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the season of the year when simthur bodies may be mostful of the mixture every three hours by pouring it down the throat of seffectively organized. They are Divas di maitatudo to. sh To improve the condition of the village of Homer and its vicinity, and specially 1.To beautify the Public Park, by making and properly sustaining all necessary and convenient walks and carriage-ways.

By planting and protecting shade trees, ornamental shrubbery and Howers

By making such other improvements from time to time as shall be deemed useful and practicable, af bil. To improve and beautify the whole town and vicinity unite By encouraging and aiding where necessary, the planting of shade By securing the removal from puplic places and highways, any noxious weeds and other nuisances, that may detract from the beauty of All. To encourage the introduction into the town, by exchanges and by purchase, of any desirable or rare trees, shrubs, flowers, seeds, to fruits, &c.

and ornamental trees along the public streets.

the town.

sad In addition to the annual meetings, three other stated meetings are provided for

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1. A Spring Gala day on the Saturday, preceding the 1st of May, for general tree planting and for such other exercises as the officers may appoint

2. A Summer Festival in June,

A Fall Floral and Fruit Festival

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The concluding provision is also an important ones es -los tree planting in the Public Park and along the highways, is among the most prominent objects of this Society, it is made the duty of each male member to plant at least one tree or shrub annually, in such places as the officers may direct, kil

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Both these subjects have been passed by from week to week under the pressure of other matters, until it is now too late to give to them with advantage the space which at one time we hoped to have done. Spring with its labors is already upon us, and another sowing and reaping will soon have been numbered with those of years gone by. But we should like to bespeak the assistance of our corres pondents another autumn, in discussing the best plans for Farmers' Clubs, and to elicit then from those that have been successful, any experience that is likely to prove adVantageous to younger bodies. Who will take a little pains to collect for us during the summer some facts as to the number of such organizations in active operation, their system of proceedings, times of meeting, &c.? We, and we think our readers, too, would be greatly obliged for such information, and it could not fail, toward the close of the active labors of the year, to produce an excellent effect in providing new means of improvement for the quieter months. Those who appreciate Farmer's Clubs will please not permit us to forget the cause, five or six months. hence, and we shall hope at that time to put them in the way of doing much good unto others.

PLEURO-PNEUMONIA IN CATTLE.

The recent supposed appearance of a contagious Pleuro-Pneumonia among cattle in Massachusetts, renders any additional light that can be thrown upon the subject at this time particularly acceptable. Even if the disease that appeared was not that which has occasioned so much loss in other countries, or if, being the same, it has already mostly passed away,—it will still be advantageous how to place on record any thing that can be learned from its ravages abroad, in order that we may be prepared to give it a proper reception if it should come among us hereafter.

the animal, and also three quarts of gruel given in the same way twice
a day. That treatment he found invariably successful. The first
green food the animal was afterwards allowed to get was grass. The
writer further added, that in his own locality he had known arsenic
to fail, but he apprehended it had been wrongly administered."
Another gentleman present, Dr. STRONGE, had "known
of three or four
" of arsenic given three or
greatest possible
four times a day,
use. He thought it in all cases of great importance that
the first symptoms of the disease should be detected, and
that further investigations should at once be made into its
real charaeterit as Jhim ben toute

seen

LAZY Was that it was fever that went on for several days, and

that

that fever came pleuro-pneumonia, which was a disease really bigord the hoofed, the disease was then almost incurable." remedial agents. He believed that when became man having suggested that there should be no

T

haydlofts in cattle sheds, with the view of promoting bet-
ter ventilation, Dr. S. had no doubt that this would operate
in some measure as a preventive, but had seen and known
the arsenic remedy to act so favorably
until some thing
better was discovered this course of treatment was un-
doubtedly the most rational.

that

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dis. from the remarks that followed we infer that this ease is spreading in Ireland, and that it was carried there originally by importation. bores oit ni negod bas Western N. N. Ag. and Mech. Association,

A meeting was held at Rochester pursuant to notice, March 15, for the purpose of inaugurating a “Western New-York Agricultural and Mechanical Association." From the report in the next day's papers, we learn that Gen. Jacob Gould of Rochester, was chosen President, and Jacob Hinds, Orleans; C. K. Ward, Genesee; J. E. PatWm. S. terson, Monroe; Orange Sacket, Livingston ; Clark, Ontario, and C. B. Rogers, Wayne, Vice Presidents of the meeting. A number of speakers took part in the discussions that ensued.

On motion of P. Barry, a committee of five, consisting of the following gentlemen, was appointed to present a plan of organization for an Agricultural, Horticultural and Mechanical Society for Western NewYork, and report at the opening of the afternoon session: P. Barry. Monroe Martin Briggs, Monroe: P. P. Bradish, Genesee; F. B. Pier Livingston; E. M. Parsons, Monroe.

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the plan of a Joint Stock Association, to be designated the Western New York Agricultural, Horticultural and Mechanical Association, to be located permanently at Rochester, to have a capital of at least 850,000 in shares of $10 each; to obtain a charter from the State; to procure forty to one hundred acres of suitable land for Show Grounds, and erect thereon spacious and convenient buildings for the display of articles in the varions departments."

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After some speeches pro and con, this report was adop ted. From the remarks of D. D. T. MOORE, Esq. of the Rural New Yorker, the design entertained is apparently to merge the present County Society in the new Association. E19 Col. B. P. JOHNSON has received through the Russian Whether Ontario and other neighboring counties are to Consul General at New-York, M. DE NATTHIEK, a quarto imitate Monroe in this respect, is not stated. They are volume of over a hundred pages, printed at St. Peters- expected, however, to subscribe towards its support. Mr. burg in 1854, containing an official report upon the sub- Barry was careful to point out that no idea of rotation ject, with two colored plates. As this is in German, and from one point to another in Western New-York could be extends over ground so wide, we pass it by for the pre-entertained for a moment. We have no doubt that there sent, but if further examination renders it expedient, shall are resources enough in that region of country to render tendeavor at some future period to review the facts and the new Society the most flourishing and successful local recommendations it offers.ioona od Jones ofriw dent organization in the State, and it now seems to be in the Jade We are also indebted to Col. J for a copy of the "Jour-right hands to call these resources into activity. nal of the Chemico-Agricultural Society of Ulster," Ire land, for February. From the proceedings at the January meeting of the Council, we learn that Dr. HODGES had received a letter from the county Tyrone, stating that its writer" had never lost an animal by the disease, and that 3 the only medicine he administered was arsenic." zi: He mixed five grains of it with white sugar, and gave a teaspoonBarwon si ti seuzood quią

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PEACH BORER--Egeria Exitiosa. EDITORS CO. GENT.-Every one who has cultivated the peach must be familiar with the mischief done the trees by the larvæ or worm of this beautiful insect. Without going into a long scientific description of the male or female larvæ, the pupa and follicle, which would be interesting only to the entomologist, I shall merely remark that the insect or fly which lays the eggs on the tree might be taken for a wasp. The only difference consists in its not having the divided body, which, in the feurale of this. insect, is of a very dark steel-blue, with a purplish tinge and a yellowish band across the body about two-thirds of the way down, being provided with two blue wings, and two half blue and half transparent. The male is all blue, with transparent wings. They are rarely seen, and when seen are ever in an active and restless state. In eighteen years I have not seen half a dozen; but that is not materialthe worm is the principal object of interest, and he may be found on the root of almost any peach-tree, varying in number from one to a dozen or more. Eighteen years ago I planted 2000 of these trees, and having already heard something of this destroyer, thought it must certainly be an easy matter to head him, and without regard to the numerous preventives prescribed by the knowing ones, began with an original experiment, which consisted in binding strong paper about the lower part of the trunks, which, in order to prevent the destructive effects of weather, I painted on the outside with coal-tar, that generally supposed bane of the insect-world. Having treated about 200 of the trees in this manner, I resorted to the old methods with the remainder-putting ashes about some, dosing some with lime, painting some a foot high with coal-tar, and planting others around with that sovereigns't remedy of all-tansey. But it was all in vain; the eggs would be laid and the cruel work go on.

If there was any desirable difference in the vigor of the attack, I fancied it to be in favor of those to which the lime had been applied; though I believe the paper and tar treatment would have proved effectual could it have been preserved, but in most cases it was sufficiently gone by fall to permit the deposit of the eggs; for it must be remembered that this insect lays two distinct crops of eggs, one in June and the other in September, and hence the only certain preventive is one that will be active before and after these months. Now, with all respect for the general belief in the virtues of coal-tar in such cases, I would advise every one to let it alone. I have killed both apple and peach trees with it, and not, as may be supposed, from any poisonous quality in the tar, but simply because being black it becomes such a powerful absorbent of heat as literally to bake that portion of the bark which it covers. If any one would test this, let him place his hand on the side of the tree any time in June or July and he will know why coal-tar kills trees about which it is used. To be sure, the latter-day practice of low-limbing does much to obviate this difficulty, and yet I have long been convinced that the popular idea that powerful and disagreeable odors have any terror for the insect tribe, is a popular error; they either have no olfactories at all, or what they have are exceedingly limited in the capacity of discriminating.

Tar is, doubtless, useful in keeping off rabbits, &c., but it should be mixed with sufficient whitewash to give it a color resembling the bark.

A correspondent of the Scientific American in a late no. recommends coal-tar to be used at the base of plum trees as a preventive of the curculio, but he does not seem to know that that insect has wings. I tried that same plan many years ago, when the opinion prevailed that the curculio was too sluggish to fly, and although it did not kill the trees outright, wherever the sun had access, there the bark was destroyed. Boiling water will kill the peach-worm, but the tree goes with them.

Caustic lime packed around the root, and then watered, has been recently prescribed, but if heat enough is thus generated to cook the worms, you may depend upon losing the tree at the same time.

The remedy that I will now advance may not prove infallible everywhere, but it has succeeded well with me, and has fully convinced me that this plague, as well as others of like nature, can be most successfully overcome by me. chanical processes. We know that in the case of the plum, jarring the tree has been decided to be, thus far, the most effectual preventive of the ravages of its great enemy. My plan is to give the peach trees a thorough hand worming in June, then to pack the clay (which in planting was thrown from the bottom of the holes) firmly around the trunk, from six inches to a foot in height, conically, and hoe it away again in October. I had this mounding opera tion performed about two years ago, (neglecting, however, to remove the clay until last fall,) when in about 1,000 trees we found but three worms! The rationale is this-the insect requires and searches for tender bark on which to lay its eggs, and to find this will remove loose soil at the base of the tree for half an inch and even an inch down. When the base is thus mounded they find nothing but hard bark-another is then tried, when finding things in the same condition, they finally abandon the field alto gether. It is but seldom we find worms above ground in the hard bark, although they do sometimes resort to the forks of the main limbs where the bark is tenderer, but one there is soon detected.

Now, as above stated, I do not put this forth as an infallible remedy applicable to all climates, soils, and situations; but it has succeeded in my case, and being both cheap and simple, certainly deserves a trial.

Mt. Carmel O.

T. V. PETICOLAS.

[For the Country Gentleman and Cnitivator.] SCRATCHES IN HORSES.

frequently see articles in the agricultural and other papers headed "A Cure for Scratches in Horses," in which a great variety of remedies are recommended. Some of them have the appearance of being based upon scientifle principles, while a majority partake more of quackery than common sense.

One man calls it a local disease, and treats it with a variety of ointments and washes; another says it is constitutional, and drenches his horse with all sorts of nostrums, Thus they jog along, no two agreeing in regard to the nature of the disease, its cause, or its treatment. This diversity of opinion has induced me to give my experience, that others may be saved the vexatious disappointments which the majority of these "articles" will encourage.

While yet a lad, I had charge during the winters of a portion of my father's horses as my part of "the chores," and the first indication of the scratches would send me delving in the pages of Mason, or Hinds, or "Every Man his own Doctor," to find a remedy, and when found I as What was the result? Well, "to tell eagerly applied it. the truth," I did not have very good success; for if they healed they would soon appear again, and as might be expected, I was lead to believe it constitutional, and turned to dosing the poor animals with like effect. And thus bétween eight or ten horses, I was pretty sure of having one or more patients on my hands nearly the whole time. You can imagine my disappointment, and I abandoned all applications, "threw physic to the dogs," and commenced had no trouble with "the scratches." It is something over to keep my horses' legs clean; since which time I have twenty years since I have made an application or given a dose of medicine for this disease, and though I have had more or less horses during the whole time, I have had no difficulty in keeping my horses free from this malady, unless I trusted them to other hands to groom.

But I have said enough; and now for my course of treatment-both preventive and cure. It is simply this: when grooming the horse, to clean his legs and heals with a common horse brush. I do not stop brushing when the thickest of the dirt is off, but continue to brush until the hair and skin are perfectly clean. This is done every morning, and as I have already said, I am never troubled with their appearance. I now own a horse, which when purchased two years since, was badly troubled in this way, and had been for three years previous to my personal

knowledge. With my usual care in cleaning, he was re-examine the udder and see if it is not sore, when she has good lieved in the course of ten days or two weeks, since which time there has not been the slightest appearance of "the scratches,"

Nor would I advise washing the sores with castile soap as is generally recommended, because it is rarely done as it should be, and the same end can be attained by brushing, unless ointments have been applied. And unless the soap is perfectly rinsed off, and the legs rubbed until they are perfectly dry, the washing is positively injurious. I would say to all, "take the brush and try that, and if it operates in other hands as it has in mine, they will be satisfied with the result."

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Some may ask, "What is your theory-the modus operandi-of the brushing?" If there are any such, to them I would say, "throw both theory and modus opeandi to the dogs," and not discard a fact because it is not accompanied by a senseless and unintelligible theory, as is too often done ovo ich do

I intended to have spoken of the too common practice of dosing horses to keep them healthy," but find my article is already too long, and refrain. NOT A V. S. We hope the writer will resume this subject, as the proper treatment of horses is one which needs discussion.

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reason to do so, and attention should be directed to the case at once; even then she should be milked gently; slowly or fast, as appears best; and, by the way, in ordinary milkings, the faster it is done the better; by all means milk with considerable rapidity on many accounts. If the cow kicks when her udder is not sore, it must be owing to previous rudepersuasion. If the animal is wild, and has lately come into ness of treatment, and should be overcome by gentleness and your possession, having become in other hands an inveterate kicker, do not discard her at once. We have known the most desirable cows to be addicted to this habit. She only requires, in addition to the above gentle treatment, which should indeed never forsake the milkman or maid in their management of cattle, under any circumstances-(kindness and attention to his animals being a great resource and a continual reward to stands in an easy position-not bound together tight or strained, the farmer) that the hind legs be tied to each other as she but separated at the usual distance when untied. Many have been soon cured in this way, who, from being difficult of approach, have become valuable animals, yielding a large quantity of milk, and very docile and quiet."

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G. P. S.

[For the Country Gentleman and Cultivator.] TRANSFERRING BEES.

Messns. Ebrons-I see in the Co. Gent. of Jan. 5, that some one wishes information in regard to driving bees, or whether it is possible to move them from one hive to another. I will give some of my experience the past season.

In May last I purchased the right to use the Langstroth bee-hive. Shortly after, one of my neighbors, hearing I had got that hive, came to see me, as he had heard and read about them, and also that bees could be moved from the old box hive into them, and to see the experiment tried. He

I would move them into the Langstroth. So I got my hive ready and started to my neighbor's, with doubts in my own mind as to the result, as I had never seen anything of the kind myself, but the experiment was entirely successful.

In the autumn they dig deep some ground that has not been manured; at the beginning of May they sow the large Eng-offered to give me a colony of bees in one of the box hives, if lish Cauliflower upon a bed of manure, and cover it with straw nats at night. When the young plants are 3 or 4 inches high, they harrow the ground that had been prepared the autumn before, and with a wooden dibble, 18 inches long, they make holes about 10 inches deep, at proper distances apart, and enlarge them by working the dibble round till the hole at the top is about three inches in diameter. They immediately fill these holes with water, and repeat this three times the same day. In the evening they fill them with sheep's dung, leaving only room enough for the young plant, which they very carefully remove from the bed of manure, and place in the hole with a little earth. Directly afterwards they give them a good watering, and as soon as the sun begins to dry them, water them again. Furthermore, as the plants grow, they dig round them and earth them up in rows. When the head is forming, they pinch off some of the lower leaves of the plant, and use them to cover the young head.

Now the way it was done was this. I took the hive containing the bees some five yards from where it stood, and turned it bottom upwards, and placed over it an empty hive of corresponding size, after which I gently drummed the bottom hive with a couple of small sticks, for about fifteen minutes, when I found the bees had all ascended to the top hive. I then set it on a sheet and tied it up. I then cut the combs loose from one side of the hive, and with a saw blade forced off the side of the hive, took out the combs, fitted them into the moveable frames, adjusted them in the hive, and closed it up all but the entrance. I then placed the new hive on the old stand. I took the hive containing the bees, and shook them out on a cloth, and with a large feather swept them gently toward the entrance of the hive. In a very short time they all went in. Since then I have transferred fifteen colonies from old hives in the same way. I have also moved two colonies together, with their combs and stores, from trees-one of them the 19th of the present month. Bucks Co., Pa. H. M. TWINING.

[For the Country Gentleman and Cultivator.] COTTON SEED MEAL.

[For the Country Gentleman and Cultivator.] CLEAN MILKING OF COWS. One of the most common improprieties of dairy manage-hollow ment, and one of the secrets of success in butter making, lies just here. It is well established that the last drawn gill is nearly all cream, and when one of these little measures of milk are left in the udders of several cows, say ten, as is often done, no less than a quart and half a pint of the richest milk is lost every morning and evening, a perfect waste, and more EDS. CO. GENT.-I have been using the above, for cows than a waste; for if this were all, the matter would not be so bad that gave milk, through the winter and thus far in the as it really is; but leaving milk in a cow's bag has a most de- spring, viz., one farrow cow and two that are coming in some leterious effect upon the cow, causing her gradually to produce time in May, which I have before let go dry through the a less amount to such a degree in the end, that it becomes clear-winter, but see no prospect of their being dry as long as ly manifest in a period of two or three months that there is a I feed three pints of cotton seed meal to each per day. rapid falling off, and cows, naturally good, are much injured, to say the least. This neglect is fruitful of garget and other I took six bushels of oats, three of corn, and two of rye disease, and, if long continued, the cow never recovers her had them ground together, trying that first, three pints full milking powers. This matter is worth more than a casual thought, and every effort should be made, without being severe upon the animal, as the thing can be accomplished with the utmost ease by a good milker, to milk cows well and perfectly. If the cow is disposed to hold up her milk for any reason, do not leave her side at once, but milk on. To guard against this, it is a very good plan to adopt the practice of feeding with great regularity at the time of milking.

Begularity in feeding is very important. Mr. Stephens, in the Farmer's Guide, relates an instance of serious falling off in the product of a dairy, resulting from a single failure to feed at or near the usual time. If a cow is inclined to kick,

each per day, which increased the quantity, but by putting into the feed three pints of cotton seed meal it nearly doubled the quantity, besides adding materially to the quality, six quarts making one pound of good sweet but ter. Cows doing better as it regards flesh, than I have ever had them. Begin with a little in bran or any feed you use, as they do not like it at first, but will soon be very fond of it, stirring it in cold water. I intend trying it with calves by scalding it, and have no doubt the effect will be advantageous. I say to brother farmers, try it till higher than $1.75 per cwt. JUDSON WADSWORTH,

West Winsted, Conn.

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This principle in gate building is applicable to any kind of gate required, from the plainest farm gate to the magnificent entrance gates of parks or country seats. It is susceptible of innumerable changes in design, and can be The style of hinge shown in the above figure, is pecu-made elaborate and ornamental in a high degree. liarly adapted to this gate; the rod next to the heel-post secures the hinge, as well as performs its duty in the truss. The other bolts in the hinge are carriage bolts, with nuts, and are every way better than ordinary screws or bolts, the extra cost being but a few cents. When the iron rods are tightly screwed up, each brace is held firmly in its place by compression, and does not need nailing or any other manner of security. The braces might have a small tenon or dowel on each end, or better still, if the triangular foot blocks were made of cast iron, with a small lip raised on each end, they would be necessarily secure. If the timber shrinks or works loose in any manner, it can be brought back to place by turning the nuts. If the braces are all of equal length, and cross each other at their centers, the gate can take no position in a vertical plane, but the one in which it is originally placed it must always be square at the corners. The only condition in which it can Rustic gates, and rustic work generally, except on a Bag, is when a weight is applied sufficient to compress the small scale, have been failures; but with this application braces and extend the iron rods. If, however, by the un-rustic work of any kind can be made immensely strong. equal shrinkage of the timbers, or from any cause what- For farin gates, &c., nothing is cheaper, more appropriate, o ever, the gate should sag, it can be easily remedied by un- and durable. screwing the nuts, and placing a thin piece of wood under each brace, running from lower rail towards latch post; in this manner the forward end of the gate can be raised, at any time, as high as may be found desirable. Any brace may be taken out and replaced, and the whole gate rebuilt as fast as the timbers decay.

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ey Western Hog-House and Corn Crib lo EDS. Ens. Co. GENT. In the Co. Gents of Dec. 15 last, webs find the principle of Balloon Frames pretty well illus q trated by G. E. WooDWARD of the city of New-York. The cuts and explanations there given, are worthy the to careful study of all who ever intend to erect any frame b

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A. Feeding Rooms, 8 by 10 feet-B. Sleeping Rooms, 5 by 8 feet -0. Entrance door for hogs d. Blind windows-E. Driveway, 30 by 10 ft, -F. Feeding Troughs.

For each feeding-pen and sleeping-room, put in a heavy blind, hung on hinges, to allow ventilation when opened or shut. Through this place the manure is removed from the pens. Lower floor made of two inch plank. Troughs and spouts of oak stuff. Other lumber can be all of pine.

For ceiling on the outside row of studs around the pens and partitions, use inch boards, ceiling on each side of driveway 24 feet high. Doors 8 feet square, or double, fasened in the center of each. One large glass window in each gable. The four pens will hold each from 6 to 8 common sized fatting hogs. The space over hog-rooms, will hold, if 8 feet wide and 8 feet high and 30 long, 625 bushels of corn in the ear on each side of the driveway. If more corn is on hand and wants a shelter, nail a few narrow boards to the center and outside studs, just below the plates-ceil up with any culls of boards, and put up the corn even against the rafters. Then if there is more corn d3 still, take joists 2 by 9 inches, and put them over the d driveway, eight feet, from the floor; lay on some looses boards, drive in the load and throw it up. Put in the joists as you proceed, and a few of the last loads can be d put up while the team is out of the back door and the pa wagon inside. Fill up, even to the very ridges now aia

End View of Frame before Boarding. The building is 24 by 30 feet, resting upon four parallel walls (no walls are needed across the end)-well raised from the ground. These walls should be laid with mortar and well done, as we will have considerable weight for them to support before we get through. Our wall and timber being ready, we will now commence to put it to gether. Sills 2 by 6 inches, halved and nailed at the corners. Two studs 4 by 4, for corners, and eighteen studs 2 by 4 each, 12 feet long, with gains 1 by 4 inches, four feet from each end for outside, and also one gain 1 by 4, By this time we have a building 24 by 30 feet, 30 fat-sid five feet from the lower ends for inside. Into these gains are put oak slats 1 by 4 inches, and nailed. On the ends, ting hogs, and about 2,000 bushels of corn. When you pe for upper part, nail on a board 1 by 4 inches. Make an wish to prepare corn for market, the corn-sheller is placed vs other to match. We now have the two outside bents. in the alley, the corn shelled and sacked. Two men, witho Raise plumb and stay lath. The two inside rows of studs a good machine, will sack from 100 to 150 bushels peron or bents, made of studs 3 oy 4 inches, and same distance day. The alley can also be used to put in many farming t apart of the outside rows. The outside or end ones, must tools, or even will make a good and convenient place for na be 4 by 4; to these the doors are hung. Gains are cut 1 the carriages, s in the hog-rooms more than the store s there will legs, &c. After the hogs are butchered m hogs will need. There will be a fine place to shelter andr pa diwana Jog ai usa era feed calves. The amount of lumber, all in board measure, will bebot about 7,000 feet. Entire cost of materials, paint, &c.ob about $140. As there are many a western farmer who offe fattens over thirty hogs, if he builds after this plan all he dr has to do is to add in length to suit his conveniences Insu Rock Island Co., Ill C. G. TAYLOR.

by 4, live fe
feet from the lower ends, into which are placed

oak slats to correspond with the outside slat. These studs
are of sufficient length to reach and unite with the rafters.
The end studding, 2 by 4, are now put up. The corners
and door posts 4 by 4, as already described, with slats as
represented in the end view, oolled to siquan

The floor joists are 2 by 6, placed edgewise by the side
of the studs, and spiked to the sills and studs. Nails
driven as represented in annexed figure in to you run

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