in currency or postal money order should accompany each application made by a citizen of the United States. Orders should be made payable to the Disbursing Clerk of the Department of State. Drafts or checks will not be accepted.

3. APPLICATIONS. - A person who is entitled to receive a passport, if within the United States, must make a written application, in the form of an affidavit, to the Secretary of State. The application must be made by the person to whom the passport is to be issued and signed by him, as it is not competent for one person to apply for another.

The affidavit must be attested by an officer authorized to administer oaths, and if he has an official seal it must be affixed. If he has no seal, his official character must be authenticated by certificate of the proper legal officer.

If the applicant signs by mark, two attesting witnesses to his signature are required. The applicant is required to state the date and place of his birth, his occupation, the place of his permanent residence, and within what length of time he will return to the United States with the purpose of residing and performing the duties of citizenship.

The applicant must take the oath of allegiance to the Government of the United States.

The application must be accompanied by a description of the person applying, and should state the following particulars, viz: Age, inches (English measure); forehead,

feet

; stature,

; hair,

; eyes, ; com

The application must be accompanied by a certificate from at least one credible witness that the applicant is the person he represents himself to be, and that the facts stated in the affidavit are true to the best of the witness's knowledge and belief.

4. NATIVE CITIZENS.

An application containing the information indicated by rule 3 will be sufficient evidence in the case of native citizens; but

A person of the Chinese race, alleging birth in the United States, must obtain from the Commissioner of Immigration or Chinese Inspector in Charge at the port through which he proposes to leave the country a certificate upon his application, under the seal of such officer, showing that there has been granted to him by the latter a return certificate in accordance with rule 16 of the Chinese Regulations of the Department of Commerce and Labor. For this purpose special blank forms of application for passports are provided.

Passports issued by the Department of State or its diplomatic or consular representatives are intended for identification and protection in foreign countries, and not to facilitate entry into the United States, immigration being under the supervision of the Department of Commerce and Labor.

5. A PERSON BORN ABROAD WHOSE FATHER WAS A NATIVE CITIZEN OF THE UNITED STATES. In addition to the statements required by rule 3, his application must show that his father was born in the United States, resided

therein, and was a citizen at the time of the applicant's birth. The Department may require that this affidavit be supported by that of one other citizen acquainted with the facts.

6. NATURALIZED CITIZENS. In addition to the statements required by rule 3, a naturalized citizen must transmit his certificate of naturalization, or a duly certified copy of the court record thereof, with his application. It will be returned to him after inspection. He must state in his affidavit when and from what port he emigrated to this country, what ship he sailed on, where he has lived since his arrival in the United States, when and before what court he was naturalized, and that he is the identical person described in the certificate of naturalization. The signature to the application should conform in orthography to the applicant's name as written in his certificate of naturalization, or an explanation of the difference should be submitted.

7. WOMAN'S APPLICATION. If she is unmarried, in addition to the statements required by rule 3, she should state that she has never been married. If she is the wife or widow of a native citizen of the United States the fact should be made to appear in her application, which should be made according to the form prescribed for a native citizen whether she was born in this country or abroad. If she is the wife or widow of a naturalized citizen, in addition to the statements required by rule 3, she must transmit for inspection her husband's certificate of naturalization or a certified copy of the court record thereof, must state that she is the wife (or widow) of the person described therein, and must set forth the facts of his emigration, naturalization, and residence, as required in the rules governing the application of a naturalized citizen.

(A married woman's citizenship follows that of her husband so far as her international status is concerned. It is essential, therefore, that a woman's marital relations be indicated in her application for a passport, and that in the case of a married woman her husband's citizenship be established.)

8. THE CHILD OF A NATURALIZED CITIZEN CLAIMING CITIZENSHIP THROUGH THE NATURALIZATION OF THE PARENT. In addition to the statements required by rule 3, the applicant must state that he or she is the son or daughter, as the case may be, of the person described in the certificate of naturalization, which must be submitted for inspection, and must set forth the facts of emigration, naturalization, and residence, as required in the rule governing the application of a naturalized citizen.

9. A RESIDENT OF AN INSULAR POSSESSION OF THE UNITED STATES WHO OWES ALLEGIANCE TO THE UNITED STATES. - In addition to the statements required by rule 3, he must state that he owes allegiance to the United States and that he does not acknowledge allegiance to any other government; and must submit affidavits from at least two credible witnesses having good means of knowledge in substantiation of his statements of birth, residence and loyalty.

10. EXPIRATION OF

PASSPORT. A passport expires two years from

the date of its issuance. A new one will be issued upon a new application, and, if the applicant be a naturalized citizen, the old passport will be accepted in lieu of a certificate of naturalization, if the application upon which it was issued is found to contain sufficient information as to the naturalization of the applicant. Passports are not renewed by the Department, but a person abroad holding a passport issued by the Department may have it renewed for a period of two years upon presenting it to a diplomatic or principal consular officer of the United States when it is about to expire.

11. WIFE, MINOR CHILDREN, AND SERVANTS. When the applicant is accompanied by his wife, minor children, or servant who would be entitled to receive a passport, it will be sufficient to state the fact, giving the respective ages of the children and the allegiance of the servant, when one passport will suffice for all. For any other person in the party a separate passport will be required. A woman's passport may include her minor children and servant under the above-named conditions.

(The term servant does not include a governess, tutor, pupil, companion, or persons holding like relations to the applicant for a passport.) 12. TITLES. Professional and other titles will not be inserted in pass ports.

13. BLANK FORMS OF APPLICATION. - They will be furnished by the Department to persons who desire to apply for passports, but are not furnished, except as samples, to those who make a business of procuring passports.

14. ADDRESS. Communications should be addressed to the Department of State, Bureau of Citizenship, and each communication should give the post-office address of the person to whom the answer is to be directed.

Section 4075 of the REVISED STATUTES OF THE UNITED STATES, as amended by the Act of Congress, approved June 14, 1902, provides that "the Secretary of State may grant and issue passports, and cause passports to be granted, issued and verified in foreign countries by such diplomatic or consular officers of the United States, and by such chief or other executive officer of the insular possessions of the United States, and under such rules as the President shall designate and prescribe for and on behalf of the United States." The foregoing rules are accordingly prescribed for the granting and issuing of passports in the United States.

The Secretary of State is authorized to make regulations on the subject of granting and issuing passports additional to these rules and not inconsistent with them.

THE WHITE HOUSE,

June 7, 1911.

Wм. H. TAFT.

We pass now to a consideration of those passports which may be issued to persons who are not citizens of the United States.

On June 6, 1906, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, through Hon. James Breck Perkins, reported:

* * *

It is the opinion of the committee that legislation is required to settle some of the embarrassing questions that arise in reference to citizenship, expatriation, and the protection of Americans abroad. We should be glad if the Secretary of State would select some of the gentlemen connected with the State Department who have given special attention to these subjects, have them prepare a report and propose legislation that could be considered by Congress at the next session.

* * *

If a bill remedying such evils as may exist is submitted at the beginning of the next session it shall have the careful attention of this committee, and if its contents are approved we will make every endeavor to have it promptly enacted into law."

This proposal came in place of a favorable report on the joint resolution which had passed the Senate April 13, 1906, providing for the appointment of a commission of persons, not all in the Department, to examine into the subjects of citizenship, expatriation and protection abroad and make recommendations for legislation if deemed advisable. Acting on the suggestion of the committee, Secretary Elihu Root appointed James Brown Scott, then the Solicitor of the Department, David Jayne Hill, then Minister of the United States to the Netherlands, and Gaillard Hunt, then Chief of the Passport Bureau, a board "to enquire into the laws and practice regarding citizenship of the United States, expatriation and protection abroad and report recommendations for legislation." Samuel B. Crandall, Ph. D., then a clerk in the Library of the Department, was detailed as Secretary of the Board. The result of the Board's labors was a report sent to the Speaker of the House of Representatives December 18, 1906, and printed by order of Congress, a volume 538 pages in length, the contents being the Board's recommendations and discussion and appendices giving judicial decisions on citizenship, texts of laws, tables of cases and laws of foreign countries, the whole constituting the most comprehensive compilation on the subject of nationality ever published.

7 Rept. No. 4784, 59th Cong., 1st Sess.

8 House Doc. No. 326, 59th Cong., 2d Sess.

8

One of the recommendations of the Board was

That the protection of this government be accorded to those who have made the declaration of intention to become citizens of the United States and who go abroad for brief sojourn, but that such protection should not be effective in the country of their origin and should not extend to those who have resided in the United States for a less period than three

years.

Following this recommendation the Act of March 2, 1907, was passed, providing that qualified passports might be issued to persons who have made the declaration of intention to become citizens of the United States under such rules as the Secretary of State might prescribe.

The rules adopted by the Secretary of State are:

RULES GOVERNING THE GRANTING AND ISSUING OF PASSPORTS TO THOSE WHO HAVE DECLARED THEIR INTENTION TO BECOME CIIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES.

1. The first section of the act approved March 2, 1907, "in reference to the expatriation of citizens and their protection abroad," provides "That the Secretary of State shall be authorized, in his discretion, to issue passports to persons not citizens of the United States as follows: Where any person has made a declaration of intention to become such a citizen as provided by law and has resided in the United States for three years, a passport may be issued to him entitling him to the protection of the Government in any foreign country: Provided, That such passport shall not be valid for more than six months and shall not be renewed, and that such passport shall not entitle the holder to the protection of this Government in the country of which he was a citizen prior to making such declaration of intention."

2. This section is not intended to confer upon persons who have only declared their intention to become citizens a general right to receive passports upon application. Such passports will be issued only when it is affirmatively shown to the Secretary of State that some special exigency requires the temporary absence of the applicant from the United States, and that without such absence the applicant would be subjected to special hardship or injury.. 3. Such passports will not be issued to those who have made the declaration of intention and who have failed, through their own neglect, to complete their intention and secure naturalization as citizens of the United States; nor to those who may make the declaration of intention in order to secure passports and leave the United States, nor shall more than one such passport be issued to any applicant.

4. It is therefore ordered that before a passport shall be issued to anyone