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ISABELLA AND CATAWBA

GRAPEVINES FOR SALE.

5,000 Isabella, 2 years old-5,000 Catawba, 2 years old,

Mar 8-w4tmlt

At $12.50 per 100, or $100 per 1000.
LINDLEY M. FERRIS,
Coldenham Nursery, Orange Co., N. Y.

Apply to

AWTON BLACKBERRIES,

STRAWBERRIES, ORNAMENTALS, &c.

The subscriber has for sale a fine lot of genuine Lawtons, at $1 per dozen, or $6 per 100-25 root cuttings by mail, post free, for $1. These rootlets, as experience proves, are very sure to grow. Directions to accompany.

STRAWBERRIES in variety, including Wilson's Albany, Hooker, Peabody, Victoria, &c.

Also ROSES, VERBENAS, DAHLIAS, FLOWERING PLANTS. &c., cheaper than they can be procured elsewhere. Catalogues gratis. H. B. LUM, Sandusky, Ohio. Mar 8--w3tmlt.

NORTH RIVER AGRICULTURAL WARE

HOUSE AND SEED STORE

60 Courtland Street, New-York City. Farmers and Dealers will find it to their advantage to give us a call before purchasing their

IMPLEMENTS OR FERTILIZERS.

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THIS PLOW turns

When desired, the furrow can be deepened another foot with my new subsoil Trench Plow, thus turning up the soil THREE FEET DEEP, It is the MOST SUITABLE Plow ever used for preparing the ground for Vineyards and Nurseries, or for any other crop requiring an extra deep tilth. It pulverizes the soil better, and leaves the ground in a finer condition than can be done by the spade, and at about ONE-FOURTH THE EXPENSE thus making it a great labor-saving machine.

THE SUBSOIL TRENCH PLOW
Penetrates the soil from one to three feet deep as required.

THE DRAIN PLOW

For opening deep ditches for tile or other drains.
THE ROCK PLOW

Our motto has ever been and still is to furnish the BEST ARTICLES Turns out large stones or small rocks from either the surface or subsoil.

at the LOWEST PRICES.

Our IMPLEMENTS are of the most improved patterns. Our
GARDEN AND FIELD SEEDS

Are selected from RELIABLE GROWERS.

Our stock of FERTILIZERS comprises the following:
No. 1 Peruvian Guano, warranted pure.

66 Hoyt's" Superphosphate of Lime, the best in the market.
Poudrette, manufactured by the Lodi Manufacturing Company.
Blood and Wool Manure, $25 per ton.

Bone Sawings, Turnings and Ground Bone.
Land Plaster, &c.

We will furnish DEALERS with any of the above Fertilizers in quan
GRIFFING, BROTHERS & CO.,
Proprietors.

tities to suit at the lowest rates. Feb. 9-w&m3mos.

HIGHLAND NURSERIES, Newburgh, N. Y.

A. SAUL, (successor to the late A. J. Downing

DEEP TILLERS.

These Plows are made to run from 12 to 20 inches deep as required.
THE GIBB'S PATENT CYLINDER PLOW

Is celebrated for its ease of draft and the wide furrow it turns.

POLISHED STEEL PLOWS

For Texas, California, and all other parts of the United States. These are most suitable for clay and other adhesive soils, as they do not adhere to the mould-board. They are light and strong, and of all sizes, from small one-horse to large four-horse.

All the above Plows are new patterns, manufactured for this market exclusively by myself. They are remarkable for light draft and the perfection of their work.

In addition to the foregoing, I keep upwards of ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY other kinds of Plows.

ALSO ALL OTHER AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. HORTICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS.-The largest and most com

& Co..) has the pleasure of announcing to the patrons of this plete assortment to be found in the United States. old establishment, and the public in general, that his stock of

Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Plants, &c.,

for sale for the ensuing spring trade, is full and complete, and comprises everything to be obtained in his line of business, viz:

A large stock of Apple, Pear, Cherry, Plum, Peach, Apricot, Nectarine and Quince trees, 1 to 3 years from the bud, of superior quality and growth. Grapevines, native and foreign, embracing all the new and rare varieties, Gooseberries, Currants, Raspberries, Blackberries and Strawberries, of all the new and old proved varieties. Rhu barb and Asparagus roots do.

ORNAMENTAL TREES. EVERGREENS.-A large stock of Norway Spruce of all sizes. Balsam Fir, European Silver Fir, Austrian, Scotch and White Pines, Hemlock and American Spruce, Arbor Vitæ, Junipers, (in varieties.) and a great variety of new and rare Conifers from 1 to 5 feet high. DECIDUOUS TREES of extra size, for street planting, and giving immediate effect to Parks, Lawns, Cemeteries, &c., &c., such as Maples, 8 varieties; Elms, 10 varieties; Ash, 8 varieties; Oaks, 6 varieties; Catalpas, Horse Chestnuts, Ailanthus, Larch, Tulip (true.) Abele, Negundo, Mountain Ash, Deciduous Cypress, Weeping Willows, Lindens, &c., &c.

FLOWERING SHRUBS.-Over 50 choice species and varieties.
ROSES-A large collection of Hybrid Perpetual, hardy Garden and
Moss, China and Tea, &c.

HEDGE PLANTS.-100,000 Osage Orange plants of extra growth, 1
The above stock is all of the best quality and growth, and will be

to 3 years old.

sold on the most reasonable terms.

A new Catalogue will be ready about the middle of March, and will be sent to all applicants enclosing a P. O. Stamp to prepay the same. A. SAUL, Highland Nurseries, Newburgh, N. Y. Mar 1-m2t| Mar 15-weow4t

B

ERKSHIRE PIG S from pure imported stock, for sale at $10 per pair, delivered in New-York. Address W. H. CLAY, Staten Island, South Side Post Office, or 82 Wall st.. New-York, 2d story. Mar 1-w&mit"

10 FARMERS AND GARDENERS.TO made by the Lodi Manufacturing Company, in lots to suit purchasers. This article is in the twentieth year of its introduction into this country, and has outlived fertilizers of every other description, for the following reasons:

1st. It is made from the night soil of the City of New-York, by the L. M. C.. who have a capital of over $100,000 invested in the business, which is at risk should they make a bad article.

2d. For corn and vegetables it is the cheapest, neatest and handiest manure in the world, it can be placed in direct contact with the seed; forces and ripens vegetation two weeks earlier, prevents the cut worm, doubles the crop, and is without disagreeable odor. Three dollars worth or two barrels is all sufficient to manure an acre of corn in the hill. PRICE.-1 bbl. 42-2 bbls. $3.50-5 bbls. 48, and over 6 bbls. $1.50 per barrel, delivered free of cartage to vessel or railroad in New-York City. A pamphlet containing every information, and certificates from farmers all over the United States, who have used it from two to seventeen years, will be sent free to any one applying for the same. GRIFFING BROTHERS & CO., 60 Courtlandt Street, New-York.

Feb. 16-w13tm3t.

FLOWER, FIELD AND GARDEN SEEDS of all varieties.
GUANO, BONE DUST, POUDRETTE, and various other fertilizers.
R. L. ALLEN,
189 & 191 Water st., New-York.
Mar 15-w&mit
GUANO,

NO PERUVIAN

Government Brand and Weight on every bag.
SUPERPHOSPHATE OF LIME

BONE DUST, LAND PLASTER, &c.
For sale in quantities to suit purchasers, at lowest market price. Send
A. LONGETT,
for a Circular.
34 Cliff street, New-York.
Mar 1-w&m3ms

то

10 DEALERS IN AND CONSUMERS OF FERTILIZERS.

BEWARE OF WHOM YOU PURCHASE YOUR FERTILIZERS!

SECOND HAND GUANO BAGS, with the PERUVIAN GOVERN MENT STAMP, are in demand, and are bringing extremely high pri selling it for a pure article. WE PURCHASE OUR GUANO DIRECT ces, for the purpose of mixing Peruvian with worthless guano, and FROM THE PERUVIAN GOVERNMENT AGENTS, and cannot therefore be imposed upon. Dealers and consumers supplied with the GRIFFING BROTHERS & CO.. PURE NO. 1 PERUVIAN GUANO, at the lowest cash prices, by 60 Courtlandt st., New York.

Mar 8-w6tmlt

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Manufacturers of Endless Chain Railway Horse Powers, and Farmers' and Planters' Machinery for Horse Power use, and owners of the Patents on, and principal makers of the following valuable Machines:

WHEELER'S PATENT DOUBLE HORSE POWER,

AND

IMPROVED COMBINED THRESHER AND WINNOWER.

(SHOWN IN THE CUT.)

WHEELER'S IMPROVED PATENT COMBINED THRESHER AND WINNOWER,

Is a model of simplicity and compactness, and is made in the most substantial manner, so that its durability equals its efficiency and perfection of work. Its capacity, under ordinary circumstances, has been from 125 to 175 bushels of Wheat, and from 200 to 300 bushels of Oats per day. It works all other kinds of Grain equally well, and also threshes and cleans Rice, Clover and Timothy Seed. Price, $245.

WHEEELR'S PATENT SINGLE HORSE POWER,

AND

OVERSHOT THRESHER WITH VIBRATING SEPARATOR,

Threshes from 75 to 100 bushels of Wheat, or twice as many Oats per day without changing horses-by a change nearly double the quantity
may be threshed.
Price $128.
WHEELER'S PATENT DOUBLE HORSE POWER,

AND

OVERSHOT THRESHER WITH VIBRATING SEPARATOR,

Does double the work of the Single Machine, and is adapted to the wants of large and medium grain growers, and persons who make a business of threshing. Price $160.

Wheeler's New Four-Horse or Six-Mule Horse Power,

Is a recent invention, designed to meet the wants of Southern and Western customers. We believe it the simplest and most perfect Lever
Power made.
Price $100.
Also, Circular and Cross-Cut Sawing Machines, Clover Hullers, Feed Cutters, Horse Rakes, and
other Farming Machines.

To persons wishing more information and applying by mail, we will forward a Circular containing such details as purchasers mostly want-and can refer to gentlemen having our Machines in every State and Territory. Our firm have been engaged in manufacturing this class of Agricultural Machinery 25 years, and have had longer, larger and more extended and successful experience than any other house.. All our Machines are warranted to give entire satisfaction, or may be returned at the expiration of a reasonable time for trial. Orders accompanied with satisfactory references, will be filled with promptness and fidelity; and Machines, securely packed, will be forwarded according to instructions, or by cheapest and best routes. WHEELER, MELICK & CO. Albany, N. Y.

Mar 15-w2tmlt

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Culture of Millet for Feed, by C. G. TAYLOR,

Inquiries and Answers,..

Four Thousand Bushels Corn on Forty Acres, by A. C. CARNES,

129

Cost of Raising Grain, by FARMER BOY,"

129

Notes for the Month...

130

Construction of Gate Hinges..

131

PR

How to Raise Carrots,..

131

THE GRAZIER AND BREEDERCORS

109

How to Make Cows Take the Bull,...

109

On Raising Calves, by LEVI Bartlett,

118

Cure for Scratches in Horses, by J. H. R.,

119

Weights of New-Jersey Hogs, by WATSON NEWBOLD,.

Advantages of Soiling Cattle, by J. L. R..

A Sure Remedy for Lice on Animals, by S. EDWARDS, TODD...
Fatal Disease among Cattle in Massachusetts,.

HORTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT.

Gas Tar for Trees, by H, H. EMMONS.

Raising Chestnuts and Walnuts from the Seed,.

The Black Knot on Plum Trees...

How to Make a Hot-Bed, by W. PETRIS,

Culture of the Perennial Phloxes, by WM, NEWCOMB,.

Remedy for the Squash Bug,

Buist's Dwarf Okra Plant,...

Pie Melon and Ground Cherry, by P. WHITTLESEY,

Culture of Brussels Sprouts, by EDGAR SANDERS,

Covering Tender Stems of Plants,

Raising New Sorts of Strawberries,

Profits of Fruit Culture...

Select List of Shrubs, by G. B. H.,.

Raising Grapes from Cuttings,

Artificial Stone Blocks for Building,

Address

RANBERRY PLANTS of the best known varieties, grown on upland and on lowland. 125 Price $6 per 1000. By mail, postpaid, $1 per 100. 126

127 Mar 22-w7tm2t

122

125

D. L. HALSEY,

Victory, Cayuga Co., N. Y. RINCE ALBERT POTATOES.

The genuine article, selected, of medium size, for seed, will be delivered at Cayuga Bridge on Central Railroad, or at Ithaca, for $3 a barrel of two and a-half bushels. Address, with the money, Mar 22-w2tmlt R. HALE, Aurora, Cayuga Co., N. Y.

KENTUCKY HUNTER FOR SALE

A superb entire colt, 4 years old June next, 15 hands, bright bay, beautiful in symmetry, and graceful in style of action. The 126 above colt will stand until sold at the stable of the owner. Mar 29-w&mlt C. C. PHELPS, Vernon, Oneida Co,, N, Y.

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112

Description of a Good Barn, by LEVI BARTLETT,

118

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From Rural New-Yorker: Is certainly a vast improvement in fla vor and sweetness from anything in the way of unadulterated Squash that we ever before tasted."

From Lowell Courier, Mass.: "Without exception, the finest Squash we ever tasted, and is greatly superior even to the Hubbard."

A specimen of the "Dried Nectar" will be forwarded by mail to applicants who wish to know more of this remarkable vine fruit, without charge; and seeds may be had of us in any desired quantity, for $1 per dozen, by mail. Address 1. W. BRIGGS, Mar 22-w&mit West Macedon, Wayne Co., N. Y.

NOVELTIES!-NOVELTIES!!

NOVELTIES ! ! !

THE PERFECTED TOMATO, 25 cents; by mail 28 cents.
ACCLIMATED GOLDEN GREEN JAPAN WINTER SQUASH,

25 cents-by mail 28 cents
THE TRUE HONOLULU NECTARINE SQUASH, 25 cents-by mail 28 cents.
WHITE LEGHORN SQUASH, (very large,) 25 cents--by mail 28 cents.
MAMMOTH CHILI SQUASH, 25 cents-by mail 28 cents.
IMPROVED LIMA MARROW SQUASH, 25 cents-by mail 28 cents.
NEW MAHOGANY SQUASH, 25 cents-by mail 28 cents.

THOROUGHBRED STOCK. ANDWICH ISLAND SQUA, 2, 25 cents-by mail 28 cents.

YOUNG AYRSHIRE BULLS. young DEVON BULLS-also
HEIFERS, various ages, bred from the best importations, for sale by
ALFRED M. TREDWELL,
Mar 15-w4tmlt
No. 45 Fulton st., New-York City.
COULTER HARROW.
The undersigned are owners of the Patent Right for New-York
city and county, Westchester, Kings, Queens, Suffolk and Richmond

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TRUE HUBBARD SQUASH, 20 cents-by mail 29 cents.
JAPAN APPLE PIE Melon, (true,) 25 cents-by mail 28 cents.
BRADFORD WATERMELON, (fine,) 25 cents-by mail 28 cents.
POMARIAN WATERMELON, 10 cents-by mail 13 cents.
TRANT'S EVERGREEN PEA, 25 cents-by mail 46 cents.
CHUFAS OR EARTH ALMONDS, 10 cents-by mail 19 cents.
PHYSALIS ALKEKENGI, (new Strawberry Tomato,) 10 ets.-by mail 13c.
THE NEW DWARF SUN-FLOWER-GREEN-CENTERED HELIANTHUS,
(truly magnificent,) 25 cents--by mail 28 cents.
SEVEN YEARS CUSTARD PUMPKIN, (true,) 25 cents-by mail 28 cents.
FEJEE ISLAND TOMATO, (very solid,) 10 cents-by mail 13 cents.
On receipt of FOUR DOLLARS the entire assortment will be mailed
to one address, and postage paid. For sale by
WM. THORBURN, Seedsman,
Mar 22-w4tmlt
490 & 492 Broadway, Albany, N. Y.

ALBANY TILE WORKS,

CORNER CLINTON AVENUE AND KNOX STREET, ALBANY, N. Y. The Subscribers, being the most extensive manufacturers of DRAIN. ING TILE in the United States, have on hand, in large or small quanwarranted superior to any made in this country, hard-burned, and over one foot in length. Orders solicited. Price List sent on application. C. & W. McCAMMON, Albany, N. Y.

Land Draining,

Jan. 5-wtf.-Feb 1-mtf.

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PUBLISHED BY LUTHER TUCKER & S
UBLISHED BY LUTHER TUCKER & SON,

J. J. THOMAS, ASSOCIATE EDITOR, UNION SPRINGS, N. Y.
AGENTS IN NEW-YORK:

C. M. SAXTON, BARKER & Co., Ag. Book Publishers, 25 Park Row.
THE CULTIVATOR has been published twenty-six years. A NEW
SERIES was commenced in 1853, and the seven volumes for 1853, 4, 5, 6,

7, 8 and 9, can be furnished, bound and post-paid, at $1.00 each.
TERMS-FIFTY CENTS A YEAR.-Ten copies of the CULTIVATOR and
Ten of the ANNUAL REGISTER OF RURAL AFFAIRS, with one of each
free to the Agent, Five Dollars.

[SERIES.

No. 5.

small portion of its surface "can be considered a natural soil for wheat;" and yet we are met by the statistical fact that more than 200,000 acres-more than one-fifth of its total area under tillage-an area "including thin chalks, hungry gravels and blowing sands," produces an average crop throughout, of thirty bushels and one peck per acre of this grain. Speaking, then, of the county, as we should of one grand farm, and basing our statements upon the figures collected in 1854 by Sir John Walsham, as quoted

of 16 quarto pages, making two vols, yearly of 416 pages, at $2.00 per by Mr. Read, we might roughly lay off this extensive es

"THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN," a weekly Agricultural Journal year, is issued by the same publishers.

Editorial Notes Abroad.

No. XXX---NORFOLK AGRICULTURE.

In recurring to my memoranda about the Agricultural affairs of this noted county of Norfolk, it is proper to disclaim any effort toward an exhaustion of the subject, either in a few dashing sentences, or indeed with all the patient labor that I might, or would or could devote to it. The Royal Agricultural Society of England, in the pursuance of that policy which the Society of our own State has been imitating, as by degrees its funds have permitted -from time to time has offered valuable premiums for Reports upon the Agriculture of the several counties. That upon the Farming of Norfolk, awarded the sum of £50 about 16 years ago, is said to "fill more than 400 pages of a large octavo volume." The Society, indeed, appears in this instance to have really won a somewhat elephantine prize; the Journal would not contain it, and the bulky and all-devouring document was given over to the slow and inglorious death of separate publication.

tablishment as consisting, one-fifth of permanent pasture, while the remaining four-fifths will apportion themselves nearly equally between the different divisions of that rotation which owes to the county its origin, its common name and its world-wide celebrity. In other words, could we summon some East-Anglian chieftain of ancient sovereignty, back from the quiet sleep of centuries to active dominion as of yore, over the twelve hundred and eighty thousand acres of Norfolk, how little would he recognize in what he saw, the primeval state of "cold obstruction" in which so much of it once lay at the mercy of every wind and wave, and which still characterizes about 275,000 acres-a lingering remnant too obstinate for the science and labor of our day, even, to subdue at a profit. He would see such oxen as were never roasted whole in the day of his glories, and such sheep as never furnished him a fleece, grazing over luxuriant herbage; he would find the four-field system in possession of fully its due proportion of wheat, having in turnips and similar crops another part, in barley and oats a third, and in artificial grasses the remainder. In glancing over the map of his much metamorphosized domain, however, and coming down from these generalities to a little more accurate acquaintance with what his successors During the interval between the day of the protracted are accomplishing, he would learn that the money-bringing Survey of Norfolk Agriculture just alluded to, and the crops are actually the ones that exceed their allotment of present era of more hurried and less complete performan-space in this rough estimate! He would see the farm ces, there has not a little taken place to mark the period-employed short though it is-as one of interest and general progress. In Wheat... I owe my acknowledgments to CLARE SEWELL READ, Esq., for numerous illustrations of the changes that have occurred-many of them described in an Essay upon the subject then just furnished by him to the Society's Journal-upon which I shall rely as the source of most of the following facts; for the fame of the County, not less than the lessons which they may perhaps be made to convey, seem to me sufficient to warrant for their consideration, a longer pause than usual, at this point in our journeyings.

Let us then bear in mind that we are by no means entering the Garden of England, so far as natural advantages are concerned, however its present appearance and products might apparently justify such an appellation. But a

Barley, 174,000; Oats, 35,000; Rye, 6,000,
Turnips, 161.000: Mangolds, 16,000; Beans and Peas,
21,000; Vetches, 3,000,

Clover and Artificial Grasses, 172,000; Bare fallow,
10,000; Carrots, Cabbages, &c., 9,000; Potatoes,
2,000,

Which, with the permanent pasture,

Gives the total area under Tillage,

203,000 acres. 215,000 do.

201,000 do.

193,000 do.

812,000 do.

193,000 do.

1,005,000 de.

I doubt if the round numbers as above given, would not quite suffice to lay the ghost of our intrusive Saxon, in mercy to the repose of whose bones, wearied and worn in unsuccessful conflict with the invading and usurping Norman, let us forbear tracing the triumphs of the latter into all the intricate exactness of units and fractions.

The interesting statistics collected by Sir John Walsh

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am cover the two years 1853 and 1854, and the value, ot such tables of agricultural facts, is argued from the proot afforded by these, that Norfolk was growing in 1854, 13, 000 acres more of wheat, feeding nearly 10,000 more-bullocks, and had 7,600 acres less lying idle in bare fallow, than during the preceding year. Many English farmers, indeed all, I presume, of those more advanced in their cultivation and their views,—are strongly in favor of the adoption of some system of collecting thorough and complete Agricultural Statistics,- -a measure which would be of great value and interest in American Agriculture, but which, there as here, finds numerous opponents of that class who think all "ignorance is bliss."

of tediousness and repetition, as the auctioneer sometimes "dwells" upon his figures in the hope of exciting his hearers to enlarge their ideas a little, there is scarcely any way of bringing a fact home to practical realization that more completely accomplishes the purpose than statistical tables, if only a fair hearing can be had for them. Let us now inquire farther in regard to the general characteristics of Norfolk agriculture,

Charles II is said to have observed that "Norfolk should be cut into roads for all the rest of England." I do not know whether the remark was made out of compliment to the roads then existing in this county, or because he thought its light soil good for nothing else than to form a dry road-bed.

Coming into the County as I did, however, from Peterborough, through March, Wisbeach and Lynn Regis, the first that I saw of it, was that alluvial district, partaking more of the character of the Lincolnshire and Cambridgeshire fens, than resembling the more easterly portions of Norfolk. It was my good fortune to find a most obliging ac

The table of Live Stock maintained in the County, shows one horse to rather less than 18 acres tillable land; almost one head of cattle to every 10 acres; 841,591 sheep to 1,005,135 acres, or not very far short of the ideal of the best English farming, “one sheep per acre,” and about as many pigs as there are cattle. It is in thus examining the well attested results of English Agriculture upon large surfaces, that we ascertain really what it can and does acquaintance and guide in the train that morning, who pointcomplish; we are not talking of some "high farmer's" sayings and doings, but we are taking the average of the bad and good over a whole county.

To reduce the figures exactly to the standard of a one-hundred acre farm, in order that our farmers may thus judge upon a more familiar basis as to the allotment of the land and what it produces, we find that the scale of operations in Norfolk, if carried out similarly upon one hundred acres, would give us:

ed out to me several "steamers," where this power is in use in pumping or otherwise promoting the drainage of the land. The soil, according to Mr. Read, is here mostly a layer of peat from 2 to 20 feet in thickness, resting fortunately upon a substratum of clay-fortunately because it is by claying, as well as by draining, that this peat can chiefly be rendered productive, some of it being so light that "on losing the water it blows away." Extraordinary dressings of clay, marl, chalk, and in some cases sand,

20.2 acres in wheat-30 bush, 1 pk. per acre,....... 611 bushels wheat. have been applied, "from one to two and even three him

17.3 do. barley-38 bush. 2 pks.
4.1 do. oats-46 bush. per acre,..

do.

664 do. barley.
184 do. oats.

So much for the grain produced. The proportion of bare fallow would be less than the land which lies waste in one spot and another, on the majority of hundred-acre farms with us, being only one acre and a very small fraetion. We should then have

In roots, (exclusive of potatoes).

In cabbage, potatoes, &c., (includ'g bare fallow as above,)
In clover, lucern and artificial grasses,..

In permanent pasture,...

Total of the Farm, grain land and all,

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dred loads per acre;" and it is rarely if ever considered possible to apply too much, because the more the peat is consolidated the better, and because any excess of lime, "which would be injurious on uplands," can expend itself here "in converting the superabundance of vegetable matter into fertilizing substances."

In reclaiming these fens some bad mistakes appear indeed to have been made. Draining the peat simply, is of no avail. Clay, marl or chalk, are necessary applications. ter remains "within six inches of the surface," will proSome of the peat that rests upon sand, so long as the wagrows nothing," and the channels made to drain it, have duce a "rough sub-aquatic grass; take the water away and therefore been dammed up, but the money expended upon the process has not been so easily recovered. Indeed Mr. Read mentions the "prevalent idea that the fens are now drained too much," although he considers it well founded only in exceptional cases like the above. He also states that the "drainage was begun at the wrong end;" each proprietor was endeavoring to throw the water off from

And we should be keeping 5 horses, and a fraction large
enough to cover a well grown 3 year old colt; 9 head of
cattle and a calf or two; 9 or 10 pigs, and between 80 it
and 90 sheep. How does this compare with the results of
what is called with us good farming? If it was not that the
New-York census of 1855 is well known to have been ta-
ken in a peculiarly bad season, it would have been worth the
while to place the figures of some one of our counties, side
by side with the foregoing; but we do not wish for the sake
of a contrast to represent our farming as any worse than
the reality. In 1859, considered as it was the best year for
wheat, 1816 alone excepted, within the memory of our
farmers, the writer has heard the estimated average yield
of Onondaga and perhaps also of Ontario and Seneca coun-
ties, placed by good judges at not far below 25 bushels
per acre; these three counties have something more than
three-fourths the area of improved land which Norfolk
contains, and probably but about one-tenth of this area
was in wheat, both winter and spring, in the one case,
while in the other the proportion of wheat lands was fully.
twice as great.

Although we have extended these reflections at the risk

Neither the soil or climate of Norfolk suits oats very well, and “the yield is insignificant," says Mr. READ, when compared with the averages of barley and wheat,

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his own land, whereas if the mouth of the river Ouse had been properly altered and deepened, thousands of acres that are now drained by steam, would have had fall enongh for a natural drainage.”

There is also in the southwest of Norfolk a "large tract of blowing sand," formerly "all rabbit-warren and sheep walk," and still described as poor and comparativewich to London, after leaving Attleborough, and from ly barren-of which I had a glimpse in returning from NorNevertheless, here as elsewhere the English farmer turns what he has to the best account; these out-lying sheep-walks are of importance to the holders of arable farms, affording "in certain favorble seasons, a great amount of hard but healthy herbage for the large

Thetford to Brandon.

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