beautiful 8th of July-pausing here to inspect a heap of calcined clay in red clods and powder, or cutting across the headland of one field to visit the crops in another; spying out the insects (if any there were) in the tall, stiff beans blackening over for the harvest; following the scarifier up and down to examine its operation; passing by the cottager's garden, famous for its berries; stooping under the tile sheds and thrusting our sticks into the soft clay ready for moulding; making a flying call upon a nice bit of horse flesh, and stirring up a litter or two of chubby pigs; and last, and most of all, of the noble park at Audley End, with its grand old beeches, and their broad and welcome circumference of shade; the troop of fallow deer that clustered under them, with little fear of treacherous

Among the stock on the place there are the Short Horns, intended as the foundation of a select herd, then including 12 or 14 head-6 of the cows in calf to three of Webb's best bulls-and all, as intimated above, forming really a choice and promising beginning. Then come some of the nicest improved Essex pigs I anywhere met with, breeding sows to the number of 18 or 20; and last, and probably as yet the most important of the three, a flock of about 570 breeeding ewes and 600 lambs. Beside, however, there are annually fattened about 100 bullocks, and 30 to 40 head of young stock are generally wintered, while from 800 to 1,000 sheep are fed for the butcher according to the success of the turnip crop. To keep these animals the farm would yield 400 quarters, or thereabouts, (eight bushels per quarter) of beans; 70 to 80 tons of oil-cake would be purchased at from £9 per ton to £12 sometimes for the best home-made, while the growth of the roots would require 50 tons of "blood manure or superphosplates, applied at the rate of 3 cwt. per acre, at a cost of 88. per cwt. If the feeding of animals, according to Mr. Clay-dealings from the human forms more familiar to them there don's experience, can be made to pay for the oil-cake and the attendence they require, all the turnips, hay, straw, &c., will be willingly "thrown in" by the farmer-reckoned in other words, as so much paid out for the manure they produce. It is a rather extraordinary stroke of good luck, as I understood it, if purchases and sales of feeding stock can be made to do anything more than this-say, for instance, to return to the feeder 2d per bushel for his turnips. One source of fertilizing material, to which we have already several times alluded, is largely made use of by Mr. C., namely, burnt sods and clay-the ashes being prepared at a cost of 5d. for 20 bushels, and employed mainly, I think, upon root crops.

The rent paid for land here is about $7.50 per acre with out tithes, or $6.50 where also subject to a tithe of about $1.25.

as kindly admirers than as foes-two hundred and fifty or three hundred in number, watching us like coy youngsters from a village school, and giving an effect to the sylvan scenery about and the verdant turf beneath, which we Americans find far more often in pictures than in reality. However much I might fancy, nevertheless, that my forte lay in descriptive effort, and however well memory may recall a general outline, any landscape to be depicted in presentable form, requires more aid than memory alone can give the painter; he must have sketched this or that effect of blended light and shade as they strike him at the moment, if he would attain to such a touch of Nature as Nature herself alone can give. It has been said, I think, that if there is any subject upon which one's manhood is peculiarly sensitive, the world over, it is that of equestrian accomplishments; and without even pretending to present a modest under-estimate Few pleasanter and more useful days did I spend than of those which I possess, (mainly acquired, I think, by some that at the "Rectory Farm," and I am sorry that my notes familiarity with the fine engravings of Suffolks and Clydesprove so meagre, and my memory so treacherous as to all dales presented during the past twenty-five years in the that might be narrated of what we said and did. More- Farmer's Magazine,) it is no disparagement of them, I over I had hoped to procure from Mr. Claydon some memo-trust, to add that my head would have been more clear for randa as to the cost of the production of the crops he raises, of feeding stock, etc., etc., to which end I must here confess to having propounded perhaps more questions than even an American would generally consider it admissible to ask. To tell the truth, however, it seemed to me one of the most important illustrations I could furnish of "English Agriculture "-aside from any intrinsic value of the facts themselves-to show, if possible, how well and accurately the best English farmers know just what they

appreciative observation if my feet had been in some position more familiar to them than the stirrups. As a previous foot-note has contained an allusion to one instance of not altogether masterly horsemanship embalmed in legendary rhyme, it is, however, needless to pursue the theme farther at this time.

The view commanded in some parts of the park is considered an unusually fine one, and the mansion of Lord Braybrooke, the proprietor, is an extensive and lordly resi

dence as one sees it from the public road, the walls being sunken on either side, so that the prospect from it may include an uninterrupted range of woodland scenery. We also drove into Saffron Walden, a place of five or six thousand people, and containing an interesting museum and a fine church.

bined action of the great heat of the black surface, and the melted tar running into the pores. There is a possibility that the tar may become so well dried by that time, as to obviate the latter objection. If on the thick bark of old trees, applied in winter, the danger would be comparatively slight. On young trees, freshly applied in warm The county of Essex, toward the eastern part of which we weather, death would be nearly certain. There would be had already visited Mr. Mechi's noted estate, is a district various grades of intermediate danger as the circumstanof not quite 950,000 acres, long in cultivation, including ces might vary. If the trees are mostly young, we should near the Thames much marshy grass land, and in the vi- prefer to get rid of the tar. Ashes and water or soapsuds, cinity of towns numerous gardens and farms devoted to will remove it soon after it is applied. Probably turpenthe production of seed and similar purposes. Well water- tine would at a later period; but the turpentine itself is ed and generally of a somewhat heavy loam, it furnishes dangerous unless quickly washed off by the assistance of London with excellent wheat, while according to Arthur the ashes or soap. On old trees, with the tar dried in Young and Loudon, its arable lands are "cultivated better winter, and the coated part shaded with straw, we should than nine in ten of the other counties." "With every not apprehend much danger. Such experiments should of facility," says Mr. Caird, "which railways, roads and navi- course be always tried on a small scale. We regret we gable rivers can supply for the disposal of produce and can do no more at present than offer uncertain suggestions fetching back manure, this county might be expected to be-we hope some of our readers may give the results of eminently well cultivated, the landlords wealthy, the farmers prosperous, and the laborers fully employed." But, writing in April, 1850, he represents this as "far from being the case." Certainly Mr. Mechi does not present a very attractive picture of the methods in vogue when he began at Tiptree Hall, in that part of the county, but it is possible that a more favorable one might be drawn of the northwestern district, partaking as it may more of the character of southern Cambridgeshire; for, from what I saw in that region, and what I have heard of the farming of such men as Mr. Webb and his landlord, Mr. Adeane, Mr. Jonas-formerly of Ickleton, and now, I believe, of Chrishall Grange, not far from Saffron Walden-Mr. Claydon, and others, I should find it difficult to believe that there is not hero some of the most thorough and sensible cultivation which the kingdom affords. The Adeane estates are said to include 300 acres, irrigated ever since the days of Queen Elizabeth, and something of the kind has been carried on upon a smaller scale at Audley End.

GAS TAR FOR TREES.

EDITORS COUNTRY GENTLEMAN-The Michigan Farmer of Feb. 11 says: "J. W. M. of Amsterdam, N. Y., writes substantially that an application of coal or gas tar has destroyed his trees. I have, in pursuance of the recommendations of several horticultural journals, applied it literally to the whole of an orchard of about sixty acres of apples, containing over 2,000 trees, and several hundred other fruit trees, including peach, pear, plum and cherry. They are all in fine condition, and thus far show no signs of injury. The bark beneath the tar is fresh and green. The tar was applied from about one inch below the surface to 18 inches above.

I write you from an impression that I shall be as likely to obtain either directly from you or from sources to which you can recommend me, the earliest and most reliable information as to what I should do.

The property periled by this experiment, if endangered, amounts to many thousands of dollars, and that I feel great solicitude you may well conceive.

You cannot scrape the tar from the tree without removing wholly the outer bark. This I have tried.

If the coating will not injure, it is certainly a complete
protection from what here are great pests, mice and rabbits.
Detroit, Feb., 1860.
H. H. EMMONS.

their experience.

Chestnuts and Walnuts from Seed.

I should like to ask how long it takes to grow chestnuts from the "seed;" also "English walnuts." Would the seed planted in spring, vegetate sooner if the shells were partially or wholly removed? At what age do they bear fruit? Would they bear sooner if grafted on their own roots, or is there any other stock that would be better?

F. B.

Chestnuts will grow the following spring after they ripen. They usually fail to vegetate because the shell is allowed to become dry. The moment they drop from the tree, they should be mixed with or buried in moist peat, sand or loam, and kept in this moderately moist state till planted. If left upon the ground, as soon as they fall, and covered and kept moist with leaves or straw, they would readily grow the next spring, if the mice did not get them. Nearly the same treatment is applicable to the black walnut, except the nut does not dry so soon as that of the chestnut. Probably the walnut would grow more readily if the shell were removed about the time it sprouts. It might wilt, decay, or spoil, if done much sooner. We know of no advantage in causing early bearing by grafting, unless such trees were selected to graft from as have borne unusually soon. Nor is there any other stock to recommend.

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A remedy of twenty years trial has kept our own trees clear, if promptly and repeatedly applied. It is to cut off every diseased part as soon as it makes its appearance. Never mind if this cutting does disfigure the tree-it is better to do so than to have it disfigured with black-knot and death. Some say they have tried this mode and failed

but we have ascertained on inquiry that the disease in such cases had been allowed to nearly ruin the tree before any effort was made to arrest its progress. A man might as well talk of insuring his house against fire after it is in ashes; or propose to send for the doctor after the patient is buried. Others complain of the "trouble "—but it is no more trouble than cultivating the soil. Those who expect to have fine fruit without "trouble," will have to wait a long time for it. "In the sweat of thy face shalt thou The trees will probably remain uninjured till the hot sun eat good plums." We have found that washing the wounds of spring nets upon them. If the tar were applied freshly made by these excisions with a solution of chloride of at that time, we think it would destroy them, by the com-lime, lessened the tendency of fungus to break out again.

We have never tried gas tar nor seen it tried in the way mentioned; but have heard of disastrous results from its From a want of experience we can only speak by way of suggestion.

use.

"

Farm Improvement with "the many a Gradual Work-Underdrain-
ing, and the Change it Works on Hard and Sterile Soils-Saving and
Applying Manure the Basis of Progressive Farming-The Corn-field
Stock-Mr. Quincy's Remarks Show Them that "It Pays," and

should be Thoroughly Manured-What to Plow, and Why Keep

Agriculture will Become Popular.

Farm Improvement---II. Drainage, Manure, Etc. plant more land to corn than he can thoroughly enrich with manure. It will then be fit for any following crop. No farmer should plow up any portion of his farm unless he can prepare it for growing good crops by manuring and culture. Every farmer should keep stock, that he may be able to grow grain, and he should grow grain that he may be able to feed stock and make manure. If we avail ourselves of every fertilizer within our reach-if we make our fields accord with our manure, enriching each of them thoroughly in its turn-we shall soon be able to give every crop, and the whole farm, that preparation and culture which shall ensure its productiveness and certain profit.

We

Among the works of improvement in which the farmer
may profitably engage, we have already instanced the sub-
division of the farm with an idea to its symmetrical ar-
rangement for the most convenient, effective and economi-
cal management. This we have said, after the plan is
once fully formed, may be a gradual work—“one field at
a time, and thorough work with it," and such progress
will best suit the means of the majority of farmers.
have little sympathy with those who will do nothing be-
cause they cannot do a great deal—who make no progress
because they cannot go rapidly forward-and less still
with those capitalists engaged in agriculture, who scorn
the work of the farmer of moderate means, because it
does not equal their own well-puffed achievements. It is
our aim to induce the many to begin, and to point out a
practical way of doing so; well knowing that the work
once fairly commenced, will go on without our urging.

Speaking on the question, "What will tend to make agriculture pleasant and profitable as a pursuit ?" recently discussed at the Boston State-House, the Hon. JOSIAH QUINCY, Jr., made some remarks very pertinent to the subject before us. He said (as reported in the N. E. Farmer) that he thought the great question in relation to agriculture was, "Will it pay?" and our present purpose should be to show that it will. He spoke of farming in England and France, where men invested very large amounts of capital in cultivating small farms, thus making it very profitable, and getting the most from the land, while here our farmers are too desirous of extending their labors over too much territory, and not half cultivating any of it. The report, (to quote it directly,) adds further:

Let us return then to the field and farm instanced in our former article. It may be that more or less underdraining is needed in order to profitable cultivation. This first field may require a few drains in the clayey corner, or "He said that there was nothing that paid better than down the slope, (which we take in here because it cannot money judiciously expended on the soil, and in proof of this find a better place in other fields,) to render it equal to the he spoke of pet pieces of ground that yielded at the rate of remainder-and to make it one of the best lots on the $50 to the acre, and he asked why this might not be extended to 100 acres? He had 10 acres of ground on which the farm. Let us not leave this improvement unattended to. hay was not worth cutting; finding this, he broke it up, ferIts results will reward us for many years with largely in-tilized it, harrowed and seeded it, at an expense of $50 per acre, and the first year he got 2 tons of hay from it, which creased productiveness. It will be taken from the list of he could sell at the barn for $20 per ton, thus paying in one hazardous and uncertain, and be placed among those sure- year for the entire expense. He had last year raised 300 tors ly productive-no longer demanding a peculiar season and of hay, which cost him $700, which he harvested for $2.50 culture in order to the remuneration of the labor bestowed per acre, while his neighbor could not do it for $5; but the speaker said he had the advantage of the best machines, upon it. Almost every farm has fields of this character— mowing, raking, &c., and it is in not having these that farfields sure for good culture to return good crops, very exmers lose money. He thought farmers were the most extraordinary seasons and casualties excepted-and almost travagant men in the world, and he showed this by their negleet in saving manure. Mr. Quincy then showed that a cow every farmer has those which fail frequently, however kept up during the year, will produce more value in manure much labor may be bestowed, because the season does not than the value of her milk, relying on the estimate of Dr. Samuel L. Dana, that she produces (when composted with two suit them. And the grand difference in soil, character and parts muck,) 21 cords. He alluded to the care which is taken certainty, lies in the fact that one is porous and friable in Europe in this matter, and spoke of the result in bountiful from drainage, natural or artificial, while the other is hard harvests. and sterile from the presence of or effects of stagnant water in soil-the remedy for which is found in this simple operation. We have so frequently urged considerations bearing upon this point, that we will not continue them in the present connection.

An equally important question to be considered by those anxious for farm improvement, is this, "Do I avail myself of every means within my reach to increase the amount

The great element of farming, said he, is saving, with a liberal and judicious expenditure, and we must either invest more capital, or reduce the area of our farms to make the land yield what it will do, and it would be far better if farmers invested their profit in their land than in bank or railroad stocks."

[For the Country Gentleman and Cultivator.] FROSTED CORN.

having plowed up large fields of Indian corn, owing to the Observing in divers publications, instances of farmers frosts of last June, I am induced to give my experience upon the subject. About the year 1849, I had a small field of corn cut down twice by frost, that made good corn without replanting; and this was my guide for last year, depart-Hat, with basins here and there of half an when I planted a field of 35 acres, Ohio river bottom, very acre each.

of manure made and applied upon the farm? Do I give
care and labor to this subject, commensurate with its im-
portance in furthering the ends proposed ?" If so, the
ground and basis of farm improvement is laid. If not,
the matter must receive greater attention, for we may rest
assured that a reasonable amount of labor in this
ment will be well rewarded, and cannot be withheld with-
out great prejudice to our advancement.

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When the frost came, this corn was eight to ten inches
high, and on the following day the plants looked as though
hot water had been poured on them, especially in the
basins. I did not replant, and notwithstanding the exces
sive drouth and great neglect sustained by my hands
leaving at wheat harvest, have just now finished harvest-
ing about 2,500 bushels good sound, thoroughly matured
corn.
A KENTUCKY FARMER,

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