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The common Goat is not in much request in this country or in England, but in some other countries, as Syria and Switzerland, herds of goats are kept for the sake of their milk, and in fact almost entirely take the place of the COW. The most celebrated variety of this animal is the Cashmir goat, which furnishes the beautifully fine wool from which the costly Cashmir shawls are made. The shawls bear a high value even in their own country, but in Europe the price is much increased by the various taxes which are paid in every stage of the manufacture-the average number of taxes paid on each shawl being about thirty, several of which are limited only by the pleasure of the collector. So says Wood's Natural History.

There is a popular fancy that goats, kept in stables with horses, improve the health of the latter. Bell's British Quadrupeds, in referring to this notion says that although seemingly absurd it is "found upon reflection to have some foundation. All animals are kept in better temper and greater cheerfulness by the presence of a companion, than in solitude; and the active and good humored goat may, in this way, really perform the benefit which has been attributed to it upon mistaken grounds."

It is said also that goats can subsist upon vegetables that are noxious or even poisonous, to other animals. If so, it is probably a part of the great creative scheme to provide for the consumption, and the keeping within necessary limits, those species of vegetables which having their special utilities, would acquire an undue preponderance if not kept in check. Partington's Cyclopedia remarks:

Produce of Milk, Cheese and Butter per Cow.

The following statement, from Morton's Hand-book of Dairy Husbandry, gives the produce per cow of Mr. J. T. Harrison of Gloucestershire, England:

The following are the results of my experience in dairying the last few years. In 1857, having plenty of water, we made all the cheese with the machine, and it proved the most profitable year. I milked 55 cows; the quantity of milk made into cheese was 31,728 gallons, or 577 gallons per cow, besides the milk expended in weaning 43 calves:

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In feeding, goats are very indiscriminate, and many plants which are not only shunned by other ruminating animals, but act as poison to them, are not only eaten with impunity, but relished by them. There have been instances in which tame goats have chewed tobacco; and, in the wild state, they eat the most bitter and narcotic plants, such as euphorbium, hemlock, henbane, and even digitalis, without suffering any injury. Few plants are more disrelished by cattle than the common rag-weed, and therefore the pastures on those lands in upland and humid situations are very much infested by it; but goats clear it off, if allowed to browse the plants before they come into flower. There are many of the composite which are the pests of our pastures, and which are, generally speaking, biennials, making roots the first year, and bearing flowers the next, which might probably be cleared off by pasturing with goats at proper times. The alteration with each other of animals, one set of which can eat the plants that are disliked by another, is an important point in the economy of our grazing districts, though it does not appear to have received that attention to which it is entitled.

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A gentleman whose granary and premises generally were overrun with rats, writes to the editor of the North British Agriculturist, that he had tried "all the various nostrums and that all, without exception, had miserably failed. They which vermin destroyers and rat killers recommended," did, indeed, manage to kill several, but in a short time the rats seemed to swarm as thick as ever. They were so plenty and so tame that they would feed with the pigs in the same trough, and crouch around and even on the backs of the cattle when resting in their stalls at night. Even shooting a few of them did not seem to scare them away, or sensibly thin them. He was greatly distressed and almost desponding of ever getting quit of them, when a neighbor recommended a trial of cats. Having got a cat and two kittens he made a crib for them in the granary, and had a carpenter cut circular holes in every door on the premises. The result was that in a short time his place was perfectly clear of rats. For several months past not a rat has been seen, the cats having now increased to seven or eight.

FERGUSON ALMAY

SIDE-HILL BARN.

EDS. CULT. & Co. GENT.-Having during the summer of 1858, built a barn exclusively for the purpose of storing hay and stabling stock, and it having answered the purpose remarkably well, I send you such a description as I am able to make, and ask you to make such use of it as you please.

The barn is 40 feet long by 26 wide, with a basement 8 feet high; posts 20 feet above the basement; the roof steep, which gives more room for hay, is more durable and stronger if left without purlin support; two middle cross works, which make the girts 13 feet. It is situated on a somewhat steep side-hill, facing the south-east; the base

FEEDING PASSAGE 42FT.

CATTLE STALLS 3AX8Fr.

cattle are three year old steers, for fattening the following season when four years old. I think there are very few barns which contain so much practically valuable room under the same proportion of roof, or expense of building, and repairs for the next 100 years. The barn is built thoroughly but plainly, and I think at a cost of $400. As this plan is essentially different from any I have ever seen, and thinking it might suggest some thoughts of value "to whom it may concern," I place it at your disposal. Wishing you and your co-laborers success in your efforts to dignify labor and improve the homes and homesteads of our countrymen, I am, S. J. AVERILL. New Preston, Ct.

We have drawn a perspective view and plans as nearly correct as we were able to understand the rough sketches furnished us. If we have made any material error, our correspondent will please make the necessary corrections.

NEW PLUM FROM NORTH CAROLINA.

L. TUCKER & SON-By this day's express we forward to you three seedling plums of this section of the country, from the extensive nurseries of Westbrook & Co., in our immediate vicinity. Will you please look at and examine them, and if you think worth while please notice them, as the variety is certainly new, and they are now propaga ting-honestly believing that this variety is superior almost to any other, both in regard to taste and size. They call them the Blum plum. JAMES SLOAN.

Greensboro, N. C.

The plums when received were partly decayed, but enough was left to show their excellent quality. The outline, which we have made, shows the size and form. In

MANURE BASEMENT

Fig. 2-BASEMENT.

ment wall on the north side, and the west part of the south side to the west middle cross work 8 feet high. The wall at the west end is 15 feet high, the basement part of which is built very strong of heavy stone, so that the upper part of it (7 feet high,) which is faced one foot back or west of the basement wall, (for a cross sill to rest upon,) may rest firm, and never be moved.

The post which is in the east middle cross work, south side, is supported by bridge braces, (shown in the view by the dotted lines,) with bolt at bottom to hold up the sill, which gives free access to the manure which is kept in the south part of the basement; in the north half is a row of stanchion stables for 12 cattle, facing the north, towards a foddering pass wide enough to fodder the cattle when in the stable. One row of cattle are kept over the manure

BLUM PLUM.

basement facing the north, which, with a foddering pass, color and shape this plum has considerable resemblance

occupies 13 feet, or half the width.

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Fig. 3-SECOND STORY-a, a. posts supporting hay floor over stable, passage, &c.

The earth is filled in and thoroughly packed up to the wall at the west end, and graded to drive the loaded teams with the hay, to be pitched into the barn through ample sized doors of different height; much of the hay is thus pitched down into the barn, and it is certainly "put into place" with comparatively little labor. The barn is filled with hay, excepting two funnels through which to pitch the hay down to the two foddering passes; and by allowing a reasonable time to settle, will hold 35 tons of hay. Our

to Nelson's Victory, to which it appears to be allied. The following is a description: Size full medium or rather large, oval, color dull orange, with numerous small brown dots, suture distinct, stem short, cavity narrow; flesh yellowish brown, fine grained, very juicy, quality "very good."

We suppose it to be mature in North Carolina about the middle of 7th month, July--it would doubtless be some weeks later here. The variety is certainly worthy of further attention.

RENOVATING OLD APPLE TREES.-"Dig about it and dung it," says a brief writer in the Genesee Farmer, was the scriptural way of renewing barren trees. Success attends the same method now. Dig "about," certainly as far as the branches extend, but "do not dig too deep, or injure the roots unnecessarily. Stirring the surface soil frequently, is what they want. Try that, and you will be amazed at the renovation you work in old apple trees."

[For the Country Gentleman and Cultivator.] PLAN OF A BARN.

On the accompaning sheet I send you a rough sketch of my barn, and if you consider it worthy a place, you are at liberty to use it. I have studied at it for several years, and finally settled upon the present plan. As it is impossible to build a model barn, I have arranged this to suit my

A Troublesome Kentucky Weed

EDS, CO. GENT.-Enclosed find samples of a weed which gives us

some annoyance here. Can you tell me its name? T. R. Kentucky. THE ONE SEEDED STAR CUCUMBER (Sicyos angulatus.) Below we give an engraving of this weed from Darlington's "Weeds and Useful Plants." He says of it:

Elevation of Frame-dotted lines Windows.

Length
Posts
Raft-

own farm. Size, 56 by 48 ft. The L. 20 by 40.
of posts on main barn, 18 ft. Pitch of roof, 1-3.
in the L., 12 feet. Projection of rafters, two feet.
ers framed into perline plate, making two sets. King
rafters over each, bent four by six inches. King part 16
10-12 feet from centre of ridge, framed into the king raft-
ers and into the upper beams, as you will see in the cut.
In the whole building there are 132 braces and 600 pins.
Space over the cows, seven feet in the clear; over the
main floor horse stable, nine feet. Thus we have

8 X 20

CORN CRIB

and

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room for twenty-two cows, nine horses, tool room, and two grain-bins, and a large space for carriages, and room above for 35 or 40 tons of hay.

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"This cucumber-like vine has found its way into gardens where it is a nuisance rather difficult to get rid of. It is, according to Dr. Short, a great pest in the rich cornfields of Kentucky, 'springing up' after the crop 'is laid by,' and so extending from one corn-stalk to another as to make it extremely difficult to pass through the field.' The Balsam Apple (Momordica Balsamina, L.,) the red fruit of which, made into a tincture, was formerly used as an application to wounds, belongs to this section, and is sometimes cultivated in gardens."

[For the Country Gentleman and Cultivator.] CUTTING CORN STALKS.

The colt and calf stable and corn-crib are convenient. Under the main floor is a large cellar to receive roots, entered by a trap door. From this cellar the roots are easily thrown upon the floor and cut as required, and fed very handily. In this barn I can feed and milk my cows, and feed horses, colts and young cattle without going out of EDS. Co. GENT.-I send you for publication, if you doors. I need no cellar to receive manure, as I make a please, some recollections of an accidental experiment in The result is different, I think, from other practice of hauling it on to my fields early in the spring topping corn. and better experiments of the same kind. in its fresh state. In the center of the ridge is a cupola In 1856 I had a piece of corn containing one and a half four by five feet, and eight feet high, with blinds which acres-soil and culture all alike. After the first of Sepserves as a ventilator. From the top of this the lightning tember I commenced cutting from one to three rows daily, rod extends ten feet, and then down to the ground. Out- until the piece was two-thirds cut; the remaining third side boards of barn planed and battened. Bottom of corn-ripened with the tops on. At harvest I commenced harcrib two by four inch plank, one inch apart. In the investing at the side that I did to cut stalks; four rows made a load; each load was husked and measured separately. side, boarded on to the girts by leaving one inch space. There was an increase in quantity of corn every load as Upon the outside, four inch boards planed and placed far as the stalks had been cut. The first four rows yieldthree-quarters of an inch apart; thus the outside boards ed at the rate of eighty bushel baskets of ears per acre; are saved from the pressure within. All to be painted. the first half acre at the rate of one hundred and two A cistern to be built between the L. and main barn. Cost baskets per acre; the remaining acre one hundred and nineteen baskets. The stalks had become so dry that the of materials and carpenter, $1,200; hauling of materials cattle would not eat them readily when I stopped cutting. and boarding of hands not counted. C. G. TAYLOR. There was plenty of ripening weather that fall and no high Rock Island Co., Ill. winds. EDWARD WILLIS. Kingston, Mass.

Another Short-Horn Sale at Good Prices.

Mr. BOLDEN, whose Short-Horn herd ranks among the first in Great Britain, recently finding himself somewhat overstocked, determined upon a ɛale, and, in order that he might not rest under the imputation of weeding out the least meritorious of his animals for the occasion, offered one family or tribe, the "Waterloo" cows and bulls, which with a few others, constituted a catalogue of 29 head. This tribe, remarks the Mark Lane Express, "was derived from the Kirkleavington herd; and, therefore, chiefly crossed as it has been in the case under our notice with the bulls of pure 'Bates' blood, may be reckoned as belonging to one of the most valuable families of the Short-Horn breed. That they were so held by the bidders at the Springfield Hall sale on Thursday last, is shown by the following result:" The average for the 29 animals sold was about $435 per head, (exactly, £87 178. 6d.) The highest price obtained was for "Waterloo 20th," in calf to 3d Grand Duke, which brought 165 guineas, say $825, now 34 years old.

Our contemporary, above quoted, congratulates the English public upon one

Methods of Laying Out the Flower Garden.

A few years since the only method of planting the flower borders was that of setting each plant by itself, and in most cases contrasting them both in color and habit as strongly as possible. Now the fashion is to plant a single variety in beds of small size cut out of the grass in patches in the borders, or in case of a geometrical arrangement of the flower garden, in the irregular beds of that system. Both the promiscuous system and this have their advantages. We think the former better calculated for small gardens, and the latter decidedly preferable for large ones. In the small gardens it is impossible to afford room enough for so many beds as would be required even in a moderate selection of sorts. It is often recommended, we know, to make a fine display of a few sorts rather than to attempt the growth of a great many kinds in a small space; but every true lover of flowers must have all his old favorites, and as many new ones as he can possibly find a little bit of room for. A large garden tastefully laid out with beds cut out of the turf, and each one appropriated to a particular variety and color, is very ornamental indeed, and is much more showy and conspicuous, and at the same time is more methodical, needs less care, and looks less

"circumstance of this sale which challenges our gratification
and sincere satisfaction; and this is, that all the lots appear
destined, for the present at least, to remain in the country.
There were no foreigners nor Americans to dispute with Eng-cluttered up than if laid out in the other manner.
lish breeders the possession of these valuable animals.

“It was a remarkable feature of this sale, that whenever

Nothing can be more brilliant than a bed of scarlet Gea pure Bates was offered, the bids were as brisk and spirited raniums, Defiance Verbenas, or any other high colored as the most fastidious auctioneer could wish; whereas, when flower; nothing more delightful than the fragrance of a other blood was introduced into the ring, the offers were commass of Heliotrope, Mignonette or Pinks. For this purparatively languid, and the auctioneer's exertions correspondingly great. Even the influence of the 3d Grand Duke's bulling pose there are many plants that are very desirable. As a or paternity told with a manifest and unmistakeable weight general rule they should be dwarf in their habit. Large, on the biddings; and, notwithstanding the individual merits tall growing plants, if planted in masses, should be in large of Prince Imperial,' and the acknowledged excellence and well-deserved celebrity of the Warlaby herd, it must be ad- beds. Nothing can be better than Verbenas of the varimitted that it was the Kirkleavington blood that commanded ous colors, Phlox Drummondii, Portulacca, Candytuft, Asthe greatest eagerness on the part of the buyers, and, conse-ters, Petunias, Heliotropes, Mignonette, Pinks, Sweet quently, the highest prices."

In the notice of Mr. BOLDEN'S SALE above, we have quoted the Mark Lane Express as authority for the statement that "whenever a pure Bates was offered" the demand was the brisker and the bidding higher for the presence of the Kirkleavington blood. The Irish Farmers' Gazette is now at hand with the details of the Kingsfort Sale, July 18-the prices at which are referred to as affording conclusive testimony exactly in a different direction. We had the pleasure of visiting last summer Mr. CHALONER'S herd at Kingsfort, and found it well calculated, as the Gazette remarks, to "sustain the long established reputation which Mr. Chaloner has earned as a "ShortHorn breeder." Our contemporary continues as follows: Another point was also very clearly brought out, to wit, the great value set upon the "Booth strain" in this country. So much so was this the case, that throughout the entire catalogue the greater the number of "Booth" crosses which the pedigrees exhibited, so much the more was the respective values of the animals enhanced.

In fact "none of the cattle sold at Mr. Bolden's Sale, reached the prices obtained at Kingsfort," but the average was not materially different. Forty-one cows and heifers were disposed of, averaging £86 38. (say $430) per head, and eight bulls, averaging £87 138.-total, 49 head.

At

Mr. Bolden's Sale, there were only 29 head sold, at an average of about $435, while the average of an equal number at Mr. Chaloner's, selecting the 29 highest, is about $565. "Miss Warlaby," near eight years old, went up to £372 158. (say $1,860) and "Sheet Anchor," a bull calf of 15 months, was sold for £346 108. (say $1,730.) IMPORTANT INVENTION!-A new machine for milking cows, "to be worked by the motion of the cows tail has been imagined by a farmer in Mass. Artificial flies will furnish motive power when the fly season is over. So says a writer in the New-England Farmer, who seems disposed to be jocose on the "march of invention " in applying mechanics to agricultural machinery.

Williams, &c.

Even in a garden planted promiscuously, it is better to put several plants of the same sort together, rather than to have them to stand singly. For instance, Asters and Balsams should be planted in groups of three to six or eight plants. Those which grow tall and bushy, such as Roses, Salvias, &c., may be planted singly. All herbaceous plants should be in stools of not less than a foot in diameter in the promiscuous borders, or in smaller stools in beds, a foot or two feet apart, according to the sort.

A mixed system of arrangement may be adopted with good effect in large gardens enclosed with walls or close fences. Cover the wall or fence with climbing plants, as Honeysuckle, Virginia Creeper, Clematis, Trumpet Vine, &c., and make a border around the whole garden three to hocks, &c. Then in the turf cut out small circular or six feet in width, for herbaceous plants, dahlias, hollyelliptical beds, for planting with single varieties of showy annuals or bedding-out plants.

SHOEING HENS.

G. B. H.

We observe a recent notice in some paper, of the practice of making woolen shoes (or rather boots) to prevent hens from scratching. A flock of fifty fowls, like our own, would require considerable labor in the manufacture of a hundred woolen boots, which might be worn through in a short time and need renewing. It is much better we think, to procure a breed that will not scratch. There is another point of importancethat is to keep the animals well fed, during the season when scratching is most feared. We keep from thirty to fifty of the fowl,-and adopt the most economical mode, namely, regular White Shanghai,— -a very quiet, well behaved, and profitable feeding with grain,-and although there is no barrier between their ordinary range and the kitchen garden, they do not scratch yearly enough to do twenty-five cents damage.

SOUTH-DOWN SHEEP.

In this course of treatment Col. H. is fully sustained by John Woodfin, Sen., Esq., who thinks the bleeding so copiously and so frequently, gradually enfeebles this pest of the farm until finally death ensues. REAGAN. Rims Creek, N. C., July 23.

to go over the meadow with a sharp scythe and clip them off about mid-leg high, after which they would bleed proAs the importance of devoting more attention to fusely, but would not die. At mowing time they were cut SHEEP begins to grow in appreciation with American far-off close to the ground. Under this course of treatment, mers, they become willing to pay higher Prices for better he informed me that in three years there was scarcely one Animals, and to select more judiciously the kind of Ani- to be seen in his meadow. mal suited to their wants. Among the different Breeds which have been imported and thoroughly tested here, the SOUTH-DOWN occupies a prominent and advancing position in Public favor. Especially where an accessible Market is afforded and pasturage is good-for example along the Connecticut Valley, as was recently noted in the COUNTRY GENTLEMAN-and, indeed, wherever winter feeding can be made to increase the Profits and add to the Manurial resources of the Farmer, the South-Down must be regarded a prominent candidate for his attention, and a cross of it upoa common ewes, or upon those previously possessing a strain of almost any other improved sort, can scarcely fail to add enough in Money value to the Lambs of a single season or two, to remunerate him for the additional Expense of obtaining a Ram of pure blood.

JONAS WEBB, of whose Letting in 1859 we gave an account from personal observation, has just had another of these inte sting anniversaries, as previously advertised in our columns. Again it is an American who has overtopped all English competition, and by the bids of Mr. J. C. TAYLOR of Holmdel, N. J., (through an agent,) the Ram which received the highest award of those exhibited by Mr. W. at the Royal Society's Warwick Show, and which was run up on this occasion very nearly to six times the average price per head of the whole number let-is coming over to add its prestige and influence to a flock which already stands well in the character of the blood it includes. With Messrs. THORNE, ALEXANDER, SHELDON and others, Mr. Taylor is doing much to place within the reach of the Farmers of the United States just that kind of improvement of which they are now perhaps most in need. The Ram in question was only surpassed at the Warwick Show (in the awards of the Judges), by one exhibited from the flock of the Duke of Richmond. There is an impression that it is very well that Webb's South-Downs should get a second place now and then, for he always more than makes up for the loss just as soon as an opportunity offers—at least such has been the case frequently heretofore, and now we find that at Canterbury he is quite recovering his old way of sweeping all he wants, for the telegraphic dispatch from that Exhibition to the Mark Lane Express, just received, reads thus:-" Southdown Rams: Jonas Webb, all the prizes for both classes."

As Mr. Taylor is thus fresh, in a certain sense, from the pick of the Babraham flock, its successes are particularly a matter of interest here, nor can we pass by without a word the fate of the other rams offered at the recent Let ting. There were 60 let, which is several more than were disposed of last year, at an average a little lower than that of 1859, but just about as much higher than the average of '58-namely, £23 08. 8d. now, against 54 head last year at £25 98. 10d. per head, and 61 the previous season at £20 198. 3d. The highest price for any animal, that paid by Mr. TAYLOR*—is 126 guineas, say $630; the next highest 70 gs., and there are only three more which exceeded 50 gs. each. Among other familiar names on the list of successful bidders, we notice that of Mr. Fulcher for Lord Sondes. There were also several French and German gentlemen among the competitors.

[For the Country Gentleman and Cultivator.] HOW TO DESTROY IRON WEED. MESSRS. EDITORS-I observe in a late no. of the Co. GENT., an inquiry as to the best method of exterminating the iron weed. Col. G. W. HAMPTON of this county, bought a farm on which was an excellent piece of meadow ground, which had become so thoroughly over-run with iron weed before he bought, that his predecessor had in the fall previous cut down and hauled them out by the wagon load, and deposited them on the poor points.

When Col. Hampton got possession of the place, he employed a man when the weeds were about knee high,

[For the Country Gentleman and Cultivator.]
RECIPE FOR ELDERBERRY WINE.
EDS. Co. GENT.-In no. 3 of the present volume of the
Co. GENT., "A. B. R." inquires for a recipe for making
Elderberry Wine. My mother says the following is first-

rate:

The quantity of fruit required, is one gallon of ripe elderberries for every two gallons of wine. For ten gallons wine take five gallons berries, boil them in five or six gallons of water, then strain the liquor, and whatever the liquor proves short of ten gallons, make up as follows: Add water to the pulp, stir it about and strain to the rest. Add thirty pounds sugar and two or three ounces hops. Then take three-quarters of a pound of ginger-root bruised, five ounces cloves, one of cinnamon, and put them together in a bag and tie loosely. Put the bag with its contents into the previous mixture, and boil two hours; when quite cool, ferment with yeast as you do beer. In two or three days draw the liquor off into a cask, suspend the bag of spices by a string not long enough to reach the bottom; paste over stiff brown_paper. use in two months. F. A. R. Maine, Ill.

It will be fit for

[For the Country Gentleman and Cultivator.] TYMPANITIS---HOVEN IN CATTLE.

IN ANSWER TO W. A., IOWA CITY. - This disease is characterised by distention of the rumen with gas-is a very common affection among cattle, and results from irregular feeding, wet clover, vetches, or in the way W. A. has indicated. A cure will usually be accomplished by giving to the animal twice, two ounces of oil of turpentine, with a pint of linseed oil, and an ounce or two of ginger.

If the distention increases and the beast becomes stu

pid, introduce the trochar and canula into the side. Choose
the lumbar vertebra and the last rib. The trochar is to
the most salient point, or equi-distant from the haunch,
be withdrawn and the canula is to remain until the swell-
ing entirely falls. Where a trochar cannot be had, the
operation may be easily performed with a well sharpened
mal to be fed on soft food for a number of days. A pro-
table knife, which is preferable to a pen-knife; the ani-
per trochar to use in such cases, is one-half longer and the
thickness in proportion, to the one usually employed in
tapping the human subject.
R. MCCLURE, V. S.
Philadelphia, July 25.

[For the Country Gentleman and Cultivator.] SWEET PICKLED TOMATOES.

One peck of green tomatoes sliced-six large onions sliced -strew a teacupful of salt over them; let them remain over night-drain off in the morning-then take two quarts of water and one of vinegar-boil them in it 15 or 20 minutes; after boiling put them in a sieve to drain-then take 4 quarts of vinegar, 2 pounds of brown sugar, half pound white mustard seed, 2 tablespoonfuls of ground alspice, same of cloves, cinnamon, ginger and mustard, and one teaspoonful of cayenne pepper-put all in a kettle and cook 15 minutes slowly, and you will pronounce them capital I am sure.

M. H. K.

The Winnebago Co. (Wisc.,) Ag. Society have their head quarters at Osh Kosh, where their Sixth Show will be held Sept. 19, 20-President, M. C. Bushnell Secretary, J. H. Osborn.

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