led him to think that, if the result were embodied in the form of a treatise on parliamentary government as administered in Great Britain, it might prove of practical value both in England and her colonies. As the fruit of his labours, the Author submits to the public the present work, which, while trenching as little as possible on ground already worthily occupied by former writers, may be found, he hopes, to supply information upon branches of constitutional knowledge hitherto overlooked.

In attempting to define the limits between the authority of the Crown and that of the Legislature under parliamentary government, he has never relied upon his own interpretations, but has always illustrated the matter in hand by reference to the best opinions recorded in the debates of Parliament, or in evidence before select committees of either House. It is in the abundant use of such valuable material, never before incorporated in any similar treatise, that the chief claim of this work to public attention must consist.

Parliamentary Reform: a Series of Speeches on that Subject delivered in the House of Commons by the Right Hon. B. DISRAELI (1848-1866). Edited by MONTAGU CORRY, B.A. of Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-at-Law. 8vo. pp. 492, price 12s. cloth.

[January 24, 1867.

THESE Speeches, delivered between the years 1848 and 1866, were made by a Member of Parliament who, during the whole interval, was either Leader of the Opposition or principal Minister of the QUEEN in the House of Commons.

They represent, therefore, the opinions of a Party, and there is the highest authority for stating that, with few exceptions, the views which they represent were, after due deliberation, adopted by every eminent man who has since sat in the councils of Lord DERBY.

These Speeches, as the Editor states in his preface, may thus be regarded as forming a complete and consistent record of the main opinions of a great party in the State during the important period in which a further change of the constitution of the House of Commons has been in agitation.

The Official Correspondence on the Claims of the United States in respect to the 'Alabama.' (Published by Authority.) 8vo. pp. 286, price 7s. 6d. cloth. [January 21, 1867.

THE

THE Preface to this work states that the misrepresentations in the newspapers, both English and American, of the important questions

of International Law involved in the cases of the Alabama and Shenandoah, have rendered it necessary to bring under the notice of the British Nation, in one publication, all the official correspondence on this subject, taken from the various papers submitted at different times to Parliament. An APPENDIX contains the correspondence which took place between the United States and Portugal with reference to claims made by the latter for injuries inflicted upon the commerce of Portugal by vessels fitted out in American harbours, 1816-1851.

Inaugural Address delivered to the University of St. Andrews, Feb. 1, 1867. By JOHN STUART MILL, Rector of the University. 8vo. pp. 102, price 5s. cloth.

IN

[February 2, 1867. N this Address the Author has thought it right to take a general survey of the various branches of human knowledge, in order to determine the office and work of a University in reference to them, the general conclusion being that Universities are not places for professional education, but schools in which men may acquire principles and methods of universal application in all the concerns of life. A Uriversity must therefore have an equal regard for the literary and the scientific portions of education, and in the former it must work chiefly through the study of language; but the only languages and literature to which the Author would allow a place in the ordinary curriculum are those of the Greeks and Romans, not merely because in these we read history in the original sources, but because we may derive from them a stock of wise thought and observation still valuable to ourselves. In them we have, further, the best basis for the study both of Grammar and Logic, a study which will teach us to question all things, never to turn away from any difficulty, to accept no doctrine either from ourselves or from other people without a rigid scrutiny by negative criticism, letting no fallacy, or incoherence, or confusion of thought slip by unperceived, and above all, to insist upon having the meaning of a word clearly understood before using it, and the meaning of a proposition before assenting to it.

The value of scientific instruction is more readily appreciated. Our whole working power depends on knowing the laws of the world, in other words, the properties of the things which we have to work with, and to work among, and to work upon. To attain this knowledge it is indispensable that we should be able to judge correctly of evidence, and this power is the

result of a due study of Mathematics and Logic. From the former we learn to realise the fact that there actually is a road to truth by means of reasoning, the latter keeps us right in reasoning from premises and in concluding from observations.

The less perfect sciences, such as Psychology and Political Economy, are of the utmost importance, as presenting fields for the independent exercise of judgment. Learning how to be their own teachers, the students of Universities will become the better fitted for whatever they may have to do; and thus making the University, as it ought to be, a place of free speculation, they will find a deep and varied interest in life, which will increase as all merely personal objects lose their value.

History of Civilization in England and France, Spain and Scotland. By HENRY THOMAS BUCKLE. Fifth Edition of the entire Work, complete in 3 vols. crown 8vo. price 24s. cloth. [January 26, 1867.

MR..

TR. BUCKLE'S work is now so well known that an attempt to summarise its contents becomes almost a superfluous task. His attempt to achieve for history that which has been done in many branches of physical science, and, by bringing up the department of historical inquiry to a level with other departments, to maintain the balance and harmony of our knowledge, was one which no one man could well expect to carry through. It can scarcely be denied that he has gathered together a vast mass of data, and, by grouping them with extraordinary skill, has reached some conclusions which few will venture to question, and drawn many inferences which deserve the most serious attention.

The plan of the work, which is primarily a comparison of English civilization with that of some other countries, involves, in fact, a general survey of the conditions under which civilization has been developed, checked, or repressed, in all countries. For this purpose it was necessary to examine the effects produced by climate, food, soil, and the general aspect of nature, on the organisation of society and the character of individuals, and from these to pass on to the circumstances which have influenced the mental activity of the several European nations. The Author was thus obliged to analyse minutely the effects of religion, literature, and government on the English mind, and to enter more fully into the history of the English intellect from the middle of the sixteenth century; his conclusion from this analysis being that all improvements are due to the sceptical or inquiring spirit, to

which the Clergy were, for the most part, strenuously opposed.

In the second volume the Author sketches the history of the French intellect during the same period, the chief point of difference between the two nations bing found in the protective spirit which prevented the French from becoming free. To this cause is traced the failure of the Fronde, while the weakness of this spirit accounts for the success of the Rebellion in England. The reaction against this spirit in France issued in the great Revolution, with which the eighteenth century drew to its close; and the proximate causes of this change are therefore traced out, and are found to resolve themselves into an increased knowledge of natural phenomena. The remainder of the work is taken up with an examination of the history of the Spanish and Scottish intellects. Before entering on this part of his task the Author had, as he conceived, established the following propositions: —(1) That the progress of mankind is measured by their knowledge of physical laws; (2) That such knowledge must be preceded by a spirit of scepticism, which, at first aiding the investigation, is afterwards aided by it; (3) That the discoveries thus made increase the influence of intellectual truths, and diminish (relatively, not absolutely) the influence of moral truths; and (4) That the great enemy of civilization is the protective spirit, by which term is meant the notion that society cannot prosper unless the affairs of life are watched over and protected at nearly every turn by the State and the Church. To the absolute predominance of this protective spirit in Spain the Author traces the paralysis of Spanish intellect and energy; for this spirit fostered superstition, and superstition strengthened ignorance, which in its turn shut out the only means by which another state of things could be brought about.

The last volume is occupied with a sketch of the intellectual history of Scotland, a country very unlike Spain in regard to loyalty, but closely resembling it in superstition. Having traced this history down to the time of the Reformation, the Author next examines the double paradox ‘(1) That the same people should be liberal in politics and illiberal in religion; and (2) That the free and sceptical literature which they produced in the eighteenth century should have been unable to lessen their religious illiberality. This illiberal spirit the Author ascribes to the immense power possessed by the Clergy in the seventeenth century, who, availing themselves of the religious character imparted to the Scottish struggle with Charles I., indulged in language of extraordinary arrogance; and in order still more to intimidate the people, advo

cated horrible notions concerning evil spirits and future punishments, and represented the Deity as a cruel, passionate, and sanguinary Being. The result was the banishment of all mirth, innocent gaiety, and nearly all physical enjoyment, and thus the national character was mutilated by a Clergy more ascetic than those of any other branch of the Catholic Church, except the Spanish, since they attempted to destroy the affections and to sever the holiest ties of domestic love.

more

The last chapter of the work contains a full and minute analysis of Scotch philosophy, the whole of which is shown to be deductive. But, inasmuch as induction is more accessible to average understandings, and therefore popular, the Scotch literature of the eighteenth century was unable to affect the nation, and unable, therefore, to weaken the national superstition. These superstitions the Author regards as essentially irreligious, the only means for eradicating them being the advance of physical knowledge. The final issue of this knowledge will, in the Author's opinion, be the demolition of the whole fabric of superstition, and the establishment of the conviction that from the beginning there has been no discrepancy, no disorder, no interruption, no interference; but that all the events which surround us, even to the furthest limits of the material creation, are but different parts of a single scheme, which is permeated by one glorious principle of universal and undeviating regularity.

The History of India from the Earliest Period to the Close of Lord Dalhousie's Administration. By JOHN CLARK MARSHMAN. VOLS. I. and II. crown 8vo. pp. 900, price 15s. cloth. [January 23, 1867.

VOL. III. price 7s. 6d. completing the work, will appear in April. THIS work was undertaken, at the instance of

the University of Calcutta, for the use of those who were desirous of competing for its honours. The object of the Author has been to present to readers in England, as well as in India, a brief and compendious narrative of the progress of the British Empire in the East, within a reasonable and readable compass. He brings to the compilation of it the experience of more than thirty years passed in India, during which period he enjoyed the advantage of personal intercourse with the prime actors in the public transactions of the time, and was enabled to trace them to their source. The first six chapters are occupied with a brief outline of the Hindoo and Mahommedan periods of Indian His

tory. The facts connected with the British period have been carefully winnowed from conflicting evidence. The opinions recorded of men and events are the result of his own researches and observations, and aspire to no higher merit than that of impartiality. The work closes with the Administration of Lord DALHOUSIE. The causes and the circumstances of the great Mutiny of 1857 are still within the domain of politics, and are, moreover, too recent for historical judgment.

Egypt's Place in Universal History; an Historical Investigation, in Five Books. By CHRISTIAN C. J. BUNSEN, D.Ph. D.C.L. Translated from the German by C. H. COTTRELL, M.A. Second Edition of the First Volume, with Notes and Additions by SAMUEL BIRCH, LL.D. Pp. 830, with 6 Lithographic Plates of Figures and numerous Woodcuts of Hieroglyphics in the Text. 8vo. price 31s. 6d. cloth.

[February 9, 1867. SIXTEEN years have elapsed since the pub lication of the first edition of this volume, and during that time immense strides have been made in the knowledge of the Egyptian language and literature by the labours both of Continental and English students. The science of Egyp tology, which at first had been received with partial favour, has received strong corroboration from the discovery of a bilingual tablet at Tanis, by Professor LEPSIUS, being a decree in honour of PTOLEMY EUERGETES I. by the priests at Canopus, B. C. 239, set up by order of the Synod in the temple of Tanis, and containing an inscription of 37 lines of hieroglyphics translated by 76 lines of Greek writing. It is to be regretted that this monument was not discovered earlier, as it might have dispelled the doubts which filled the minds of some inquirers, whose criticism was, in the judgment of the Editor, carried beyond the fair and lawful ground of historical or philological scepticism. In order to make this edition not merely a repetition of the former one, but to render its philology such as it may be conceived BUNSEN would have left it, if he had survived to revise the work, it has been necessary to prune some and to enlarge other portions of the text. The new portions introduced into the body of the work have been carefully marked by brackets [], and the notes of the Editor have the Editor's initial attached, his labours having been restricted to the rectification of the philological details and the notice of some recently discovered monuments. In the philological portion of the work the grammar has

been abridged, as a fuller one will be given with hieroglyphical examples in the fifth volume: the Vocabulary has been recast, the doubtful words thrown out, and the references carefully collated. To the corrected list of hieroglyphical signs several new ones have been added; and in the Appendix of authorities the passage of CHÆREMON, not known when the first edition passed through the press, has been inserted.

Australia As It Is; or, Facts and Features,
Sketches and Incidents, of Australia and
Australian Life: with Notices of New
Zealand. By a CLERGYMAN, Thirteen Years
Resident in the Interior of New South
Wales. 8vo. pp. 380, price 7s. 6d. cloth.
[February 27, 1867.

very

HE Author. of this work having had THE varied as well as ample opportunities for observing Colonial life in all its phases, he trusts that readers may find in his volume a comprehensive and impartial delineation of Antipodean life and manners, with a clear statement of the natural history of the Bush. The writer's mind has been wholly unbiassed. He has been actuated solely by a regard to the interests of truth. His opinions or inferences may be open to question, but he expresses in the Preface his desire that the facts which he has recorded may be regarded as true. The multitude and variety of these facts are accounted for by the circumstance of the writer having been so long engaged as an itinerant clergyman, during which time he never shut his eyes and ears to what he saw and heard. Having returned to his native land at a time when the political world is in excitement on the question of reform of the representative system, the Author has deemed it his duty to state, so far as came within his view, the results of the most liberal possible extension of the franchise in New South Wales.

The CONTENTS of the work are as follows.

1. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. - Chinese Expedients for Communicating Information to Chinese Settlers-Reasons for Emigrants Refraining from Letter Writing-Precarious Condition of New Settlers -Cautious Gold-Diggers-Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand-Mistakes of Emigrants in not ascer taining the Districts suitable for them-A Local Governor's Advice-Cotton Growing-Manners and Customs-Peculiarities and Uncertainties of Colonial

Legislation.

II. THE BUSH.-First Sight of Australia-Physical Outlines and Configuration-Eastern and Western Falls of the Water-Climate-Queensland-Vegetation in Australia and New Zealand-Birds-FishWild Animals-Reptiles-Insects-Bees-Fruits, Indigenous and European-English Vegetables-Atmo

spheric Peculiarities and Phenomena-Diversity of Country and Climate-Occupation of the LandGeological Wonders-Alligators-New Discoveries.

III. PIONEERING.-Early Settlement-Variety of Country-Cheap Land and Money-Making-Aboriginal Guides-Singular Experiences of a Pioneer -Stories about Blacks-Shooting a Tribe-Poisoning a Tribe-Savage Blacks-A Bush Fight-Origin of Squatting-Curious Experiences of New SettlersHow Land may be Acquired Cheaply-Aborigines of Australia-Accounts of New Zealand-Aborigines of New Zealand-Facts relating to them.

IV. SQUATTING.-Rapid Appropriation of Territory -How Fortunes are Made and Land AcquiredA Hundred Miles of Land Acquired by One PioneerQueensland Squatting-Squattage Right-Runs and Blocks-Laws affecting Grazing-Value of Stations

-Gold Discovery - Unstocked Runs Destructive Effects of the Scottish Thistle-Sheep Scab-Stamping Out Disease--Farm Servants-House Accommodation-Cattle and Sheep Stations-Schoolmasters and Physicians-Founding of Townships-Camp Followers-Squattage Homes-Land and Land Legislation-Absenteeism and Resident Squatters-Details of Squatting.

VI. SHEPHERDING.--The Shepherd's Mode of Life -Easy Way of Earning a Livelihood-Hutkeepers and Families-Resources for those Unaccustomed to Manual Labour-Wages - Rations-A Commercial Traveller and an Expatriated Irish LandlordShepherding a Stepping-Stone to a Better PositionA Lucky Irishman -Newly-Arrived Emigrants — Scottish Highlanders in Trouble-Encamping Out.

VII. LOST IN THE BUSH.-Bush Directions to Travellers-Bush of Australia and Bush of New Zealand -Died of Starvation-Riding in a Circle-Lost Travellers A Traveller Gone Mad-Bush Prescription for Preventing Loss of Travellers--Short Cuts and Hairbreadth Escapes-Marked Tree Line-Death of a Traveller-Lost Children-Blacks Tracking a Lost Child A Mother and her Lost Child-Aboriginal Guides.

VIII. DROUGHTS AND FLOODS.-Coast and Dividing Ranges A Drought and its Terrible Effects-Singular Origin of a Fire-Hot Winds-Agriculture in the Interior-Travelling on the Road-Sandy and Swelling Blight-Bullock Drivers-Carriers-StockholdersBurning Grass Experience-Dams-OverstockingLosses during the Disastrous Drought of 1865–66Vegetables-Fall of Rain-Seasons of Droughts and Floods, and consequent Losses-Agriculture.