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FOR SALE, CHEAP.

ORTH DEVON BULL "JUPITER" JOHN WILSON, NURSERYMAN AND FLORIST,

(463) Calved March, 1856; Color Dark Red; weight, 1,500 lbs. He is in good condition, and in every respect a first class animal. Price $100.

Jan. 1-m3t.

JOHN CORP, Freetown, Cortland Co., N. Y.

Albany. FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES, AND SHRUBS AND PLANTS of every description. Particular attention given to the growing of Grapes, Raspberries, Currants, Blackberries, and Wilson's Albany Strawberry. Jan. 1, 1860.

HE RURAL EMPIRE CLUB W. O. HICKOK, HARRISBURG, PENN.,

MANUFACTURER OF

Binders' Machinery.

Jan. 1, 1860.

will furnish the most popular Agricultural. Literary, and News Cider Mills, Corn-Stalk Cutters and Grinders, and BookPeriodicals, at low rates, with premiums to each subscriber-POSITIVE, and no CHANCE GAME, Premiums consist of new and rare vegetable and Flower Seeds, splendid Engravings, among which is that beautiful Parlor Ornament, THE WASHINGTON FAMILY, worth Five Dollars, and all those DIME BOOKS which are flying through the mails like a whirlwind, from the Atlantie to the Pacific. Circulars sent on application to I. W. BRIGGS, Dec. 8-witmit. West Macedon, Wayne Co., N. Y.

EMERY BROTHERS, Proprietors of the

ALBANY AGRICULTURAL WORKS, Albany, N. Y., Manufacturers of their Patent Railroad Horse Powers, and of the largest and best variety of Agricultural Machinery in the country. All arti cles warranted. Jan. 1, 1860.

BERKSHIRE PIGS of pure breed, and at a low Now - Les co sunt by mail post paid, for Twenty-five

Oct. 6-w&mtf.

RIGHTS FOR

WM. J. PETTEE, Lakeville, Conn.

SCHOOLEY'S PRESERVATORY, (in New-York and Pennsylvania,) for sale by J. L. ALBERGER, Buffalo, N. Y. Send for Pamphlet.

Nov. 3-wtf.

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The Sixth Number of this work is now ready, and presents features of no less attractiveness and value than its predecessors. The following abstract of its contents, together with the fact that they are ILLUSTRATED by no less than ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-EIGHT Publishers can say.

HORSE POWERS, THRESHERS, &c, PCRAVINGS, will afford better evidence of this than anything the

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1. ORNAMENTAL PLANTING-THIRTY-SIX ENGRAVINGS.

1. Requisites for a Home.

2. Various Modes of Grouping.

3. Plans of Garden and Ornamental Grounds.

4. Various Details-Lawns-Walks-Rustic Objects.

5. Trees-Hints in

Expense.

THE HERDS ASTI WAHOD BEAVE IL COUNTRY DWELLINGS TWENTY-FIVE ENGRAVINGS,

SHIRE, DEVON and SHORT HORN Calves, Yearlings, Two Year
Old Bulls, Heifers, &c., also ESSEX, SUFFOLK and BERKSHIRE
PIGS, (in pairs if desired,) and a few SOUTH DOWN BUCKS for
sale. Address
T. HOWARD PATTERSON,
March 24-wtf.
Herdsman, &c., Haverstraw, N. Y.

T

HE NEW YORK TRIBUNE. Prepare for the Great Political Campaign of 1860 ! INDUCEMENTS TO CLUBS.

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Is printed on a large imperial sheet, and published every morning and evening (Sundays excepted). It contains Editorials on the topics of the times, employing a large corps of the best newspaper writers of the day; Domestic and Foreign Correspondence; Proceedings of Congress: Reports of Lectures; City News; Cattle, Horse, and Produce Markets; Reviews of Books; Literary Intelligence; Papers on Mechanics and the Arts, Cookery, &c., &c. We strive to make THE TRIBUNE a newspaper to meet the wants of the public-its Telegraphic news alone costing over $15,000 per annum. TERMS:

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One Copy, one year,......83 00 | Five Copies, on year,.... 811 25 Any person sending us a club of twenty, or over, will be entitled to an extra copy. For a club of forty, we will send The Daily Tribune one year. THE NEW-YORK WEEKLY TRIBUNE, A large eight page paper for the country, is published every Saturday, and contains Editorials on the important topics of the times, the news of the week, interesting correspondence from all parts of the world, the New-York Cattle, Horse, and Produce Markets, interesting and reliable Political, Mechanical, and Agricultural articles, Papers on Cookery, &c., &c.

We shall, during this year, as hitherto, constantly labor to improve the quality of the instructive entertainment afforded by THE WEEKLY TRIBUNE, which, we intend, shall continue to be the best Family Weekly Newspaper published in the World. We consider the Cattle Market Reports alone richly worth to cattle raisers a year's subscription price.

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1. General Considerations.

2. Working Men's Cottages-Three Original Designs by GEORGE D. RAND.

3. Farm Houses-Five Original Designs with Ground Plans, &c., by the same Author.

**This is a Chapter which will prove serviceable especially to those who wish suggestions as to neat and inexpensive structures for practi cal purposes, which, with some taste and considerable extent of accommodations, combine great convenience of interior arrangement. III. HEDGES-THIRTEEN ENGRAVINGS.

1. Different Plants for Fencing Purposes.

2. Training and Pruning for first Four Years.

IV. FENCES AND FENCE MAKING-FIFTEEN ENGRAVINGS.

1. Post Fences, Modes of Construction and Setting.

2. Hurdles and Cheap Fences.

V. FARM GATES-FIFTEEN ENGRAVINGS. 1. Difficulties to Contend with.

2. Hanging the Gate.

3. Constructing and Hinging it.

VI. BARNS AND STABLES--TWENTY-FIVE ENGRAVINGS,

1. A Horse Barn built of Brick,

2. A Barn for a Small Farm.

3. Plan of Stables for Horses and Cattle.

4. Stalls for Horses-Four different forms.

5. Stalls for Cattle-Means of Tying.

6. Cattle and Sheep Racks.

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4. Select Fruits for Virginia, New-England, Wisconsin-Failures in the West.

5. Ripening Pears-Sorts for Market-Hardy varieties.

6. Select List of the Newer Pears-Dwarfs.

7. Plums--The Blackberry-Strawberries-Grapes-Insects on the Apple.

8. Sending Grafts by Mail-Root Grafting.

X. SUPPLEMENTARY LIST OF NURSERIES.

XI. RURAL MISCELLANY-TWELVE ENGRAVINGS.

1. General Economy-Razor Strops-Marking Bags-Bad WaterFuel-Painting Tools-Cracks in Stoves, &c.

2. Dairy Economy-Winter Butter-Damp Stables-Wintering and Stabling-Fodder, &c.

3. Rules for Business, with Numerous Hints.

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Any person sending us a club of Twenty, or more, will be entitled to an extra copy. For a club of Forty, we will send THE SEMI-WEEKLY TRIBUNE; and for a club of One Hundred THE DAILY TRIBUNE will be sent gratis.

Subscriptions may commence at any time. Terms always cash in advance. All letters to be addressed to

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This, preceded by the usual Calendar pages and Astronomical Calculations, forms a book which is certainly cheap at its retail price, wh le the Publishers, in order to promote its extensive Circulation, are prepared to offer the most liberal Terms for its introduction in quantities, either to Agents, Agricultural Societies, Nurserymen, Dealers in Implements and Seeds, or any others who take an interest in the dis semination of useful reading, and in the promotion of Rural Improvement. Address all orders or inquiries to the publishers, LUTHER TUCKER & SON, ALBANY, N. Y.

Jan. 1, 1860.

Special Business Notices.

THE CULTIVATOR for 1860.

66 THE CHEAPEST AND THE BEST." Now is the time to Subscribe. THE First Number of the Twenty-seventh Volume Yolund and new patrons. It will more than sustain our promise to furnish, this year, the

Cheapest and Best Monthly Journal. The improvements we have made, and the very low price to which our terms are now reduced, can hardly fail to enlarge its subscription list very greatly, if our friends will exert a very little effort in its beha.

Premium to Subscribers!

By reference to the Advertisement upon page 39, the reader will at once learn the character and scope of THE ILLUSTRATED ANNUAL REGISTER OF RURAL AFFAIRS for 1860-a Twenty-five Cent Book--which contains no less than One Hundred and Eighty Engravings, and which is presented to every Club Subscriber to THE CULTIVATOR. Our Terms are as follow:

ONE COPY CULTIVATOR, ONE YEAR,
ONE COPY CULTIVATOR & REGISTER,.
TEN COPIES CULTIVATOR & REGISTER,

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50

The Crops of Ohio in 1858,

75

$5 00

To the above Terms, Subscribers in the British Provinces must invariably add Six Cents per copy for the postage prepaid upon their papers.

PREMIUMS TO AGENTS!!

I. For Ten Subscribers and $5.

To the Agent sending us FIVE DOLLARS for Ten Copies CULTIVATOR and Ten of the ANNUAL REGISTER, present an eleventh copy of both as a Premium.

II. For Twenty Subscribers and $10.

we will

To the Agent sending TEN DOLLARS for Twenty Copies of THE CULTIVATOR and Twenty of the ANNUAL REGISTER, we will present either of the following premiums:

1. The COUNTRY GENTLEMAN (weekly) free for Six Months; or 2. A Complete Set of the ANNUAL REGISTER, postpaid, six years; or

3. Volumes of the CULTIVATOR, postpaid, for any Two Years since 1852; or

4. Two Extra Copies of the CULTIVATOR and REGISTER for 1860.

III. For Thirty Subscribers and $15.

To the Agent sending FIFTEEN DOLLARS for Thirty Copies of THE CULTIVATOR and Thirty of the ANNUAL REGISTER, we will present either of the following Premiums :

1. The COUNTRY GENTLEMAN free for One Year; or

2. Ten Premium Copies of the ANNUAL REGISTER for any desired

year or years; or

3. Volumes of THE CULTIVATOR, postpaid, for any three years

since 1852; or

4. Three Extra copies CULTIVATOR and REGISTER for 1860. IV. For Fifty Subscribers and $25.

To the Agent sending TWENTY-FIVE DOLLARS for Fifty Copies of THE CULTIVATOR and Fifty of the ANNUAL REGISTER, we will present either of the following premiums :

1. The COUNTRY GENTLEMAN free one year, and Twelve Premium Copies of ANNUAL REGISTER, being two complete sets, or otherwise, as may be desired; or

2. The COUNTRY GENTLEMAN, free, one year, and Volumes of CULTIVATOR for any four years since 1852; or 3. The COUNTRY GENTLEMAN for one year, and Four extra Copies CULTIVATOR and REGISTER for 1860. Larger Premiums for Larger Lists.

MEMBERS OF CLUBS may receive their papers at different Post-Offices.

SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN. In obtaining the Premiums above offered, a subscription to the Country Gentleman, at $2 per year, will count the same as Four subscribers to the CULTIVATOR, and the subscriber to the Co. GENT. will receive one copy of the REGISTER.

SPECIMEN COPIES of both Journals sent on application, with Showbills and Prospectuses-also, if desired, a copy of the ANNUAL REGISTER for use in canvassing for Subscribers. THE REGISTER POSTAGE FREE.-We shall prepay the postage on all copies of the ANNUAL REGISTER, without charge to the subscriber.

Growing Clover for Hay Seed, and Pasture, by B,.
Hints on Deep Plowing,.

Harvesting Indian Corn, &c., by J. B. B.,.
Fowler's Steam Plow in England,
Importance of the Clover Crop, by F.,

Potatoes-New Varieties, by B. J. HARVEY,.

Top-Dressing Meadow Lands, by J. D. M. KEATOR,.
Improvement in Cow Stables,

Thoughts Suggested on Liebig's Letters on Modern Agriculture,.
Nutrition of Plants-Liebig vs. Lawes,..

Effects of Nitrogenous Manures,

Liebig on Stable Manures and American Farming..
Nature's Supplies of Mineral Food,
Our Doctrine,....

Eighty Bushels Wheat per Acre,
Smut in Wheat-an Experiment,
Oats and Grass in Rotation,.
Experiments with Hedge Plants,.
New-York State Agricultural College,.

How to Make Barn-Yards, by L. F. SCOTT,
Inquiries and Replies to Correspondents,
Notes for the Month,

American Farmers and Agricultural Reading..
Course of Agricultural Lectures at New-Haven,.
Ohio State Board of Agriculture,.

THE GRAZIER AND BREEDER.
The Suffolk Horse-"Chester Emperor,"
Bedding for Farm Stock,

On Wintering Calves, by FARMER B...
Economy in Feeding Stock in Winter, by W. J. PETTEE,
Wintering Stock on Hay and Corn-Stalks, by B.,
How Shall we Save Fodder,

Feeding Sheep-Loss of Wool in Spring,

Cooking Food for Swine,.

HORTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT.

How to Obtain Fruit in New Places,
A Basket of Plums-Description of Seven New Varieties..

Descriptive List of Apples from Maine,.
Grafting Currants-Paint for Wounds, &c.,

Grape Culture in Central New-York, by A. D. G.,
How to Start Blackberry Cuttings, by MARKET GARDENER,
Rapidity of Increase of Strawberry Plants,.
Seeding Down Young Orchards,...

Treatment of House Plants, by G. B. H..
The Hubbard Squash and Feejee Tomato..
The Cassabar and Honey Cantaloupe Melons, by F. H. FLEMING,,
The Apple-Pie Melon, by F. A. HOYT, REBECCA W. PEABODY, and
IRENE COLE,..
RURAL ARCHITECTURE.

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Designs for Three Working-Men's Cottages, by G. D. RAND,................ 16
On Building with Balloon Frames, by G. E. WOODWARD,
THE DAIRY DEPARTMENT.
Flint's Milch Cows and Dairy Farming-Winter Feed of Cows, by
A YOUNG FARMER,.
Prizes Awarded for Best Cheese, at Conn. State Fair,.
THE POULTRY YARD.
Description of a Cheap Poultry-House, by W. A.,

THE BEE-KEEPER'S DEPARTMENT.
Degeneration of Bees, by E. P...

DOMESTIC ECONOMY.
How to Store Cabbage for Winter Use, by L. BARTLETT,
Recipe for Buckwheat Bread, by F. K. PHOENIX,
How to Make Johnny Cake, by M.,.
Recipe for a Valuable Cough Mixture, by Mrs. J. P.,
Ice Cream and Frosting for Cake, by L.,.
ILLUSTRATIONS.

Portrait of Alderman Mechi.
Designs for Working-Men's Cottages, Eleven Engravings,.
Fowler's Steam Plow-Three Engravings,..
Portrait of Suffolk Horse, Chester Emperor....
View of a Cheap Poultry-House,

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PUBLISHED BY LUTHER TUCKER & S
DUBLISHED BY LUTHER TUCKER & SON,

J. J. THOMAS, ASSOCIATE EDITOR, UNION SPRINGS, N. Y.
AGENTS IN NEW-YORK:

C. M. SAXTON, BARKER & Co., Ag. Book Publishers, 25 Park Row.
THE CULTIVATOR has been published twenty-six years. A NEw
SERIES was commenced in 1853, and the seven volumes for 1853, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8 and 9, can be furnished, bound and post-paid, at $1.00 each.
Ten of the ANNUAL REGISTER OF RURAL AFFAIRS, with one of each
TERMS FIFTY CENTS A YEAR.-Ten copies of the CULTIVATOR and

free to the Agent, Five Dollars.

THE COUNTRY GENTLEMAN," a weekly Agricultural Journal of 16 quarto pages, making two vols. yearly of 416 pages, at $2.00 per year, is issued by the same publishers.

Editorial Notes Abroad.

No. XXVII-A Visit in Suffolk last July.

[SERIES.

No. 2.

-8-9 he traveled extensively in France with the view of studying the cultivation, wealth, resources, and national prosperity of that kingdom-the results of which were published in 2 quarto vols. in 1792. A Board of Agriculture having been established, he was appointed its Secretary, and under the auspices of this body prepared a general Agricultural Survey of the counties of Suffolk, Lincoln, last treatise was on the "Husbandry of those celebrated Hertfordshire, Norfolk, Essex, Oxfordshire and Sussex. His British Farmers, Bakewell, Arbuthnot and Ducket."

With us, so many of whom have seen more or less of the different parts of our extensive country, by travel for one object or another, and all of whom are tolerably conversant, through the newspapers, with what is elsewhere going on-it appears strange in visiting a little island (comparatively) like England, to find that a vast proporThe Native County of ARTHUR YOUNG-His Works and their Popularition of the people have seen but a very limited part of itty-Stationary Disposition of the English-Ipswich, and Woodbridge, and the Drive to Butley Abbey-The Rectory-THOMAS CRISP, Esq. his Farm and Stock-the Short-Horns-Fattening Animals for Exhibition-Disposition of the Farm-the Open Sheep Walks and Furze Mining for Coprolites-Sheep Boarding out-Rotation Employed, with a Stolen Crop," and the Operations of Four Years.

that they have always been in the habit of confining their attention to their own local events and ways, and that they differ perceptibly in dialect in districts by no means exA prophet, it may be said, is not without honor, save in ceedingly remote from each other. If such continues to his own county-and according to Mr. CAIRD, this version be the case in this age of cheap travel and cheap reading, of the proverb applies to Suffolk and her famous son AR- it can readily be imagined how much more it was so nineTHUR YOUNG. Not a successful farmer himself, like many ty years ago, and what an effect-what "a stimulus to imanother who can write better agriculture than he can prac-proved practice," in Mr. Caird's words, must have been the tice-his neighbors were by no means inclined to follow means which were supplied by these Surveys of YOUNG, his precepts, and while in other counties proprietors were prompted by them to inaugurate great improvements, during his life they seem never to have met with much favor in his native district. It is perhaps no more than due to the efforts put forth by this eminent man, that we should notice very briefly what they were, and we could take no better time to do so, than when, having crossed the river Stour in coming from Essex, we stand upon the threshold of the county that gave him birth, and which is now farmed largely according to the principles he inculcated, and ready to acknowledge its indebtedness to them "for much of the progress that has been made in the cultivation of the soil and the economical application of labor."

Having succeeded to an estate, and, as Loudon expresses it, "impoverished himself by experiments," at the age of 26 Young's first volume, "The Farmer's Letters to the People of England," appeared, and four years later another series to the Landlords. In the interval he published the narrative of "A Six Weeks Tour" in the Southern Counties and in Wales, another of six months in the North, and a third in the East of England, besides several books upon practical and experimental Agriculture, making during this period a total of eight works in octavo, one of 2 vols., and two of 4 vols. each, and one of two quarto vols. His Tour in Ireland, Annals of Agriculture, &c., followed, and in 1787

for comparing the practices of various soils and localities. It has been the great object of Agricultural Societies and writers, there as here, to get the farmers of different parts of the country well into communication with one another, and the confessed benefit conferred by Young's exertions, is an instructive tribute to the importance of this end.

I have been unable to turn to any general review of these books of Young's. The monument to his memory is of that kind, however, which proves most enduring, for it consists in his careful collection of such a mass of valuable facts. Thus we meet with constant references to him incidentally as an authority, and it is uniformly with a passing word of praise. Loudon remarks of his Tour in Ireland, that "it probably did more good than even the Dublin Society," and Cuthbert W. Johnson says that he was "perhaps the most popular author on Rural Affairs that England or any other country ever produced."

At Ipswich, the capital town of Suffolk, and the native place of Gardinal Wolsey, we come upon the river Orwell, the estuary of which joins that of the Stour at Harwich. Here the Orwell is navigable for vessels of some 200 tons, furnishing water communication for the benefit of several large foundries and machine establishments, at one of which, that of Messrs. RANSOMES & SIMS, we shall make a call as soon as time will allow. At present our destination is

Woodbridge, a thriving market town and port seven or eight miles to the north-east, where as we leave the railway, we shall meet a kind greeting from a gentleman whose stock we have already seen and admired at the Suffolk Agricultural Show, but whose farming will by no means prove the less interesting on that account. Seating ourselves in one of those handy two-wheeled carts so much more common in England, as the traveler at once notices, than they are with us, we are off at a pleasant pace-passing near the Melton station, where we see newly completed and convenient arrangements for auction sales I think it was stated once a month-for the marketing and interchange of stock of different kinds, and thence away six or eight miles between fields of grain, now, the 2d of July, rapidly approaching "the full corn in the ear" of mangolds in well-marked rows, and Swedes just proving with a sprinkling of green, that the sower has not sowed in vain; of land yet under the plow and harrow and roller, and probably soon destined to be drilled with turnips; of the stubbles freshly growing green again after the labor of the hay-makers, and of hedges or "fences" as the English call these walls of living green, just beginning to be trimmed back from the wilder growth of the past twelve-month, to the regularity of well ordered farm enclosures.

By and by our road carries us near a building of solid and antique appearance and considerable size, now occupied, we are told, as the Rectory, but supposed to have once formed the gateway only of the massive pile which in former days covered the grounds and bore the name of "Butley Abbey." A little farther, adding a feature to the farm-yard scene not often to be found in that sort of landscape, a sturdy old arch still marks one point in its extensive outline, and jolly round-sided Suffolk pigs are rooting about, where the Suffolk monks-perhaps with equal title to either epithet-used to receive the rents of the goodly lands over whose tithings they probably knew well how to preside, before the troubled times came when their strongholds were toppled over and their dominion passed into other hands. Entering a gateway, a few fragmentary remnants of old columns and sculptured walls, which the plow-share yet meets as it turns the soil near by, shrink back under the drooping shrubbery as if ashamed of their fallen state, and we stroll away from the path, upon the turf here and there cut out for a circle of flowers, a little absent-mindedly, until the presence of others not habited in the garb of the holy fathers, recalls the unmistakable fact that the days of their glory are no more, and that entire taciturnity, however appropriate for the cloister, and occasionally becoming to the American countenance, may sometimes, too, be quite misplaced.

-"You have some fine Short-Horns yonder," we therefore remark, raising our eyes to the pasture beyond the lawn. "How large a herd are you keeping?"

Perhaps twenty or thirty the answer runs, and subsequently we go among them and mark the "Bates blood" that flows in their veins, and find in "Wild Eyes" and others of the family, just that hearty thriftiness which bears witness to the capacity of the breed for flesh-taking when no extra care or forcing processes are employed.

We venture the inquiry it may be, "whether some herds have not been injured by feeding up the best for Shows, to the detriment of their further usefulness?"

Undoubtedly instances of this kind occur, but-argues in effect our host-it is the object of the breeding of the present day to develop such influences in the parent as are most likely to beget the greatest and quickest power of converting fodder into meat, and how are we to determine how well these requirements are met, if we starve our animals into the Show-yard? Let us avoid either extreme; but all the rules of the societies can't prevent my neighbor or me from wishing to show-not where, at some prospective period our beasts are going to fill out handsome and valuable carcasses, but where on good keeping they actually do at a certain age lay on that kind of flesh which will pay the feeder and the butcher. And no judge will be willing in his decisions, to be guided entirely by the lank anticipations of future fatness.

-I do not, it is very likely, do justice to Mr. CRISP'S reasoning in thus roughly mentioning the impression I gained from what he told me of his views; but I considered it worthy of record, as coming from a man of much practical experience, that he spoke boldly in favor of the custom which there are more ready to combat in words that in practice-of only exhibiting such animals as have been really prepared to "look their best." The question has been much discussed in the past, although it seems at present to be nearly set at rest by the almost uniform consent of breeders.

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Butley Abbey is a farm of about a thousand acres, of which I understood that 230 perhaps were in wheat, 150 to 180 in turnips, 150 in barley, 150 in "layer" or clovers and grass, together with beans, peas, &c., while of the remainder a part is permanent marsh pasture, and the rest lies in open sheep walks. The latter are generally blowing sands, with not much herbage except the furze (gorse or whins it is also called) which serves probably to lessen or obviate the action of the wind. The bushes of this furze are eaten off by the sheep, which nibble away at the outer shoots until those in the center grow up beyond their reach, perhaps four or five feet high; it is nutritious, and other animals are said also to be fond of it. But the spines of the foliage are sharp, and require bruising before they can be eaten by cattle with any comfort, and the sheep must have become well toughened to them, one would think, to enjoy itthe plant in fact seeming Common Furze-(Ulex Europeus.) scarcely less terrible in reality than it does when we read in the botanies that "it bears innumerable dense, roughish, green, furrowed or ribbed branches, spinous at the ends, and beset with large, compound, striated, permanent thorns; leaves few, scattered, small, awl-shaped, deciduous description which I am sure it is fortunate the sheep cannot read, or they would be less likely than before to relish their forage. The engraving above shows the points of the herbage, as well as the flowers with which, earlier in the season than the time of my visit, it is profusely covered-presenting, I was told, a beautiful appearance, and giving the whole moor a golden hue. Indeed some one has written

"And what more noble than the vernal furze
With golden baskets hung? Approach it not,
For every blossom has a troop of swords
Drawn to defend it."""

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Of these moors the furze is a natural product, but I believe it is sometimes grown for fodder, while machines for bruising it are catalogued by the dealers. During the day the sheep stray about these unenclosed tracts, and with the aid of his dogs the shepherd collects them at evening to be folded. We went out at dusk for a walk over the farm, and saw a flock, unless my memory is at fault, numbering sixteen hundred, or thereabouts, and I was told that it is rarely the case in collecting even so many as this, that the. dogs and shepherd leave behind a single one.

After a glance at one other feature on this farm that was a curiosity to me, I shall turn to my note book for a number of interesting facts which Mr. Crisp was good enough to give me during the day or two spent se pleasantly in his company.

Mr. C. Wren Hoskyns, the lively author of the "Chronicles of a Clay Farm," in lecturing two or three years ago upon the progress of agriculture, adduced the word coprolite, among other scientific terms, which he said were strange enough in the farmer's ears ten years before, although now commonly understood; and he gave, in proof of his statement, the fact that Mr. Huxtable had then narrowly escaped being reported in the newspapers as the introducer of "coppery lights into the dark places of agriculture !"

The material in question, which if it had not been for ditional fertilizing material, which, without their intervenMr. Hoskyns' untimely extinguishment, would have had a tion, would have been purchased in the shape of artificials. debut before the world so much more brilliant than its We have thus seen two crops in the system of rotation, name could very literally authorize, has been largely found the wheat and beets, with an extra bite of turnips for the on Mr. Crisp's farm. The Suffolk crag and some other sheep intercalated. On land where the last is not taken, formations, abound in these coprolites-often so scattered the second year's crop would be turnips instead of bects. as not to be worth exhuming-now and then occurring, as In either case, the roots are folded off along from autumn in the present case, in large masses; they are the fossiliz- until spring, or otherwise harvested-the beets bearing ed excrements of extinct lizards (saurians) and other rep- the frost better and lasting later in the season than the tiles, and, as dug, washed and heaped up, no one in pass- turnips. I shall have occasion to refer hereafter to the ing would suppose the pile to be anything more than ordi- fact that the quantity of beets grown in proportion to that nary gravel. They appear, however, oftener in cylindrical of turnips seemed to be almost universally on the increase forms, and while they have the same water-worn exterior, in Great Britain-of late years mangolds are said very genone perceives on breaking them that they are quite diffe-erally to have given the better satisfaction of the two, and rent from the stones for which he took them at first. In to have gained wonderfully in popular favor. use they are either ground or treated with sulphuric acid, as bones are, and contain, according to Way and Gilbert, from fifty-two to fifty-seven per cent. of bone earth or phosphate of lime. I understood their intrinsic value to be between $11 and $12 per ton, while they sell at different rates according to the state of the market. Between four and five thousand dollars worth had been taken out and sold from a single acre-so that the discovery of their value was not only a boon to English farmers in general, but in particular to those proprietors whose lands happen to have been a favorite resort for the reptiles of antiquity -possibly the rendezvous of those which were driven out of the sister island by the valiant St. Patrick.

The Sheep of this part of England, as I remarked when writing from the Show at Ipswich, are prolific mothers and good milkers, and the females are consequently in demand. Mr. CRISP has a herd of about 2,000 breeding ewes,* to which he puts & Leicester or South-Down tup. The lambs it is his practice to sell, the autumn after they are one year old, or indeed any time during that season according to circumstances, and the price received for them varies with age and quality from $7.50 all the way up to $15 per head. The lambs are dropped about March, and when they are ready to wean after harvest, are put out upon the stubbles to eat the "seeds" that were sown in the spring, and at night perhaps folded upon a turnip field as soon as the latter is ready. But Mr. C. keeps a great many sheep out a-boarding, as we might express it; that is, there are many smaller farmers, who do not have the means of keeping a large flock the year round, and who are glad to take in those of their neighbors both upon their stubbles and to eat their turnips. For the lambs thus sent out upon stubbles on other farms, about 3 cents a head per week is paid. The price paid for turnip land is in the neighborhood of 6 cents a week for each head, though it varies with the character of the crop, &c.; when it does not exceed this price, Mr. C. considers that there is room for profit to the owner of the sheep. Sometimes he has flocks at a distance of 50 miles or even more, and a great advantage of this method to the small farmer, arises from the fact, that while the few sheep he would want to keep might be all winter in eating his turnips off, if 500 or 600 come upon his fields at once, they are all cleared by Christmas and ready for plowing.

We walked through a field which produced a crop of wheat last year. Mr. C. had also obtained from it, what is called a stubble or "stolen crop" of turnips,-seed drilled in rows 18 inches apart as soon as possible after harvest, and the roots folded off this spring. He calculates the value of such a crop at about $7.50 per acre, for a fair yield will keep 20 sheep 6 weeks-an equivalent at the rate paid for turnips elsewhere to $7.20, while their manure upon the land is rated as worth about 3 cwt. of guano-more, probably, than the cost of sowing and cultivation. The latter consists in the use of Garrett's horsehoe five or six times, according to the necessity of the case, and in one thinning and hoeing by hand, followed by a forking off of the weeds, costing about 50 cents per acre. This spring, after the turnips had been fed off, the land was scarified and plowed. Beets were sown about the first of May, after a manuring of from 8 to 12 loads of farm-yard dung per acre-the sheep-folds having supplied the adIn another letter, we shall see that Mr. CRISP occupies two other

arms beside that of "Butley Abbey."

Sometime in March of the third year, the land is scarified for barley, with additional manure, if the sheep have not already supplied enough. Mr. Crisp drills in six to eight pecks per acre, and sows also twelve to fourteen or sixteen pounds of "small seeds," with rye grass, pretty much in the following proportion:

8 lbs. red clover.
4 lbs, trefoil.

2 lbs. white clover.
1 to 2 pecks rye grass.

The trefoil or yellow clover, as it is also called, is considered very valuable for sheep. If this "layer crop,' as it is called, is far enough advanced in autumn, it is fed off that season a little; the next spring, at any rate, it is ready either for grazing or to come on for hay,-yielding of the latter an average of about two tons per acre-thus completing the rotation in the ordinary "four course shift."

In October the land is plowed, or earlier if necessary, having previously received a coating of manure. Mr. C. sometimes uses a haymaking machine to spread his manure with; hereafter I shall be able to give a cut of this implement, as well as of the scarifier referred to above. Wheat is then sown, coming forward as the first crop in the sueceeding quadrennial series; and here I may close for the present, for I find that we should have to linger longer than time will now permit, in order to see the rest of the stock, and take a drive to the other farms under our host's cultivation, in one chapter. L. H. T.

INFLUENCE OF THE SURFACE SOIL.

There is something remarkable in the influence on vegetable growth, of the upper stratum of the soil. Take, for example, its effect on the growth of young trees. If a young peach tree, for instance, is allowed to stand in a good soil, which from neglect becomes hardened and crusted on the surface, it will make but a few inches growth in a single season. But if, instead of becoming crusted, the surface of the soil for only an inch or two downwards, is kept mellow, and daily stirred, the growth of the tree will be more than double, and sometimes more than quadrupled, although the roots may all be below the stirred portion. A more striking difference occurs when the surface is allowed in one instance to become coated with grass, and in the other is kept mellow. Although the roots of the grass extend downwards but a few inches, yet we have known this mere surface-coating so to retard the growth of large peach trees, that they would not make more than three or four inches growth, while similar trees, standing in mellow cultivated ground, grew from two to three feet in a season. The roots of these trees were mostly a foot below the surface.

markable surface influence, but merely to point out the We do not propose here to discuss the theory of this refacts, and to suggest some important practical hints.

Manure for trees and crops operates in two important The first and most obvious is by its direct supplies ways. to the small rootlets in the soil. To afford such supplies in the best manner, it should be finely pulverized, and minutely diffused through the soil at just such a depth as

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