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each panel, when they are set on flat stones, as represented in the illustration, and braced with a brace on each side, which are set firmly in the ground with a pick or spade, and the upper ends beveled off and nailed or bolted to the uprights. Two small stakes may be driven on each side of the bottom rail to keep it from being moved sideways. It may be erected on rolling land or up and down slopes, as well as on level ground. It may be used for burdles, or for fencing stacks, or for making pens for stock. The only portion liable to rapid decay is the ends of the braces. The foot of the braces need not be more than twenty The cost of such fence per lineal rod will depend on the value of the materials used, in the locality where it is erected, which any one can compute.

inches from the blocks.

When it is made of boards, the panels may be made in the workshop in the winter or at any time.

It makes a very permanent fence when the braces are firmly set; and the frost of winter will not affect it more than an ordinary rail fence. It has been well tested during the past season, and I have applied the principle to some of my board fence; and I do not hesitate to pronounce it the most permanent surface fence that I have S. EDWARDS TODD. ever met with.

[For the Country Gentleman and Cultivator.] WINTER BARLEY.

Some years ago it was thought that the coldness of the winter in Western New-York would prove a bar against the successful cultivation of winter barley. The same idea was also held in England, although the winter there is comparatively mild.

But this theory has proved to be erroneous, and winter barley is now extensively grown in England, in some counties it having become almost as frequently grown as winter wheat. It has also been found that barley raised from seed grown in the south of England succeeds better in the Northern counties than that grown from seed matured in the colder temperature of the north. It ripens earlier and gives a more certain crop.

It having been demonstrated that barley can be successfully grown in Great Britain as a winter or autumn sown crop, it would be well for us to endeavor to do the same

for it here.

I have no doubt but that it would succeed well anywhere
in the United States south of the 42d degree of north lati-
tude. North of this it would perhaps be too hazardous a
crop, although it has been successfully grown in Canada,
especially in the peninsula lying between lakes Ontario
and Huron, and along the northern shores of lake Ontario.
I saw some winter barley in full ear carly in June, which
had been grown near Ottawa, C. W. Most of that which
I observed is already being harvested, one field near this
city being cut and ready to go into the barn on the 7th of
July.

Winter barley has been cultivated for some few years at
the west, especially in Indiana and Ohio, and in the Chicago
market reports will be found quoted six to ten cents per

bushel higher than spring barley. In New-York it has as
yet been but little cultivated, but wherever it has been
tried it has proved a successful and remunerative crop when
properly attended to, and its culture is extending.

The advantages of growing winter over spring barley
1st. The farmer has more time to prepare his land
are:
get it into good tilth in autumn than spring, when a mul-
tiplicity of work comes on him at once.

2d. He is less dependent on the weather, which is generally such in autumn as will allow of almost any soil being worked to better advantage than in spring.

3d. Less seed is required, as it will tiller out very considerably, especially when sown early.

4th. It blossoms and ripens earlier even than winter wheat, and will thus more easily escape the ravages of the wheat midge, which has recently shown a disposition to attack and commit extensive havoc in spring barley.

5th. It is preferred by the brewers, who will give from 10 to 15 per cent more for it.

The ground intended for winter barley requires much the same preparation as for wheat, and it will amply repay any extra care bestowed upon it. Dry loams are most suitable for it, and the land should be ridged so as to carry The surface soil is better to be made off all surface water.

loose and friable, as the roots are short and spread out near
the surface, and it is found desirable to encourage as much
growth of root as possible before the soil freezes up. The main
pulverized. The time for sowing the seed is the last of Sep-
point is to have the soil rich, well drained, and thoroughly
tember or first week in October, if sown earlier it is apt to get
too heavy a top, and become smothered in winter, should
little enough to sow. If drilled in early, less might do;
the snow be heavy and lie long. Two bushels per acre is
and everything having been properly attended to, forty to
turn for the labor and trouble bestowed on this crop.
sixty bushels per acre may reasonably be expected as a re-
JOHN MACKELCAN, JR.
Hamilton, C. W.

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TURNIPS SOWN AMONG CORN.

A Berks Co.,

In some recent notes from Dutchess Co., we alluded to the practice now becoming quite prevalent there, of putting turnips in between the rows of corn. (Pa.) correspondent of the Germantown Telegraph says: The practice of sowing turnips among Indian corn, at the the last hoeing, and especially where the latter has been thinned by worms or other insects, is one which cannot be too urgently recommended. The turnip is a vegetable which requires less assistance from solar light during the incipient stages of its development, than almost any plant in the whole by the foliage of the corn plants, or the closeness of the atmoscatalogue of edibles; consequently, it is but slightly injured fore the advent of frost, there will be ample time for them to phere thus created. After the corn crop is harvested, and beroot, especially if the soil be well cultivated. Burnt lands, in which the natural vegetative powers of the soil are augmented by the alkaline principles of the ashes, are very favorable to the cultivation of turnips; and when they are sowed among corn on such, they almost invariably produce a lucrative crop. Hundreds of bushels of excellent turnips may frequently be grown in this way without any appreciable Economy is wealth," says the diminution of the corn crop. creasing to some extent his means for future operations and adage, and it is certain no one can practice it long without inenterprises. In this business of producing cheap orops in substitution for the more expensive cereals, we gain several important advantages, among which may be mentioned as not the least prominent, the saving of time, and the realization of a lucrative yield of produce from land prepared for another species of roots or grain. The ravages of insects often prove fatal to many vegetables-especially to Indian corn; and when this happens, unless the vacated land can be filled with wholly idle. some crop of later growth, it must remain, either in part or

Again, the turnip bears late sowing so well that it may be grown on fields from which early vegetables have been taken; it succeeds well after a crop of peas, beans, &c.

Bone manure, wood ashes, lime and poudrette are all excellent articles to be used in the cultivation of turnips. Ground and crushed bones, and bones dissolved in sulphuric acid-itself possessing powerful stimulant and manurial pro.

perties, makes an admirable dressing. Gypsum also, is applied with success, both before and after planting. Green and fermented manures should never be used on this crop.

THE TORNADO IN IOWA.

There are many very curious circumstances connected with that wind. A friend of mine has visited its track, and has given me these facts.

fore them but a life of slavery, with no present pleasures to alleviate. The old house stands close to the road, with not one foot to adorn with shrubbery or flowers, and if there were, they have no time to improve it, for from morning until noon, and from noon until night, all is labor, labor, labor.

Now when those boys shall have grown up and begin to inquire for some plan to escape the slavery to which such a system of labor has doomed them, 'Columella' will say It has generally been said to have been about one quar- they have an aversion to labor, an aversion produced by ter of a mile wide. It did not vary ten rods from three-high mental culture. Now the same advice that I gave quarters of a mile, neither did it vary much in width for to that man I would give to all in like circumstances. Sell many miles. Precisely in the center, a space of about 100 at least 300 acres of your land, and then fit the other 200 feet, the effect was much more severe than the rest of the acres to live on. Select 10 acres and underdrain it to bespace; and in this center all the trees and timber lay gin with. Then, after applying to it all the manure of a north and south, while at the south side the things were single year, with the plow, the cultivator and the harrow, carried east, and at the north side west; and yet there was prepare it for laying down to grass. Then, the next year, much loose materials fell hilter skilter on the top of the another ten acres, and so on for ten years. At the end of first prostration. This rotary motion then, of course, was ten years, or fifteen at the most, his whole farm would profrom west to east on the south side, and from east to west duce more than 1000 acres would in the present condition on the north side. of his land. Under such examples and influences, his boys would become farmers and his girls farmers' wives. Waverly, N. Y.

The crops are not destroyed along the track of the tornado. It was the 3d of June; wheat was not jointed, and although it was swept off, leaving only the root in the ground, it came up again, and now stands at the edge of the track about eight inches lower than that outside, and green and late, supposed to harvest over half as much as the very heavy crops in that region. Corn also came up and looks quite well.

Along this track were strewn fragments of household furniture, clothing, family utensils, buildings, fences, timber, and carcasses of all kinds of animals; and most of all these things were besmeared with mud and dirt, for the wind took up quite a quantity of dust and dirt, which was well moistened in the clouds, and thoroughly stirred into mud. SUEL FOSTER. Muscatine, Iowa.

[For the Country Gentleman and Cultivator.] IMPROVING TOO LARGE A FARM. MESSRS. EDITORS-In the days of my boyhood, about fifty years ago, I was acquainted with three good farmers of olden times, each owning about 130 acres adjoining on the same road, lying along about a mile. The land being then comparatively new and productive, each of these men became independent and reared a large family, and sent About fifteen years ago, a young man of my acquaintance bought one of these farms, and moved into an old house that had stood there more than 60 years. But he found the farm so unproductive that he could not live upon it. So he bought the second farm, but he could live no better, and finally he bought the third, making him about 500 acres of very good and yet very unproductive land. Now he is just beginning to learn that the more he has of such land, the

them into the world well to live.

worse he is off. But what ails the land? It was natural

ly productive, and being porous when new it was not too wet, nor was it too stony even. But from long use and age it has become very compact, and is now wet and cold, and of course unproductive.

His whole farm, both meadow and pasture land, is being overrun with every variety of foul stuff. His whole farm lies facing to the west. Nearly every acre of the farm must be underdrained before it can be made productive. But the owner can never do that. First, for the want of a disposition to do it; and secondly, for want of means. His whole capital is invested in unproductive land. If he would sell 300 acres of his land, and with the means prepare 200 acres to live on, he could make money, become independent, live like a freeman, and, what is most important of all, he could educate his children right.

J. L. EDGERTON.

[For the Country Gentleman and Cultivator,] GINGER BEER.

I will give you my way of making small beer that is the right kind of beer, in answer to an inquiry by A Subscriber. Take 8 gallons of warm water and I gallon of New-Orleans molasses, and a small handful of hops, and boil them in a gallon and a half of water, and strain it in with the other warm water. Then take two large tablespoonfuls of good ginger and put it in and mix it right well, and then put in two tablespoonfuls of good cream tartar. Next put in 1 gallons of good yeast, and mix it all well, and let it stand for six or eight hours, or rather till it has worked a good scum over the top. Take a clean cloth and wash it in warm water, and wring the water out and lay it in a culender and strain carefully; bottle and cork and tie up so that the strings will make a cross on the top of the cork. Set the bottles out in the hot sun for two hours, and then put them in a good cold cellar or spring house and let it get one day old, and then you will have good

beer.

Skim before you strain; also, before you put the ginger and molasses, and the cream tartar and yeast in your water, make or else it will kill your ingredients. G. GEBHART. Indiana. it a little cool, a little more than milk warm, but no_warmer

Genesee Farmer remarks on this subject as follows: "For APPLES FOR PORK MAKING.-A pithy writer in the swine, nothing equals an apple-pie, either for relish or for fattening power. The pig is not very dainty about his pie, however. If you merely cook the apples and stir in a little bran, he won't refuse the dish; substitute shorts, or corn and cob-meal, or ground oats or buckwheat, and it will suit his palate and pile on the fat amazingly. And for finishing up a piece of pork, an apple pudding thickened with good corn meal, is as far ahead of hard corn as the corn is of raw pumpkins. Pork made with apple issweeter, and quite as free from shrinking as the cornsfed

WHITEWOOD HONEY.-The Ohio Farmer remarks that the Whitewood or Tulip trees are covered unusually with blossoms this season, and adds what had never attracted our notice, that the bees gather a rich harvest of honey from this source, leaving while they last almost untouched the flowers of the white clover. It is a splendid tree, not only when in bloom, but through the entire summer sea

son.

COOKED FOOD FOR HOGS.-An experiment related in the Working Farmer resulted as follows:-"Mr. Mason of Somerville, N. J., found that by using cooked corn meal, from the middle of April to the first of December, he increased the weight of two pigs from about 40 to 602 lbs., being a gain of one and quarter pounds per day, and that the entire cost of the pork was about four cents per

But what I am coming to is the influence such a course of farming and of life has upon his children in giving an early direction to their future life. He is rearing a young family of boys and girls. But his boys will never become farmers, nor will his daughters ever marry farmers. They pound." will live old maids first. There is not a single thing con- FOR TAKING OUT IRON RUST AND YELLOW STAINS.-Di neeted with the life of that growing family calculated to the articles in a strong solution of Tartaric Acid, and lay them make them happy upon the farm. There is nothing be-exposed to the sun.-Exchange.

Cutting Back Trees when Transplanted. This practice, now generally adopted by the most suc cessful cultivators, and founded partly on the principle that mutilated and greatly reduced roots cannot supply a full amount of nourishment to a great multitude of buds, is objected to by some of our correspondents. Having adopt ed the practice for twenty years, and had many opportunities of comparing the results of cutting back with those of planting the tree with the top entire, we have felt no hesitation in recommending it for general adoption-the only exceptions perhaps being those trees which have acquired some age, or have become enfeebled or stunted in growth before removal. In such instances a severe cutting back may not possibly always be advisable. It is better, however, to set out none but young and vigorous trees. Much may be said by way of theorizing, but we prefer testing this question simply by experiment; and where this mode of reaching truth has been fully adopted, in connection with good trees and good culture, we have never known a cultivator who has not been convinced of the decided advantages of the practice. Having made a few experiments in this way the present year, in order to exhibit the results, we shall now merely state what these results are up to the present time.

Four two-year cherry trees, each about six feet high, were set out, three with entire tops, and one with twothirds of each one year shoot cut off. The three unpruned trees have expanded their leaves, but none have made a new shoot half an inch long. The pruned tree is covered with vigorous shoots about two inches long, now growing rapidly. The contrast will no doubt be much greater in a few weeks more.

Three Mahaleb trees, of three years' growth, and about six feet high, were set out. On two of them the shoots were mostly left untouched. These are scantily furnished with small leaves, and none have grown half an inch, except where one of them had four shoots cut back; these four shoots have each several new shoots from one to two inches long. The third Mahaleb had each last year's growth cut back two-thirds; it is now covered with young growing shoots about one inch or more in length.

Of six Breda apricot trees, two years from the bud, and about seven feet high, five were cut back, and one left untonched. In order to avoid vague estimate or guess work, we measured and counted the shoots they have each made up to the present time. On the five cut trees the following are the results:

1 tree has 18 new shoots, from 6 to 18 inches long.

1

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besides which all have many other shoots from three to six inches.

The remaining tree, left uncut, has seven shoots one to two inches long, none are over two inches. The amount of foliage it contains is certainly not over one-twentieth part that on either of the five pruned trees; hence the intention which some have of obtaining more foliage by leaving the trees unpruned, results in failure and defeats its own end.

The worst part of the unfavorable result on the unpruned trees has not yet come, for the trees having once become thoroughly stunted, will require years to restore them.

The Rensselaer Co. Ag. Society has commenced the publication of a monthly "Journal."

[For the Country Gentleman and Cultivator.] CROPS ON DRAINED LAND. MESSRS EDITORS-I have not seen any statement of crops grown on lands that the New-York State Ag. So1858, and to let the people know how I have succeeded, ciety awarded their premium on draining for the year will write you a short account of the same.

About 12 acres, as shown by diagram on page 230 of that Society's Transactions for 1858, was plowed and plantfrom 6th to 11th of June, looking finely. On 12th of ed to corn about the 16th of May. The same was hoed June in the morning, the frost had cut all clean-beyond any hope of recovery. That day being the Sabbath, and Monday a rainy day, we commenced plowing again the 14th, continuing the 15th and 16th. The result, with the ever seen in these parts, not fully ripened of course. The coldest season I ever knew, was the largest growth of corn corn was acknowledged by all to grow the fastest that they ever saw, and the mystery was what made it grow so; as the year before, all said it was folly to try to drain that piece, and much more so to try to raise corn there.

I harvested 100 bushels ears per acre, which I know is think it highly remunerative, as the fodder was enormous, not a heavy crop, yet considering the frost and the season and as hay was scarce, was valuable. I did not weigh but a part of the dried fodder, but think it safe to say five tons per acre, which would have sold for $7 per ton, which would be $35 for fodder, and the corn 50 bushels at 80 cents, would be $40 more, making a sum total of $75 per acre for the produce. The labor was nearly double, as all was planted twice and hoed three times. This year the same piece is sown to oats, and promises an abundant crop. A neighbor said to me yesterday, the crops on that field was a better argument than all the talking I or any other man could do for a month together.

Tell the people to drain-to drain well, not less than three feet deep, with wood, stone, or tile, as each advocate, but be sure to do it, for it will pay if well done. More anon. JONATHAN TALCOTT. Rome, June 27, 1860.

Preserving Green Corn for Winter Use. MESSRS. EDITORS-I give you a recipe for pacserving green corn for winter.

Cut the corn off the cob, and put it in a stone jar, with a handful salt to a pint of corn. When the jar is full, put a weight on it. When you wish to use it, remove a little of the top, and wash and soak over night. Waynesborough, Va.

G. K.

Red Ants---How to Get Rid of Them. MESSRS. EDITORS-Please tell "A Distressed Housekeeper," that she can get rid of her ants by placing camphor about the shelves where they are found. A neighbor of mine, in whose word I can place the utmost confidence, says-take spirits of camphor and sop it on the shelf, making a perfect ring, and place the ants inside of the ring and none of them can get out alive-it is sure death. He has tried it. Those out of the ring will leave in the first train. Will "A Distressed Housekeeper" try this, and report in THE CULTIVAJOSEPH E. PHELPS. Worcester, Mass.

TOR.

RULES FOR PRUNING GRAPES. The last number of Hovey's Magazine gives substan tially the following general rules for grape pruning, after recommending grape-growers to be free in the use of the knife, followed by the remark that where one vine is pruned too severely, nine are not pruned enough:1st. No shoots should be nearer than one foot of each other.

2d. Prune back to within one eye of the old wood, every fall and spring, about one one-half of the annual shoots-the remaining eyes producing canes to be retained for bearing next year-when the old bearing wood is in turn to be cut out, to make room for new shoots.

3d. Disbud or rub off, as soon as they appear, all shoots not wanted as bearing wood.

Native Fruits and Errors of Opinion.

We never could perceive why a pear seed, containing within itself the germ of its future character, deposited in soil on one or the other side of the water, should come up and make a different tree on account of the place of its growth. For the same reason we cannot perceive why a native grown variety is necessarily better than one brought across the national line. It is true, that the selected native seedlings are as a general rule better than others, being selected because they are found best in the particular region of their origin.

As an example, take 100 seeds of the Bartlett pear. Plant 50 in England and 50 in New-York. Out of the seedlings, one is selected in England as best, and one in New-York. The English seedling will not prove so good in America as the other, nor the New-York seedling so good in England, simply because each has been chosen for its adaptation to the respective locality. But there is no doubt that of the remaining plants, there are as many in England that would be good in New-York as those growing here; or as many of the New-York plants that would be good in England as those growing there-could their place of growth be changed and the choice made accordingly.

These remarks have been suggested by a remark in Hovey's Magazine, from an intelligent and eminent correspondent, that pear trees as hardy as our forest trees, can be expected only from native seedlings." Time will prove much in relation to the hardiness of varieties,— and in the meantime we will only remark that western cultivators assure us that the hardiest pear tree they have tested is the Flemish Beauty; and fruit raisers in Maine assert that the Urbaniste is the hardiest there-both European sorts.

[For the Country Gentleman and Cultivator.] VALUABLE WASH FOR BUILDINGS. I saw an inquiry in one of THE CULTIVATORS, a short time since, for a good whitewash, that would not wash off. I send you the following. More than three years ago I whitewashed my barn and outbuildings with it, and they look nearly as well as when put on. The recipe was originally taken from the National Intelligencer.

Take half a bushel of rock lime; slack it with boiling water; cover it during the process to keep in the steam. Strain the liquid through a fine sieve, and add to it a peck of salt, previously well dissolved in warm water; three pounds of ground rice, boiled to a thin paste and stirred in boiling hot; half a pound of powdered Spanish whiting, and a pound of clean glue, which has been previously dissolved by soaking it well and then hanging it over a slow fire, in a small kettle within a large one filled with water. Add five gallons of hot water to the mixture, stir it well, and let it stand a few days, covered from the dirt. It should be put on right hot. For this purpose it can be kept in a kettle on a portable furnace. About a pint of this mixture will cover a square yard on the outside of a house, if properly applied. It answers as well as oil paint for wood, brick or stone, and is cheaper. It retains its brilliancy for many years. There is nothing that will compare with it, either for inside or outside walls.

Coloring matter may be put in, and made of any shade you like. Spanish brown stirred in will make red pink, more or less deep according to the quantity. Yellow ochre stirred in makes yellow-wash, but chrome goes further and makes a color generally esteemed prettier. In all these cases the darkness of the shades of course is determined by the quantity of coloring used.

When walls have been badly smoked, and you wish to have them a clear white, it is well to squeeze indigo plenti

fully through a bag into the water you use, before it is stirred in the whole mixture. If a larger quantity than five gallons be wanted, the same proportion should be observed. E. F. AIKEN. Grove Ranch, Cal.

[For the Country Gentleman and Cultivator.] A NOTE FROM VIRGINIA.

A two weeks' visit among the farmers in Fauquier, enables me to say that the season there is generally a fruitful one. Wheat will be quite an average crop; some planters, however, have nearly lost that crop by the cut-worm. I know of one instance where three hundred bushels of wheat sown will not return one hundred. Yet the average crop of the county is good and superior in quality. An intelligent farmer told me that he had examined the insect which was troubling his wheat, and thought our Hessian fly had got among it for the first time in his experience. I introduced spring wheat there this season, and when I left it looked very promising; it has not been tried in that section for years, and if it should turn out as there is reason to anticipate, it will prove a great benefit, as it comes in after the cut worm has done its work. bacco paid so poorly last year that many planters have Corn, oats, clover, rye, &c., never looked better. declined trying it this season; it is a crop requiring more labor than any other, yet there is some compensation in the fact, that contrary to the received opinion north, it makes a good preparation for wheat the succeeding year. for almost nothing, are giving large crops of potatoes and The mountain lands of Madison, which have been sold grass, and if Northern seed corn was introduced there, would make a crop. Sheep are being extensively introduced there.

To

Can you tell me why it is that onions (which would be and that what they term "clove onions" are always used a valuable crop there,) cannot be raised from the seed, to produce them? I have supposed that the introduction of new seed might answer, instead of their "rare ripe' plan, but I am not a practical farmer.

E.

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Mr. JEREMIAH NIVER of Stuyvesant, Columbia Co., is agent for Eddy's "Patent Protective Bee Hive." Mr. N.'s experience leads him to speak in high terms of the operation of this invention. He has written a little book on the subject, which we presume may be had by addressing him as above. Mr. Niver has also placed one of the Hives at this office, where it will remain some days on exhibition, and by way of sample of what it can accomplish, has left with us a box of new honey of first quality, weighing upwards of 10 lbs.

FARMING HILLY LAND.-Such land is apt to wash into guillies in heavy rains, especially if poor and shallow; the best way to prevent it, says a Hill Country farmer, is to make the ground deep and rich, and sow on grass seed in the hollows most exposed. "Make a sufficient quantity of the soil mellow to absorb all the rain that falls, and none will run off, carrying the soil with it." Deep plowing, sub-soiling and underdraining, will best accomplish this end.

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Another form of construction is first to make a founda

tion frame of side pieces about 2 by 8 inches, connected together by four cross bars morticed into them, nearly as already described, the cross bars being of white oak or other hard wood, into which oblique mortises are cut on each side, within the side pieces. These oblique mortises receive sloping side frames, which complete the rack-the feet of the side frames being thrust into the oblique mortises, and the frame resting against the top of the foundation frame. This rack is not so substantial as the preceding, but as the side frames are taken out and put in separately, one person may more easily place the whole on the wagon.

Fig 1.

Fig. 1 represents a strong frame, the only objection to which is its weight, and the consequent inconvenience of placing and removing it from the wagon. It consists, first, of a bottom frame, (forming the foundation or base,) just wide enough to fit within the stakes of the wagon, made of two side pieces 10 inches wide, two inches thick, and about 13 feet long; these are connected at the ends by cross pieces morticed through them. On this frame rest three curved cross timbers, about 4 inches square, and 6 or 7 feet long-the curve may be about 6 inches, or enough for the boards that rest on them to clear the wheels-if the curve is less, the bottom frame must be wider. These

timbers support two boards on each side, each board an inch thick and 6 inches wide, and about 13 feet long, or as long as the rack. Stiff, curved iron straps span from one board to the other over the forward wheels, to prevent the hay from resting on the tire. This frame or rack may be modified by making the bottom frame five or six inches wider, and using straight instead of curved cross timbers, but this will make it heavier, and the load will not rest so secarely upon it.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 exhibits a lighter and more perfect frame, but requiring more labor in construction. The eight upright pins or standards, connecting a light foundation frame with a lighter one above, renders the whole so manageable that it may be very easily placed upon or removed from the wagon. The cross timbers (consisting of only one at each end) need not be so much curved-a curvature of three inches is sufficient, and they will be large enough if 24 by 4 inches; their length may be about 6 feet, or if the rack is large, 7 feet. The bottom frame may be made of 3 by 5 inch stuff, 12 feet 6 inches long, and the top frame 2 by 3 stuff. An inch board a foot wide goes all around the top, the extreme length of which is about 14 feet. In both these racks the bottom frame must be just wide enough to fit within the upright stakes of the wagon, which is usually about 3 feet 2 or 3 inches. The short ladder placed at the forward end, to prevent the load from falling forward, and to fasten the reins to during the operation of loading, should be about four feet high.

[For the Country Gentleman and Cultivator.] A GOOD FARM GATE.

of a gate that was erected on the farm I now own, by my EDITORS. CO. GENTLEMAN-Annexed you will find a plan father, more than 30 years ago, which gate is still in good working order, except that the post of the gate into which the rails are morticed, is beginning to decay, and will have to be renewed; otherwise the gate is firm and good, never having sunk or swayed an inch either way. The plan of the gate is similar to one already described in Co. GENT., but is much more substantial, and very little more expensive. The posts and cross piece at the top are locust. The posts are 11 feet high above ground, are 5 inches square at the top and 6 inches square at the ground; the cross piece is 4 by 5, and curved as represented, to make it (I suppose) more ornamental. The posts are set in the ground about 3 feet, and firmly fastened with stone. The rails in gate are-top rail 5 inches wide; 2d, 54; 3d and 4th, 6, and 5th or lower rail, 7 inches; upper space 74 inches; 2d, 74; 3d, 5, and lower space 4 inches. The railings are morticed into the post of the gate, and secured by a wooden pin; said post being 3 by 5 inches, and reade 4 by 3 above gate as represented in drawing. The braces and pieces at the end of gate are made of railing, the 6 inches wide-there are two pieces, one on each side at braces being 5 inches wide, and the pieces at end of gate end of gate,) and are well secured-both braces and end pieces-to the rails of the gate by rivets, not nails.

I should say that the railings of which the gate is constructed, are only one inch thick by the widths above given. The long brace being dove-tailed as represented, The bolt for fastening and the plan of hanging are very and secured, prevents it from drawing out or giving way. simple, and in fact the whole gate is so easily constructed that any man that can use a saw and chisel, and bore a hole, can make and put one up.

be worthy a place in the Co. GENT., and that it may be of There being no patent on this gate, and hoping it may advantage to some of your numerous readers, I send it to you. JAMES M. KINKEAD.

ALBANY CO. AG. SOCIETY.-At a late meeting of the was resolved to hold the Seventh Annual Fair of the Society Managers of the Albany County Agricultural Society, it on the Washington Parade Ground on the 18th, 19th, 20th and 21st days of September next.

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