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LL KINDS OF AGRICULTURAL BOOKS. Farmers, Gardeners, Nurserymen, Fruit-growers, Dairymen, Cattle Dealers, and all persons interested in tilling the soil or adorning their grounds and dwellings, will be supplied with the most complete as sortment of Books relating to their business that can be found in the world, by

PROC. M. SAXTON, BARKER & CO., Agricultural Booksellers and Publishers of the Horticulturist, No. 25 Park Row, New-York, Catalogues gratis. Books sent by mail, AGENTS WANTED. Mar 15--w13tm3t

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SHARES PATENT MPROVED CULTIVATING AND HILLING MACHINE. Price $10-Weight 80 Pounds. This Implement is recommended for Cultivating and hoeing Corn, Potatoes, Peas, Beans, Cotton, and any other crop that requires hoe ing. The wings contract and expand to suit any width of rows. It passes between the rows, the share shaving the weeds from the cen ter of the furrow, shoving them outward until they come to the teeth. which turn inward on each side and turn them back again into the furrow, and also the weeds that grow on the sides of the furrow, and buries them so deep that no ordinary shower will wash them outleaving the earth perfectly mellow; and it can run close to the plants without injuring them. When the plants require hilling, the teeth are taken off, and the wings shove the earth up under the plants, instead of rolling it like a double mold plow and covering them up, and the circle in the back part of the wings shapes the hills. For further information apply to W. W. EGGLESTON, 84 State st., Albany, N. Y. Dealer in all kinds of Seeds and Implements. May 10-w6tm2t

AGRICULTURAL

Jangan HORSE HOES, expanding.

IMPLEMENTS.

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LAWTON BLACKBERRY.-To

obtain the original variety for field or garden culture, address WM. LAWTON, New Rochelle, N. Y. Circulars, with ample directions, will be forwarded to all appli cants, free. Aug. 1-m12t.

T. I.

GRANT & CO., PATENT

GRAIN CRADLE.

They are so improved as to be taken down and packed in boxes for transportation. One dozen can be packed in a box of about six cubic feet. We also make the Grapevine Cradle. All of the above are made of the best material and workmanship. For Price List, address 1. T. GRANT & CO. May 1-m1 Junction, Rensselaer Co., N. Y.

I. T. GRANT'S PATENT DOUBLE BLAST aeb992 21- FAN MILLS.

They will chaff and screen wheat in passing through the mill once, in the most perfect manner, and all kinds of grain and seed. War" ranted the very best in use.

Patent Rights for sale of all the Western States.

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Address

I. T. GRANT & CO., Junction, Rensselaer Co.. N. Y.

WHITMAN & CO., BALTIMORE, MD., Inventors and Manufacturers of the most improved Agricul tural Implements and Machinery adapted to American and Foreign trade. Their long experience in this business has given them an extensive foreign correspondence and acquaintance, which, together with their facilities for manufacturing, enables them to compete successfully with any part of the world in the manufacture of Agricultural Machinery.

They manufacture Horse-powers and Threshers, Reapers and Mowers, Corir Shellers, Straw Cutters, Plows and Castings, and every variety of goods in their line of business, Foreign and home orders are solicited. and will meet with prompt attention. May 10-wtf. E. WHITMAN & Co., Baltimore, Md.

A CARD.

ORSEY'S SELF RAKING REAPER AND

public that they are still engaged in the manufacturing of this celebrated Machine, at their shop near MATTHEW'S STORE P. Office, HOWARD COUNTY, MD., and are prepared to fill orders at any time. Circulars containing certificates, terms, and all other particulars, sent postpaid to all who may apply to us as above. OWEN DORSEY & CO. Ap. 26-w8t.

WOOD'S

WOOD'S IMPROVED MOWING MACHINE for 1860. Patented Feb. 22, 1859. The success of this Mower during the past harvest is without a paralthe farmers a mower at a less price than any in use, one that was lel in the history of Mowing Machines. In introducing it, I offered to light, durable, and capable of doing perfect work. It has performed more than I claimed for it; the reduction in price and draft is equal to 25 per cent., as the trials and tests show, (see my pamphlets for 1860.) I have added some improvements to it for this year-a lever arrangement for raising the cutter-bar, some of the parts are strengthened, and the driving-wheels are enlarged.

I continue to manufacture, as heretofore, Manny's celebrated Combined Reaper and Mower; with Wood's Improvement, this machine fully maintains its reputation as the best Combined Reaper and Mower yet introduced, and inferior to none as a Reaper or Mower.

I have added to this machine a Self-Raking attachment of my own invention, the most simple in its structure and mode of operation of anything of the kind ever offered to the public. Price of two-horse Mower, delivered here on the cars,. one-horse do. do. do. do. Combined Machine, do. do. do. with Self-Raking Attachment, WALTER A. WOOD, Hoosick Falls, N. Y.

Ap. 26-w10t

Do.

$80

70

120

140

WOOD'S NEW MOWER.—

G REAT CURIOSITY.-Particulars sen The above machine for either one or two horses, tried so successfully

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last season, is for sale by the undersigned sole agents in Philadelphia, at $75 and $85. In all the requisites for easy draft, light weight, clean and perfect cutting, simplicity and strength, it is not equalled by any thing in the market. Early applications necessary to secure machines. Also, for sale as heretofore, Manny's Combined Reaper and Mower. Price, $125, with all the recent improvements. PASCHALL MORRIS, Agricultural and Seed Warehouse, Seventh and Market Streets, Philadelphia. Ap. 5-w13t.

GRAHAM, EMLEN & PASSMORE,

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MILCH COWS AND DAIRY FARMING;

Comprising the Breeds, Breeding, and Management in Health and Disease, of Dairy and other Stock; the selection of Milch Cows, with a full explanation of Guenon's Method, the Culture of Forage Plants, and the production of Milk, Butter and Cheese; embodying the most recent improvements, and adapted to Farming in the United States and British Provinces. With a Treatise upon the Dairy Hus. bandry of Holland; to which is added Horsfall's System of Dairy Management. By CHARLES L. FLINT, Secretary of the Massachu setts Board of Agriculture; Author of A Treatise on Grasses and Forage Plants," &c. Liberally Illustrated.

The above valuable work-the best, we have no hesitation in saying yet issued upon the subject-is for sale at the office of this paper. Albany, Jan. 1-w&mtf. L. TUCKER & SON. EO. F. CURWEN, WEST HAVERFORD, Delaware County, Pa., Breeder of DEVON CATTLE and ES SEX HOGS. Feb. 9-w14t

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189

More about Ringbone, by P..

190

The Management of the Colt, by A CONSTANT READER,.

193

Sheep Troughs and Racks, by J. T. H.,.

193

HORTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT.

An Ingenious and Simple Garden Seat,.

171

181

Catterpillars on Fruit Trees, by J. H. H...

188 182

Veneered Houses, by W. S. HAND,..

174

THE DAIRY DEPARTMENT.

Product of a Native Cow, by L.,

181

Dairy Pastures-Manuring or Top Dressing,.

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Live Stock-Merits of Different Breeds-Pleuro-Pneumonia, &c.,

The Pleuro-Pneumonia in Massachusetts, by GEORGE,.

Raising Evergreens from Seed..

Effects of Climate on Flowers, by G. B. H.,

RURAL IMPROVEMENT.

181

ENDLESS CHAIN POWERS for One, Two and Three Horses.
COMBINED THRESHERS AND WINNOWERS.
THRESHERS with Vibrating Separators.

CLOVER MACHINES, WOOD SAWS, and DOG POWERS.
Also MALES' PATENT CONVERTIBLE CORN SHELLER AND
CIDER MILL, which is a very desirable machine for farmers, and
will compare favorably with any other machine in either shelling corn
or grinding apples for cider.

Full descriptions of all these machines, prices and terms, may be found in our Descriptive Circular, which will be furnished to all ap plicants.

We give below a statement relative to our Two-Horse Endless Chain 184 Powers and Combined Threshers and Winnowers, made in course of 186 correspondence by Volney Beinap, of North East, Pa. It gives a fair 187 idea of their capacity when well operated. He says of his machine, 188 which is the first of four sent into that neighborhood, the first one you sent is thought rather the best:

"I have threshed 108 bushels of wheat in 2 hours and 59 minutes, without stopping. and not a wet hair on my horses. I also threshed 140 bushels of oats in 1 one hour and 35 minutes, and the oats very damp at that."

FOR CIRCULARS

Or any desired information relating to these machines, address
G. WESTINGHOUSE & CO.,
Schenectady, N. Y.
May 24-weow6tm2t.

RAIN TILE.-The subscribers are prepared to furnish DRAINING TILE of the first quality, cut 14 inches in length, with a calibre--have on hand in large or small quanties for Land Draining, ROUND, SOLE AND HORSE-SHOE TILE. We warrant every Tile to be hard burned and perfectly round.

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184

DOMESTIC ECONOMY.

How to Make a Cheap Paint,

174

Recipe for a Good Varnish, by D. SHALLENBERGER,

183

To Destroy Red Ants,

183

How to Cook Clams and Oysters, by B.,.

183

Beef Barrels for Pork Packing,

184

How to Make a Washing Machine,

185

THE POULTRY YARD.

Roup in Fowls, Homoeopathic Treatment, by C. N. BEMENT, .....

183

THE BEE-KEEPER'S DEPARTMENT.

How to Drive Bees, by M. M. BALDRIDGE,

183

The Bee Moth, by N. A. C..

183

Best Time to Drive Bees, by R. C....

188

ILLUSTRATIONS.

A Garden Seat,

171

Short-Horn Cow Perfection,

184

185

Washing Machine,

Orders from all parts promptly attended to, and practical Drainers furnished if required.

We will not be undersold by any manufacturer in the United States.
Price List sent on application.

All Tile delivered free of charge on board cars or boat, in this City.
Factory on the Western Plank Road near the Asylum.

MCBRIDE & CO..
(formerly Artcher & Alderson,) Albany, N. Y.
GUANO,

Government Brand and Weight on every bag.
SUPERPHOSPHATE OF LIME

BONE DUST, LAND PLASTER, &c.

GRAPES IN POTS DURING SUMMER. For a Circularantities to suit purchasers, at lowest market price, Send

WM. R. PRINCE & Co. Flushing, N. Y., will supply all Native and Foreign Grapes in pots, or taken from pots and boxed for safe transportation, at the REDUCED PRICES stated by us in the "Country Gen. tleman" of March 22d.

N. B. A Descriptive Catalogue will be sent to purchasers.
May 24-w&mli.

Mar 1-w&m3ms

A.

34 Cliff street, New-York.

ALBANY TILE WORKS,

CORNER CLINTON AVENUE AND KNOX STREET, ALBANY, N. Y. The Subscribers, being the most extensive manufacturers of DRAINING TILE in the United States, have on hand, in large or small quantities, for Land Draining. ROUND, SOLE and HORSE-SHOR TILE over one foot in length. Orders solicited. Price List sent on applicaC. & W. McCAMMON, Albany, N. Y. Jan. 5-wtf.-Feb 1-mtf.

URE CHESTER COUNTY PIGS, warranted superior to any made in this country, hard-burned, and

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UNDER-DRAINING. SHEDD & EDSON,

AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS AND SURVEYORS, No. 42 Court st.. BOSTON, Mass., having bad several years' experience in this department, will continue to act as Consulting Engineers on al kinds of Farm Improvement. Special attention is also given to ma King SURVEYS, LEVELS, and PLANS for Drainage, and other Farm Work. Plans furnished which show accurately the surface undula tions, the buildings, orchards, and all else that appertains to a farm. WILLIAM EDSON. J. HERBERT SHEDD, Mar 8-w15t

May 24-wtfm2t

NO. 1 PERUVIAN

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PUBLISHED BY LUTHER TUCKER & S
UBLISHED BY LUTHER TUCKER & SON,

J. J. THOMAS, ASSOCIATE EDITOR, UNION SPRINGS, N. Y.
AGENTS IN NEW-YORK:

C. M. SAXTON, BARKER & Co., Ag. Book Publishers, 25 Park Row.
THE CULTIVATOR has been published twenty-six years. A NEW
SRRIES was commenced in 1853, and the seven volumes for 1853, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8 and 9, can be furnished, bound and post-paid, at $1.00 each.

TERMS-FIFTY CENTS A YEAR.-Ten copies of the CULTIVATOR and

Ten of the ANNUAL REGISTER OF RURAL AFFAIRS, with one of each

free to the Agent, Five Dollars.

"THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN," a weekly Agricultural Journal of 16 quarto pages, making two vols. yearly of 416 pages, at $2.00 per year, is issued by the same publishers.

No. XXXII---Farther Glimpses of Norfolk. If there was any where an excuse for prolixity or repetition in these notes, it might perhaps exist with reference to the agriculture of a County in which such results are obtained as those we have already seen crowning the labors of the farmers of Norfolk.

The last stage reached in the course of this narrative left me at Elmham, not quite an hour and a half by rail, northwest from the city of Norwich,-where, notwithstanding what I have just written, I think there will be room enough for quite an outline, without retracing our steps over any of the ground already traversed.

[SERIES.

No. 7.

It should be remarked however, that Martin ascribes the remoter origin of the breed to the Galloways introduced into these counties for feeding purposes, but modified by crossings and interbreedings, until "their chief qualifications are as milkers, rather than feeders; although, in this latter respect, even the lean cows when dried show no little of the properties of their Galloway progenitors."

Norfolk was in fact formerly quite a dairy county. Mr. Fulcher spoke of the important rank which butter once occupied there as a farm product. But circumstances have combined to "change all this;" feeding has wholly usurped dairying, and, as a consequence, other breeds have somewhat thrown into the shade one, which, as it seems to me, would be-wherever milk as well as beef is an important object-quite as well worth the trial as any which we have yet obtained from the British Islands.

To sustain this opinion, which I first formed from what I saw and heard of the stock at the Suffolk Show at Ipswich, and at one of the farms in that county to which Mr. Crisp kindly accompanied me, I should add that, according to Mr. Fulcher's statements, the cows of this breed will continue in milk eleven months out of the twelve, giving from four to six gallons per day when fresh. Martin quotes two writers, one of whom estimates The home farm of Lord SONDES, cultivated under the 168 lbs. of butter, and the other 184 lbs. as the fair annual management of Mr. FULCHER, consists of about 800 acres. yield of one cow in a year, and adds that an average beIt may be remembered that Nos. 16 and 17 in this series, tween the two statements is probably not far from the contained some account of the estates of the same noble- truth. Mr. Fulcher moreover remarked, that a bullock man in the county of Kent, where the property is in the would weigh from 6 to 7 cwt. at two years old, when fed hands of tenants. Here at Elmham, the establishment for the butcher, and often more; when he could spare any includes quite extensive "preserves," where pheasants and from his Suffolk herd for feeding, he could put them up partridges are not only protected, but, as we shall presently to graze at the age mentioned and sell them at two and a see, actually bred and cared for at considerable expense half, when he could obtain "a penny a pound " (2 cents) and pains; and I understood that the proprietor, with a more for the beef than for that of a pure Short-Horn. If kind of generosity not always found in the land-owners of I do not misinterpret a further memorandum partly obliteEngland, had retained for his own farming, most, if not rated, he mentioned having slaughtered these bullocks at all the land by the cover-side, renting only those farms 50 stone, (720 lbs.,) and Martin has the following parathat are thus least exposed to ravages from the sportsman's graph: "When dried, the Suffolk polled cow acquires a good condition with considerable rapidity, and fattens to forty or forty-five stones; the meat is of good qualitythat, indeed, of the ox very superior."

pets.

A Breeding Herd of Suffolk Polled Cattle. Prominent among the objects of interest to me were the red polled cattle, to which I have before alluded, and which The herd of Suffolks at Elmham was a breeding herd, are here bred with more than usual care. The counties of and several of the animals were so fine that I should much Suffolk and Norfolk both appear to claim the privilege of god-like to have procured an accurate drawing of them for father to the breed, but as I have already spoken of them publication, while as there is nothing of the "fancy" in under the former name, it may be as well to continue it." the prices at which they are held, if any friend had commissioned me to select for him some kind of cattle that would be both novel and serviceable on this side of the water, I think a young thing or two from Lord Sondes' establishment would have certainly had an invitation to America.

I am the more inclined to style this breed the "Suffolk polled" Instead of the Norfolk," because I find in the interesting survey of Norfolk Agriculture by Nathaniel Kent,-a copy of which, printed in 1796, is now before me,-that the author speaks particularly of the introduction of the SUFFOLK polled cow as then becoming quite general; he styles it certainly more profitable" than the previous stock of the country, and says that since its introduction from Suffolk" the credit of home-bred" animals "is much increased."

202

Stock for Feeding---The Sheep. There were about a hundred head of cattle on the place, and nearly 1,200 sheep. Some of the Norfolk farmers, mainly those on the light lands, keep breeding flocks, and produce lambs-principally, as I have stated in speaking of Suffolk farming, from the Suffolk black-faced ewe as the female parent, with a Leicester sire. The breeders dispose of the lambs at Norwich market, or in other ways, when from four to five months old, at from $5 to $7.50 per head, aecording to their quality and the state of the market. The best of them, fed during the winter, sell the April or May after they are one year old, for from $12.50 to $15-having been clipped first, occasionally as early as Feb. 15th, so that part of the price named is for the wool aside from the sheep itself. The preceding spring, for example, I understood that Mr. F.'s sheep sheared 10 lbs., which at the price there paid for the wool, about 36 cents per lb., would diminish the butcher's price for the fat sheep some $3.50 upon the above figures.

If for wool and all, as above stated, the sheep are made to net the feeder $7.50 per head above their cost, it was estimated that two-thirds of this sum would have been paid for the oil cake they had eaten, while out of the remaining $2.50 is to come the attendance and provender they have This goes to show that Mr. Reed was not inan expensive style of agriculture' correct in calling it " which one finds in Norfolk.

also cost.

The custom in buying bullocks, I was told, was for the feeder to pay in the neighborhood of $1 (4s. to 48. 6d.) per stone (14 lbs.) for the estimated weight the "beast" will attain when ready for market, and my informant added that if the price obtained by the feeder on selling reach ed 8s. per stone, the gain was scarcely enough to pay the cost of feeding, which may be estimated at from 8s. to 10s. per head per week-the cattle being bought toward the latter end of October, in tolerably good condition, and fed, say six months, at the rate of say seven pounds per day of oil cake, not infrequently receiving much more than this amount.

It was to the South Down letting of Mr. Webb that I was indebted for the acquaintance of Mr. Fulcher. He had there hired the use of a tup for the season, paying for his services the sum of 35 guineas. This would add 5s. or 66. ($1.25 to $1.50) to the cost of every lamb he would be likely to sire—but the expenditure was still thought an expedient and reasonable one.

the clover stubble-the sward being turned in as heavy as possible. In the spring, wherever the wheat is not sufficiently luxuriant in appearance, about half a cwt. of nitrate of soda mixed with double this quantity of salt would be applied with a machine, for which purpose what is called "Chainbers' broadcast distributor" stands in high esteem. Corroboratively, Mr. Read states that experience proves it more expedient to employ nitrate of soda than guano as a top-dressing, "for, while one takes no sort of harm from the cold dry winds, the other loses much of its virtue when so exposed."

Thirty to forty cubic yards of clay are applied to the light lands once in ten or twelve years, and without this application wheat could not there be made a profitable crop.

Other Regular or Occasional Crops. It has been before mentioned that owing to the recent prevalence of decay in the turnip crop, the growth of mangolds in their stead is generally on the increase. Mr. F. thought that one-third the root crop of the county was now mangolds; according to the estimate made in 1854, already given, there was but about one-tenth the area in this root compared with that occupied by turnips, so that the change during five years becomes at once apparent. The mangolds, on account of the frost, have all to be dug and covered with earth; this labor is entered upon as soon as wheat sowing is over, and costs from 10s. to 15s. Moreover upon turnip land, the sheep are fed per acre. during the winter, receiving daily rations of oil cake, and to supply the place of this dressing which the land does not receive when mangolds are grown, it becomes necessary to sow in this case two cwt. of guano per acre as a preparation for the ensuing barley crop.

A bite for the sheep in May is often obtained by sowing Here the sheep are folded soon as possible after harvest. upon the wheat stubbles four bushels per acre of rye as at night during the month named, the result of which is beneficial to the roots which follow next in the regular order of the course.

It is already known that Norfolk farming has found, in of time to the production of clover, an almost insuperathe apparent repugnance of the land after a certain length ble obstacle. Mr. Fulcher was in the habit of sowing a 4 lbs. of white clover, so that if the first should fail, the peck each of clover seed and rye grass per acre, with 3 or second would give a crop, although wheat does not follow rye grass very kindly. Clover is also alternated with trefoil, so as to come but once in eight years, and, finding it Preparation for the Wheat Crop. an uncertain experiment even at this interval, it is becomIt is a general practice in this part of Norfolk, I was asing more and more common to introduce another alternasured, to spread the "muck," as farm-yard manure is there termed, as soon as possible after haying, upon the clover tion of sainfoin, "taken up at Michaelmas for wheat, just ley, where it remains exposed until plowing in October; as clover would be," so that the same field is only sown to although contrary to received theory, this is regarded the the latter once in twelve years, instead of four or eight as best preparation for the crop of wheat, and if muck enough before. The sainfoin is drilled at the rate of three or is made to provide half the wheat with a thorough dress-four bushels of seed per acre, and is thus a more expening of the kind, the farmer considers himself fortunate. This statement agrees with that made in Mr. Read's essay; he says that" formerly all the manure that could be made on the farm was needed for turnips; now a great breadth of roots is grown with artificials, leaving a large portion of the farm manure to be applied for wheat. It is placed on the ley-ground directly the hay is off, or before the land is plowed for wheat in the autumn."

When there is not manure enough for the wheat, Mr. Fulcher said that the deficiency was made up by the application of about two cwt. of guano per acre plowed in on

sive crop to raise.

Salt is extensively applied as a manure for mangolds, most frequently together with guano, and benefits them both with regard to weight and quality. Mr. Reed thinks that on light lands in seasons of drouth, it appears to ab sorb moisture from the atmosphere, or aid in retaining that which the land already possesses. He speaks of the use

of from 3 to 5 cwt. per acre.

Inroad upon the Gamekeeper's Domains. Forsaking practical topics for awhile after punching the sides of the Suffolk cattle, my conductor drove me to see

the wooded portion of the estate, which embraces perhaps other obligations, he may usefully spend his own time for 160 acres, yielding a regular crop of much importance himself, instead of wasting it at the ale-house, or in that in the husbandry of a county like Norfolk. It is mostly idleness which is perhaps equally as unfavorable to the of hazel, of which about 20 acres are yearly cut over for good temper as Mr. Watts thought it to the morals of a hurdle-making, so that a crop of this sort is here produced family. about every eight years. The gamekeeper piloted us to an open space where there were between 30 and 40 coops of young pheasants, under the maternal care in all cases I believe of the ordinary domestic fowl. I was told that the keeper is paid 28. (nearly 50 cents) apiece for all he raises, paying himself the cost of feeding, which is a large item for four or five hundred young birds with a good appetite. Immense numbers of boiled eggs are used, and this with barley and scraps constitute the chief items in

their bill of fare.

The only objection that I have heard urged to the application of this system to farm labor, is that, while it af fords for mechanics occupied in-doors, in cities or villages, an agreeable change in air and in the kind of toil, to those employed in farm labor it is only a continuance of the same tasks, in the evening which should be a time of rest, at which they have been toiling all the day. This is true, in some measure, but is of little force, it seems to me, from the reason that a laborer with a family is supplied with the means of utilizing the time of young and old at

for others, while, unless in some particular times, the labor upon a quarter or half an acre can scarcely prove burdensome to him and them in comparison with the value of what it yields.

The quantity of game, including under this head-be-home, instead of allowing his wife and children to work side pheasants-partridges, rabbits and hares, although the two latter are sometimes classed as "vermin" by those who suffer from their rapacity-fostered in such preserves, is immense. The numbers killed in the shooting season, too, are very great, and I was told that it is quite customary for landlords, after enjoying this sport with friends, and making presents of the other kinds of game they slaughter, to reserve the pheasants carefully for sale. They command from $1.25 to $1.50 per brace at market, and as they are bred by artificial means involving much expense, it is thought just and proper that they should be made, if possible, to pay their way wholly or partly-an arrangement of which previously I had no expectation, having always supposed the production of such birds to be entirely a matter of luxury and amusement, instead of one verging upon the character of any other business transaction. Through the fields of tenants and others, it is quite common to see every dead furrow occupied with a drill or two of buckwheat. It is sown by the landlord, to furnish vision for the partridges, who are very fond of this grain. TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF TENURE under which the cottage tenants

pro

The latter (half an acre,) is the size of Lord SONDES' allotments, and his experience in the matter was such, I understood, as to warrant the highest commendation of the system. We saw certainly as flourishing crops upon these plots, as I anywhere found; the tenants pay promptly their rent, as an almost uniforn rule; and, although there is always some opposition on the part of interested parties to the adoption of a plan involving such changes, it has now been in successful operation long enough here to test it pretty thoroughly. To show the kind of restriction under which these tenants lease their holdings, I have thought it worth the while to copy below the lease and covenants just as they are drawn up, for the privilege of presenting which, I am indebted, with other favors, to Mr. Fulcher's attention:

of the Right Hon. George John Lord Sondes, hold their respective occupations in the County of Norfolk.

The rent to be paid by four equal quarterly payments, (if demand

ed.) that is to say, on the Sixth day of January, the Sixth day of April, the Sixth day of July, and the Eleventh day of October in each year, and if not previously demanded, the whole rent due to be regularly

paid on the Eleventh day of October.

The landlord reserves all marl, brickearth, gravel, sand and stones, fruit trees and bushes, (but not the fruit thereof,) and other trees

growing on any of the fences, gardens, borders, and premises.

valuation for the succeeding tenant,

As children, we have shuddered at the old English custom of gibbeting criminals in chains, associating every gloomy cross-road with the ghosts of highwaymen and murderers, and the clanking of horrid irons, swinging with their burden of lawless and outlawed humanity in every sudden breeze that rustled through the leaves. If ner, also to clean and brush the hedges, and to keep both free from The tenant to cultivate the gardens in a good and husbandlike manhappily these sights are no longer found in our day, crim-weeds, and the vegetables growing in the garden to be left at a fair inals of another sort are still the subjects of a somewhat similar posthumous exhibition; every kind of winged or quadrupedal foe with which the gamekeeper has to contend, is hung upon some convenient tree, or elsewhere impaled as soon as shot, a testimony to his vigilance and prowess, as well as answering as a warning, it is to be hoped, to their marauding comrades.

The Allotment System.

The tenant not to under-let, or take in lodgers on any part of the premises.

Three months' notice in writing given by either landlord or tenant, on one of the above named quarter days, shall be a sufficient notice for the tenant to quit, and deliver up possession of the cottage, garden, and premises to the Landlord or his agent on the next quarter day following the receipt of such notice. outhouses, called is this day, admitted tenant of the cottage, garden, and

situated at

The rent of the above named holding be at the rate of pounds, shillings, -pence a year, and to commence from the day

of 18

I hereby agree to pay the rent, and to perform the covenants and agreements hereinbefore reserved, and to quit and yield up possession of the occupation on receiving the notice herein agreed to. Dated this

day of 18

COVENANT ANNEXED,

The occupier to pay poor's and surveyor's rates.

If any occupier be convicted of felony, or offence against the laws

Among numerous other points of interest, there is one to which I cannot forbear referring, even at the risk of The occupation of the Allotment not to interfere with the weekly rendering my chapter too long. What is termed the Al- labor, but to cultivate at leisure hours, before or after the day's work of his master by whom employed; and on no account shall any labor lotment system—that is, the letting to laborers, or "cot-be done on a Sunday. tage tenants," of small pieces of land for their own culti-of his country, he or she shall be immediately dispossessed of his or vation in out-of-work-hours-has been practiced extensively by Lord SONDES, and is an additional proof of his efforts to fulfil in the largest sense the duties of a proprietor and landlord.

her occupation.

The occupier to farm and crop in such manner as may be most bene.

ficial to himself, without taking two corn crops in succession; but the

four-course system is recommended.

The portion of land where wheat shall have been grown, to be properly cleared of foul grass as soon as can conveniently be done, between the Michaelmas and Christmas day following.

It is scarcely necessary to argue at length the advantages Summer weeding, to prevent seeding, be strictly attended to. The straw grown on allotment to be made into muck, and expendwhich can but result from the occupancy by the working-ed on the same; but on giving up the said allotment, the straw to be

man, of a tract of land where his own family may feel left thereon for the use of the landlord.

themselves at home, where the labors of all may be employed to good advantage, and where, when free from

The rent of the said allotment to commence from the 11th October, 18, at yearly payment of £with the addition of the aforesaid rates. October in every year; and in case of default the land to be forfeited. The said yearly rent and rates to be paid and cleared up on the 11th

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