This machine combines all the advantages of the common Thresher with the over-shot cylinder, adjustable concave and changeable fea tures, for left or right hand working, so long manufactured by the proprietors. It also has the journals of its cylinder hung in universal boxes or bearings, thereby always avoiding any binding and friction between them. This machine is furnished with a Fan, placed beneath the feeder's table, which is driven by an outside pulley, over which the main band passes and drives it in its circuit from the Horse-Power to the pulley of the threshing cylinder. A Shoe, with screens and sieves, is also placed partly under and after the cylinder, and is similar to that in a common hand grain fanning-mill, except the sieves and screens, which are all of an improved and peculiar construction. This frame-work is extended some six to eight feet in length aft the center of the cylinder, and is lined up its sides, and covered over the top. Within this extended and enclosed portion of the frame are placed a light wood riddle, filling the whole area, and with a close wood bottom directly beneath it. Both riddle and bottom receive a vibratory motion endwise, but in contrary directions, so that while the riddle serves to separate the straw from the grain, and carry it off at the extreme end, the tight bottom serves to convey rapidly and steadily the chaff and grain which has fallen from the riddle upon it, back towards the cylinder, and discharging it directly upon the fingerboard of the shoe. Among the most important improvements introduced by the proprietors in their machine, and which have given it its wide celebrity and its extensive use during the last two harvests, are the following. which need but be known to be appreciated. First, an endless apron of canvas, with hard wood slats extending crosswise the machine, which are about two inches wide and two inches from centers, and three-eighths of an inch thick, and confined edgewise to the endless apron, and with lugs at the ends, so as to form cells between the slats when moving in a plane, for receiving, holding and conveying the grain, while the straw and coarse chaff are suspended upon their edges and from the grain in the cells. This apron is placed immediately at the discharging side of the cylinder, and at an inclination upwards and nearly parallel with the inclined portion of the top of the machine, as seen in the cut. It is well known that in all over-shot machines the grain and straw are discharged at different angles, the grain taking a more downward direction, while the straw is carried higher and farther from the mach'ne, and if allowed would strike the floor separately, and form almost a perfect separation in the operation. This endless apron is so placed in relation to the cylinder, as to avail itself of this described first and almost perfect separation of the grain and straw, making at a low estimate Ninety Per Cent of the entire separation at this point. The apron moving rapidly in the same direction with the grain, the concussion upon its slats is so slight as not to fracture the kernels of the most tender kinds of grain, and causes little or no wear upon the slats from the same cause. At the upper end of this apron, the grain from the cells falls directly upon the inner end of the tight bottom, by which it is conducted with the riddled grain to the shoe as before described, while the straw is caught by a revolving beater with strong iron teeth, which teeth, as it revolves, are projected outward, and comb rapidly forward the straw, tossing and opening it for the free discharge of any grains which may be retained in it. These teeth, on their circuit with the beater, recede within the beater at each revolution during the returning part of its circuit, thereby avoiding the possibility of clogging or winding of the straw upon it. Another feature is several series of wood fingers, lying within and upon the straw riddle: these fingers are about twenty inches long, and with each vibration of the riddle, are made to rise and fall several inches, thus virtually suspending the straw and agitating it at the same time. These fingers are very light, and move without noise, and require but a moiety of force for their action. This machine, as shown by its frame work, is found sufficient for FARM FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE. The subscriber has a farm containing 100 acres situated in Prince Wm's Co., Virginia, which he wishes to sell, or exchange for a blackSiaith's stand, or a small farm in the State of New-York. For further particulars address WM. WAKEFIELD, June 28-w2mlt.* Occoquan, Prince Wms. Co., Va. TH HOROUGHBRED AYRSHIRES AND The undersigned having offered his residence for sale, will dispose of his entire stock of Thorough-Bred Cattle at reduced rates, in lots to suit purchasers. There are several animals of great merit in this herd, which are only rarely to be secured. Will also sell his stock of Horses and Colts, including three of the best Stallions of their age that can be shown. For particulars address ALFRED M. TREADWELL, Madison, Morris Co., New-Jersey, or 45 Fulton-st., New-York City. June 28-w4tm2t. THE BEST IN THE WORLD. The Mower has been for many years the leading one in this country. It has been oftener victorious in honest trials among intelligent farmers, than any other. It has also become the leading Mower in Great Britain and France. In the severest tests ever applied to mowers in Europe, it has easily beaten all competitors. The Emperor Napoleon has several Allen Mowers at work on the Royal farms. Eminent agriculturists in various parts of Europe give them the preference over all others. They are celebrated for light draft, perfection and rapidity of work, simplicity, great strength and durability. A platform can be attached at the expense of $10, which makes them the best and most economical reapers in use. Grain Cradles and Scythes for meadows and lawns. Horse and hand, hay and gleaning rakes, with steel and wood teeth, with and without wheels. Unloading forks, by the use of which a horse is enabled to do the severest work of the season. THRESHERS AND WINNOWING MACHINES AND HORSE POWERS. Cider, Wine and Fruit Mills and Presses. Corn Shellers and Hay Cutters for hand and horse power. &c. SCHENE The Proprietors of these Works manufacture LEVER POWERS for from Four to Eight Horses. ENDLESS CHAIN POWERS for One, Two and Three Horses. COMBINED THRESHERS AND WINNOWERS. THRESHERS with Vibrating Separators. CLOVER MACHINES, WOOD SAWS, and DOG POWERS. Also MALES PATENT CONVERTIBLE CORN SHELLER AND CIDER MILL, which is a very desirable machine for farmers, and will compare favorably with any other machine in either shelling corn or grinding apples for cider. Full descriptions of all these machines, prices and terms, may be found in our Descriptive Circular, which will be furnished to all applicants. We give below a statement relative to our Two-Horse Endless Chain Powers and Combined Threshers and Winnowers, made in course of correspondence by Volney Beinap, of North East, Pa. It gives a fair idea of their capacity when well operated. He says of his machine, which is the first of four sent into that neighborhood, the first one you sent is thought rather the best: "I have threshed 108 bushels of wheat in 2 hours and 59 minutes, without stopping. and not a wet hair on my horses. I also threshed 140 bushels of oats in 1 one hour and 35 minutes, and the oats very damp at that." FOR CIRCULARS Or any desired information relating to these machines, address SOLE TILE furnished if required. We will not be undersold by any manufacturer in the United States. ΑΙ LBANY TILE WORKS, CORNER CLINTON AVENUE AND KNOX STREET, ALBANY, N. Y. The Subscribers, being the most extensive manufacturers of DRAINING TILE in the United States, have on hand, in large or small quantities, for Land Draining, ROUND, SOLE and HORSE-SHOE TILE warranted superior to any made in this country, hard-burned, and over one foot in length. Orders solicited. Price List sent on application. C. & W. McCAMMON, Jan. 5-wtf.-Feb 1-mtf. Albany, N. Y. NOTICE TO FRUIT GROWERS. I have for sale a number of volumes of the FRUIT AND INSECTS of the STATE NATURAL HISTORY, with colored plates and descriptive letter press. Will be sold low to early applicants. HARRY E. PEASE, Lithographic Engraver and Painter, May 3-w3tm3t 518 Broadway, Albany, N. Y. I. T. GRANT & CO., PATENT GRAIN CRADLE. cants, free. I' SHARES PATENT IMPROVED CULTIVATING AND HILLING MACHINE. Price $10-Weight 80 Pounds. Potatoes, Peas, Beans, Cotton, and any other crop that requires hoe This Implement is recommended for Cultivating and hoeing Corn, ing. The wings contract and expand to suit any width of rows. It passes between the rows, the share shaving the weeds from the cen ter of the furrow, shoving them outward until they come to the teeth. which turn inward on each side and turn them back again into the furrow, and also the weeds that grow on the sides of the furrow, and buries them so deep that no ordinary shower will wash them outleaving the earth perfectly mellow; and it can run close to the plants without injuring them. When the plants require hilling, the teeth are taken off, and the wings shove the earth up under the plants, instead of rolling it like a double mold plow and covering them up, and the circle in the back part of the wings shapes the hills. For further information apply to W. W. EGGLESTON, 84 State st., Albany, N. Y. Dealer in all kinds of Seeds and Implements. May 10-wolma Address Patent Rights for sale of all the Western States. I. T. GRANT & CO. do. do., do.... do., (extra,). Also Round and Prickly Spinach, each,. 50 75 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 .$1 00 Rose Colored Chinese Winter Radish, per oz. 20c., per lb.,.. 1 50 M. THORBURN & CO., 15 John street, New-York. June 14-w6t. Inventors and Manufacturers of the most improved Agricul E. WHITMAN & CO. BALTIMORE, MD., WOOD'S IMPROVED MOWING MACHINE Implements and Machinery adapted to American and Foreign for 1860. Patented Feb. 22, 1859. The success of this Mower during the past harvest is without a paralJel in the history of Mowing Machines. In introducing it, I offered to the farmers a mower at a less price than any in use, one that was light, durable, and capable of doing perfect work. It has performed inore than I claimed for it; the reduction in price and draft is equal to 25 per cent., as the trials and tests show, (see my pamphlets for 1860.) I have added some improvements to it for this year-a lever arrangement for raising the cutter-bar, some of the parts are strengthened, and the driving wheels are enlarged. I continue to manufacture, as heretofore, Manny's celebrated Combined Reaper and Mower; with Wood's Improvement, this machine fully maintains its reputation as the best Combined Reaper and Mower yet introduced, and inferior to none as a Reaper or Mower. I have added to this machine a Self-Raking attachment of my own invention, the most simple in its structure and mode of operation of anything of the kind ever offered to the public. Price of two-horse Mower, delivered here on the cars,. Their long experience in this business has given them an extensive foreign correspondence and acquaintance, which, together with their facilities for manufacturing, enables them to compete successfully with any part of the world in the manufacture of Agricultural Machinery. They manufacture Horse-powers and Threshers, Reapers and Mowers, Corn Shellers, Straw Cutters, Plows and Castings, and every variety of goods in their line of business. Foreign and home orders are solicited, and will meet with prompt attention. May 10-wtf. E. WHITMAN & Co., Baltimore, Md. A CARD. ORSEY'S SELF RAKING REAPER AND public that they are still engaged in the manufacturing of this celebrated Machine, at their shop near MATTHEW'S STORE P. Office, HowARD $80 COUNTY, MD., and are prepared to fill orders at any time. Circulars containing certificates, terms, and all other particulars, sent postpaid 120 to all who may apply to us as above. OWEN DORSEY & CO. Ap. 26-w8t. 140 WOOD'S NEW MOWER. ALL KINDS OF AGRICULTURAL BOOKS. The above machinele by the undersigned sole agents in Philadelphia. Farmers, Gardeners, Nurserymen, Fruit-growers, Dairymen, Cattle C. M. SAXTON, BARKER & CO., BOARDMAN, GRAY PIANOS at $75 and $85. In all the requisites for easy draft, light weight, clean June 7-w6t. WILLIAM KELLY, Ellerslie Farm, one mile South of Rhinebeck Station, Hudson River Railroad. YRSHIRES The AYRSHIRE BULL DUNDEE 7TH, to which was awarded the first prize by the N. Y. S. Ag. Society last fall. Inquire of May 31-w4t HORT-HORNS BOARDMAN, GRAY & CO., Manufacturers, SH Ap5-w&mtf ALBANY, N. Y. E. P. PRENTICE, Mount Hope, near Albany. FOR SALE. The subscriber, intending to give up breeding, wishes to dispose of his entire herd of Short-Horns. The animals are all young and in ve ry fine order-either imported or the produce of Imported Cows, and got by Imported Bulls, all descended from the celebrated herd of the ces. Enquire of May 24-wif LETTERS ON MODERN AGRICULTURE, late Mr. Hates. They will be sold sing HERMAN WENDELLA P by Baron Von Liebig-just published, and for sale at this Office. Sent by mall, post-paid, for $1. Contents of this Number. THE FARM. EDITORIAL NOTES ABROAD,. Farther Glimpses of Norfolk,. Other Regular or Occasional Crops, The Allotment System of Great Britain,. Trial of the Mole Plow at Union Springs,. Duane's Seeding Machine, Experience with the Mole Plow, by H. R. JEROME and A. P., Oats-Importance of Change of Seed,... Lois Weedon System of Wheat Culture,.. How to Lay Tile, by E. J. P.... Notes from the Connecticut Valley,. General System of Farming, Inquiries and Answers.. Oats and Carrots Grown Together, by M. S. K. Disintegration of Soil, by G. P. S... Draining-its Importance and Results, by JOHN JOHNSTON,. A Fly Proof Wheat, by ISAAC DILLON,. 208 210 212 212 214 215 216 217 SPANISH Jan. 26-wlyr. Shaftsbury, Vt. Just Published, one vol. 12 mo.-$1.25. MILCH COWS AND DAIRY FARMING; Comprising the Breeds. Breeding, and Management in Health 213 and Disease, of Dairy and other Stock; the selection of Milch Cows, with a full explanation of Guenon's Method, the Culture of Forage Plants, and the production of Milk, Butter and Cheese; embodying the most recent improvements, and adapted to Farming in the United States and British Provinces. With a Treatise upon the Dairy Hus221 bandry of Holland; to which is added Horsfall's System of Dairy 222 Management, By CHARLES L. FLINT, Secretary of the Massachu setts Board of Agriculture; Author of "A Treatise on Grasses and Forage Plants," &c. Liberally Illustrated. 226 228 The above valuable work-the best, we have no hesitation in saying yet issued upon the subject-is for sale at the office of this paper. Albany, Jan. 1-w&nitf. L. TUCKER & SON. THE YALE LECTURES.-Now Ready and for sale at this Office.-" OUTLINES OF THE First Course of YALR AGRICULTURAL LECTURES, Cloth-50 cents. Paper-25 cents-either edition sent by mail, postpaid, on receipt of the price named. Early May Wheat, by ANTHONY KILLGORE, 225 Notes for the Month, Unloading Hay, by G. H. GREGG,.. C. M. 215 201 202 Herd of Suffolk Polled Cattle.. Stock for Feeding-the Sheep,. Feeding Lean Cattle for Beef, by B..... Results of Mr. Alexander's Sale, 204 216 220 225 Live Stock of Franklin County, Mass., Coarse vs. Fine Wooled Sheep, by JURIAN WINNE,. M. CLAY, Breeder of Pure SHORT HORN PIGS, Whitehall P, O., Madison Co., Ky. Dec. 1-wtf A Book for Every Farm-House. COUNTRY LIFE-A Handbook of Agri 209 Copeland. Beautifully Illustrated. Price, common edition, $2-Fine, $3. For sale by L. TUCKER & SON, Co. Gent, office, Albany. 212 209 AMERICAN Adition enumeration and description of useful plants and weeds, which merit DOWNING'S FRUIT AND FRUIT TREES paid, at $1.75. Just Published, and for Sale at this Office-sent by mail, post BLACK SPANISH EGGS. the notice or require the attention of American agriculturists. By Wm. Darlington, M. D. Every Farmer or Farmer's Son who wishes NOTICE.-I can receive no more orders for these eggs this season. to know the names and character of the plants growing on his farm, I shall, however, have for sale in the fall some VERY fine young fowls should study this book. For sale at the office of the Co. Gent, and for description of which see future advertisement. Cultivator. June 7-wtf. OHN T. ANDREW, WEST CORNWALL, CT., THORLEY'S FEED FOR HORSES AND Јон FACTOR IN IMPROVED STOCK, Breeder of DEVON CATTLE, NEW-OXFORDSHIRE SHREP, &c. Feb. 16-wtf UNDER-DRAINING. SHEDD & EDSON, AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS AND SURVEYORS, No. 42 Court st.. BOSTON, Mass., having had several years' experience in this department, will continue to act as Consulting Engineers on al kinds of Farm Improvement. Special attention is also given to ma king SURVEYS, LEVELS, and PLANS for Drainage, and other Farm Work. Plans furnished which show accurately the surface undulations, the buildings, orchards, and all else that appertains to a farm. J. HERBERT SHEDD. WILLIAM EDSON, Mar 8-w13t Caps rendered anti-mildew, and with improved metal eyelets in the corners; also Dinsmore's patent fasteners, for sale by the subscri bers Prices range from 28 cents to 62 cents, according to size and quality of caps. The articles offered this year are superior to any offered before, and we think are perfectly adapted to the purpose. May 31-m1tw8t HE FRENCH RASPBERRY FOR SALE at $5 per 100; $40 per 1000; $150 per 5,000; needs no winter protection, and bears two annual crops of fruit. Isabella Grapevines, one to two years old, $5 per $100; $40 per 1000; two to three years old, $10 per 100; $75 per 1000; three to four years, $15 per 100; $125 per 1000. Exchanges for Pear Stocks, if desired, will be made. Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Plants in general. RICHARD M. CONKLIN, Evergreen Nursery, Cold Spring Harbor, L. L Sept. 29-wtf. 1 VOL. VIII. P ALBANY, N. Y., AUGUST, 1860. No. 8. UBLISHED BY LUTHER TUCKER & SON, of a silty nature, resting upon clay, and is very fertile EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS, 395 BROADWAY, ALBANY, N. Y. J. J. THOMAS, ASSOCIATE EDITOR, UNION SPRINGS, N. Y. AGENTS IN NEW-YORK: C. M. SAXTON, BARKER & Co., Ag. Book Publishers, 25 Park Row. THE CULTIVATOR has been published twenty-six years. A NEW SERIES was commenced in 1853, and the seven volumes for 1853, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, can be furnished, bound and post-paid, at $1.00 each. TERMS-FIFTY CENTS A YEAR.-Ten copies of the CULTIVATOR and Ten of the ANNUAL REGISTER OF RURAL AFFAIRS, with one of each free to the Agent, Five Dollars. "THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN," a weekly Agricultural Journal kept so by the abundant application of fertilizing material, for English farmers do not depend upon Nature, as many do in our river-bottoms, spontaneously to bring forth grain and herb after their kind, but continually furnish the fields, however rich they may naturally appear, with the additional resources of art. Mr. W. CHAPMAN, whom I visited at Medlam, near New Bolingbroke, was farming, I think, about two hundred of 16 quarto pages, making two vols, yearly of 416 pages, at $2.00 per acres, a part of it his own land-in this respect, as well as year, is issued by the same publishers. Editorial Notes Abroad. No. XXXIII---Farming in Lincolnshire. Not to dwell longer now in Norfolk, although my Notes might bear me out in a chapter or two farther on such a very attractive subject, let me revert for a moment to the Eleventh Letter in this Series, dating from Boston in Lincolnshire, July 25, 1859. Some glimpses were therein given of the practice of one or two Lincolnshire farmers in the northern part of the County, whence, coming down into the more central and eastern district in the vicinity of the city just named, I was obliged to leave a gap in the narrative which it is the purpose of the present writing to fill as well as may be practicable after such an interval of time. The Fens--A Yeoman Farmer. The farms I visited near Boston, were several miles to the northwest of that city, just upon the border of the fen country, and the wolds that rise between it and the higher inland district, known as the moors or Lincoln Heath. The drainage of these fens has been made very complete at a great expense. The original condition of the land was most" deplorable," writes Mr. Clarke of Long-Sutton; "being flooded with deep water every winter, in summer covered with thistles and nettles five feet high, and the annual number of rotten sheep was incredible." The area comprised altogether in what are called the East, West and Wildmore Fens, is about 40,000 acres. A capacious "catch-water" drain was first carried around, along the range of wolds, cutting off their outflow and carrying it away into the river Witham or elsewhere, while the whole surface of the almost perfectly flat lowland was cut over with canals to receive the fen-water at a lower level. These canals receive their contents from open drains, along the roads, between the fields, and wherever, in fact, they can be made serviceable in carrying off the surplus water, and are many of them so large that flat boats come up to bring manures from Boston and take away the produce to market. The soil, where I saw it, is mostly in the close personal attention given by him to his pursuit, reminding me more nearly than any other English farmer I saw, of some of our own best farmers. He was also, I believe the only "yeoman" with whom I spent any time, for this word does not signify in England what we generally take it to mean, the whole "middle class" of agriculturists, but is confined strictly to those who are proprietors as well as cultivators of the soil on which they live. About forty acres were in permanent grass, and the usual stock of the farm was 30 to 35 or 40 "beasts," and about 200 sheep. There were at the time of my visit, however, 220 sheep on the place. The pasturage upon these fens is of it, as compared with arable land, in this particular diswonderfully good, although there is a smaller proportion trict than in many others. Upon 20 acres Mr. C. was then pasturing 94 sheep, 18 beasts, and a mare and foal-the sheep having been there since "Lady Day," April 5, and the cattle since May. The stock is wholly taken off from the pastures from Oct. 15 or Nov. 1, according to season, for about a month, "to ease the land a little;" then it is re-admitted and the pastures again grazed until March, at the rate of about 24 sheep per acre. One "beast" is considered as about an equivalent for four ewes or five yearling lambs. Feeding Sheep and Cattle. The sheep were sheared in May, yielding an average of 10 pounds of wool per head, of a kind that sold last year for about 12s. (say $3) per fleece. Mr. C.'s aim, as a good farmer, was to clip 10 shillings' worth (say $2.50) of wool to every acre of his land. The breed is what is called the Lincolnshire, although, as I have heretofore remarked, a tinge of the Leicester has given more symmetry and earlier flesh-taking capacities to the larger frames of the original "Lincolns." On these fens, however, the Lincoln strain is more in the ascendant than is probably the case on the heath; the character of the climate or pasturage, or both, enables them perhaps to do better justice to a large frame than the upland farmers can, in putting on it a good coating of flesh at an early age. Mr. C. bred most of his own sheep, and considers the lambs to have cost him by the time they are a twelve-month old, about an average of 458. |