(Nos. 9 to 15.) Baffin's Bay, Eastern Arctic Ocean, and Spitzbergen.

Observed at the following places, viz. :

Arctic Ocean, longitude 11° 20' W. to 23° E., by Scoresby for 717 days in the springs and summers of 1807 to 1818; by Parry for 25 days in the spring of 1827; and by the French Commission' for 35 days in the summer of 1839.

Baffin's Bay, by Ross for 28 days in the summer of 1818; by Snow for 22 days, and by Penny for 38 days in the summer of 1850; by Kane for 25 days in the summers of 1850 and 1853; and by McClintock for 52 days in the autumn of 1857, and for 52 days in the summers of 1857 and 1858. Bell Sound, Southern Spitzbergen, by the French Commission' for 12 days in July and August, Slaadberg, Southern Spitzbergen, S 1838.

Heckla Cove, Northern Spitzbergen, by Parry from June 20th to August 28th, 1827.
Magdalena Bay, Northern Spitzbergen, by the French Commission' for 12 days in August, 1839.

Remarks.-The observations made in this zone, though much more abundant than in the preceding one, are still too meagre to afford results that can be confidently relied upon. Of the thirty resultants, computed for seasons, taking into account only the relative length of time during which the several winds prevailed, thirteen are from the N. E. quarter, three from the S. E., eight from the S. W., and six from the N. W. Only four places-Northumberland Sound, Port Refuge, Port Foulke, and Rensselaer Bay, afford data for computing the resultant for each season of the year, and hence for the whole year. At two of these the annual resultant is northeasterly, at one southeasterly, and at one southwesterly.

At Port

The meteorological observers connected with this expedition were Professors C. B. Lilliehook, Charles Boeck, and J. Durocher, and Messrs. V. Lattin, A. Bravais, P. A. Siljestrom, J. Gennet, E. Normand, C. Martins, A. Fleurist de Langle, U. W. de Gyldenstolpe, R. Angles, J. de la Roche Poncie, G. Ferré, A. de Chastellier, A. Fabvre, E. Pottier, and N. de St. Vulfram.

2 Nos. 11 and 12 combined.

3 The resultant for this season is obtained by combining the observations of Parry for 25 days, as given in the text, with those of Scoresby for 371 days, which are as follows, viz.: N. by W. to N. N. E. 892, N. E. by N. to E. N. E. 445, E. by N. to E. S. E. 243, S. E. by E. to S. S. E. 277, S. by E. to S. S. W. 250, S. W. by S. to W. S. W. 185, W. by S. to W. N. W. 256, N. W. by W. to N. N. W. 661, calm or variable 501.

4 The resultant for this season is obtained by combining the observations of the French Commission for 35 days, as given in the text, with those of Scoresby for 346 days, which are as follows, viz.: N. by W. to N. N. E. 567, N. E. by N: to E. N. E. 232, E. by N. to E. S. E. 191, S. E. by E. to S. S. E. 297, S. by E. to S. S. W. 538, S. W. by S. to W. S. W. 417, W. by S. to W. N. W. 218, N. W. by W. to N. N. W. 418, calm or variable 672.

Foulke and Rensselaer Bay resultants are also computed for the number of miles travelled by the wind, but they do not differ much in direction from those computed for time only; and at both these places monsoon influence can be perceived. At the former it is southwesterly in summer and northeasterly in winter. At the latter it is northwesterly in summer and southeasterly in winter.

ZONE No. 4.

LATITUDE 70° To 75° NORTH.

The data for the study of the winds of this zone consist of observations made in the following portions of it:

1st. Arctic seas of North America and Greenland, and islands in the same, for an aggregate period of more than twelve and a half years, beside the observations on Baring's Island by McClure, which were not regularly recorded, but appear only in the form of incidental allusions.

2d. Western Greenland, at Upernavik, for eight years.

3d. Arctic Ocean, between Greenland and the coast of Norway, for an aggregate period of 432 days.

4th. Finmark, at two stations, for periods severally of eight and fourteen years. 5th. Arctic Ocean, north of Europe, for two months.

6th. Eastern part of Nova Zembla for four and a half years.

7th. Northern Siberia and the adjacent seas for an aggregate period of over two and a half years, besides numerous notices and remarks by Wrangel in regard to the winds of this part of the Arctic Ocean.

The aggregate length of time during which observations were regularly recorded in this zone, and incorporated into this work, is therefore over 51 years.

At sea (longitude 155° to 175° W.), on board the New Bedford whaling barques Cleone, Roscoe, and Helen Snow, for 466 days in the summers and autumns of the years 1859 to 1861, and 1864 to 1870, both inclusive; also by Anthon Schonborn on board the ship Vincennes, under direction of Commander John Rogers, for five days in the summer of 1855, while engaged in the second Japan Expedition.

At sea (longitude 50° to 110° W.), by John Ross for 53 days in the summer and autumn of 1818; by Parry for 101 days in the summers and autumns of 1819, 1820, 1824, and 1825; by Snow for 31 days in the summer and autumn of 1850; by Penny for 101 days in the springs and summers of 1850, 1851, and (?) 1852; by Kane for 305 days in the years 1850 to 1853 inclusive; by Kellet and McClure for 64 days in the summer of 1853; and by McClintock for 159 days in the years 1857, 1858, and 1859. Total 814 days.

Assistance Harbor, Boothia Felix, by Penny from September 1st, 1850, to August 11th, 1851; all, except for the first 12 days, being made at the anchorage.

Baring's Island, by McClure in the year 1853 (?).

Dealy Island, by McDongal, on board the ship Resolute, from September 2d, 1852, to April 30th, 1854, with the exception of the month of January, 1854. From September 9th to November 12th, 1853, the ship was drifting with the ice from latitude 74° 59′ to 74° 30′, and from longitude 105° 38′ to 101° 11' W.

Felix Harbor, Boothia Felix, under direction of John Ross from October 1st, 1829, to September 30th, 1830.

Melville Island and vicinity, by Parry from August 28th, 1819, to August 27th, 1820. For 314 days the observations were made at Winter Harbor, on the southern shore of the island; for 48 days along the southern shore, and for the remaining four days a little eastward from the island.

Port Bowen and vicinity, by Parry at Port Bowen, from September 28th, 1824, to July 19th, 1825, in Prince Regent's Inlet for 46 days, and in the neighboring seas for 24 days, to complete the year. Port Kennedy and vicinity, by McClintock from August 19th, 1858, to August 18th, 1859, viz. : at the port from September 16th, 1858, to August 8th, 1859; in Bellot Straits, and other places within 60 miles of the port, from August 19th to September 15th, 1858, and from August 9th to 15th, 1859, and during the 16th, 17th, and 18th of August, 1859, in Prince Regent's Inlet, at distances from the port varying from 60 to 160 miles.

Sheriff's Harbor, Boothia Felix, by John Ross from October 1st, 1830, to September 30th, 1831. Victoria Harbor, Boothia Felix, by John Ross from October 1st, 1831, to March 31st, 1832.

(No. 1.)

Arctic Ocean. Longitude 155° to 175° W.

Summer. North 119, N. N. E. 18, N. E. 126, E. N. E. 9. East 30, E. S. E. 14, S. E. 23, S. S. E. 14. South 32, S. S. W. 7, S. W. 43, W. S. W. 22. West 26, W. N. W. 7, N. W. 45, N. N. W 22. Calm or variable 24. Direction of resultant N. 14° 1' E. Ratio of resultant to sum of winds .30. Number of days 286.

Autumn. North 60, N. N. E. 17, N. E. 135, E. N. E. 7. East 24, E. S. E. 2, S. E. 12, S. S. E. 0. South 30, S. S. W. 4, S. W. 15, W. S. W. 6. West 21, W. N. W. 2, N. W. 7, N. N. W. 10. Calm or variable 8. Direction of resultant N. 34° 14′ E. Ratio of resultant to sum of winds .44.

Captain McClure, speaking of the possibility of effecting a passage toward the northeast, on the southeast side of the island, between it and Prince Albert's Land, in latitude 72° 50' to 73° 13′, and longitude 115° to 118°, says, "I considered it not practicable, except under the favorable circumstance of a continuance of southwesterly winds, which would drive the ice into Barrow Strait; but I imagine there would be but little difficulty in coming in from the N. E., from which quarter we found the winds to prevail." Again, speaking of the sea on the northwest side of the island, he says, "we have invariably remarked that there is a decidedly easterly current" (i. e. toward the east) "which impels the enormous polar floes in that course; while the lighter, influenced by the wind, is oftentimes setting in the opposite direction."

The direction of the resultants for the several months of the year were as follows, viz. :— January, N. 7° 8' W.; February, N. 16° 5' W.; March, N. 14° 22′ W.; April, N. 9° 55′ E.; May, N. 12° 49′ W.; June, N. 56° 8' W.; July, N. 34° 16′ W.; August N. 64° 17′ W.; September, N. 29° 48′ W.; October, N. 37° 40′ W.; November, N. 17° 37' W.; December, N. 10° 51' E.

Computed from observations made under the direction of John Ross, from October 1, 1829, September 30, 1830, which for the entire period were as follows :—

to

Computed from observations made as in the preceding number, from October 1, 1830, to September 30, 1831, which for the entire period were as follows:

1832, thus

Computed from the same observations as the two preceding numbers, together with those made, under the same direction, at Victoria Harbor, from October 1, 1831, to March 31, embracing an aggregate period of 2 years, from October 1, 1829, to March 31, 1832.1

January

412 0 6 4 140 8 261

2342

February 324 0 54 8 124

6

14

0 244

March

308 0 76 20 228

86

April

363 0132 33 243 30

135

May

228 18 111

0 348 18

32 766 214 692 N. 47° 28′ W.) .28 0 910 24 734 N. 45 21 W. .21 4 314 8 848 16 1190 N. 50 16 W. .23 3 436 84 561 78 333 N. 36 41 W. .35 210 15 297 +36 429 93 387 N. 28 48 W. .30 576 21 120 165 0 360 24 204 9 432 N. 71 56 W. .26 123 0 42 75 36 228 12 192 66 525 N. 11 33 E. .35 August 126 18 81 27 294 78 120 33 462 96 546 93 306 N. 21 11 W. .35 September 114 21 159 51 213 51 123 30 204 171 651 300 249 N. 32 18 W. .35 October 274 2128 46 300 74 176 34 638 66 356 268 350 N. 54 01 W. .32 November 156 10 24 0 204 0 88 0 286 32 180 70 798 N. 1 43 E. .19 December 196 052 2 216 0 44 0 418 28 694 30 952 N. 44 34 W. .17 Spring 899 18 319 53 819 48 431 22 1047 12 1838 187 1910 N. 37 32 W. .22 Summer 825 39 243 27 987 90 360 69 1050 132 942 168 1263 N. 21 24 W. .29 Autumn 544 33 311 97 717 125 387 64 1128 269 1187 638 1397 N. 27 44 W. .27 Winter 932 0112 14 480 14 84 21004 60 2370 268 2378] N. 46 03 W. .24 The year 3200 90 985 191 3003 277 1262 157 4229 589 6337 1261 6948 N. 34 55 W. .24

1 As the observations from October to March inclusive cover an aggregate period of three half years, while those for the remaining months cover only two, the former are multiplied by 2 and the latter by 3, in order to equalize them, and give to those of each month their due weight in determining the resultants for the seasons and year.