ness to the present volume not attainable without the aid of a hieroglyphical type. *VOL. I. New Edition, revised and enlarged by Dr. BIRCH, price 31s. 6d. VOL. II. price 308. VOLS. III. and IV. price 25s. each; and the Set complete in Five Volumes, price £8 14s. 6d. The History of Philosophy from Thales to Comte. By GEORGE HENRY LEWES. Third Edition, partly re-written and greatly enlarged. 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 1,072, price 30s.cloth. [May 31, 1867. THER IE Author states that this new edition is substantially a new work, and for this reason he has altered its title from the Biographical History of Philosophy,' under which it has hitherto appeared, to the History of Philosophy,' under which he now desires it to be known. The first edition appeared two-and-twenty years ago; the second ten years ago; and the third edition bears no greater resemblance to the first than a grown man bears to a schoolboy. In the Prolegomena, with which the first volume opens, several fundamental questions are discussed. The true position of Philosophy in relation to Theology and Science is defined; and Metaphysics is shown to be a futile pursuit, because it is conducted on a Method on which all problems whatever are insoluble. This leads to a detailed exposition of the Objective and Subjective Methods; in the one Truth is sought by the rigorous confrontation of the order of our ideas with the order of phenomena; in the other it is sought by the logical co-ordination of our ideas without any verification of their correspondence with things. Then follows an inquiry into what properly constitutes the Test of Truth, such as may be accepted equally by those who hold that Experience is the sole fountain of knowledge, and by those who hold that over and above Experience there is another source of knowledge. This Test is shown to be the unthinkableness of the negative. The only infallible judgments are those which express propositions of identity; and all propositions have absolute certainty which reduce Inference to Sensation, or to a necessity of Thought. Under this light the equivalences established by Science are seen to have the same absolute character as identical propositions. Some of the most potent fallacies which are traceable throughout the history of speculation are next examined as Infirmities of Thought; among these, the old fallacy of the Potential, as distinguished from the Actual-the conception of a Plan as determining the succession of phenomena-the conception of a Vital Principle as determining the structure of an organism, and the attribution of knowable properties to existences confessedly unknowable. Finally the Author discusses the vexed question of the origin of knowledge as dependent solely on Experience; and the question of Necessary Truths, which he shows to be quite as much the products of Experience as the so-called Contingent Truths. The distinction between Necessary and Contingent Truth is shown to be a fallacy, all Truths being Necessary Truths, the contingency of the so-called Contingent Truths lying solely in a silent change in the terms of the proposition. Having thus laid the philosophical basis of his criticism, the Author proceeds to exhibit the various Epochs in the history of speculation from the time when, with THALES, Philosophy first disengaged itself from Theology, to our own day, when Philosophy, frankly adopting the Methods and Results of Science, is enabled to offer a Doctrine which is a homogeneous and demonstrated system, complete in all its parts. THIS Dissertations and Discussions, Political, Philosophical, and Historical; reprinted chicfy from the Edinburgh and Westminster Reviews. By JOHN STUART MILL, M.P. for Westminster. VOLS. I. and II. Second Edition, revised. 2 vols. 8vo. pp. 1,050, price 248. cloth. [April 16, 1867. HIS is a reprint, with a few verbal corrections, of the first edition, originally published by the late firm of PARKER, SON, and BOURN, in the year 1859. The papers contained in these volumes include all the miscellaneous productions of the Author which he thinks it desirable to preserve. But while he has removed from them some statements which no longer appear to him to be true, he has not attempted to render papers written at so many different, and some of them at such distant times, a faithful representation of his present state of opinion and feeling. In many instances, however, where an essay taken by itself seems to set forth a defective view of the subject, this de ficiency will be supplied by some other part of this collection. Thus the idea which the review of Mr. SEDGWICK's discourse might appear to warrant, viz. that the writer adheres to the philosophy of the eighteenth century more than is really the case, will be rectified by the subsequent essays on Bentham and Coleridge. The following are the names of the essays which form the collection. 1. The Right and Wrong of State Interference with Corporation and Church Property. 2. The Currency Juggle. 3. The French Revolution. 4. Thoughts on Poetry and its Varieties. 13. DE TOCQUEVILLE on Democracy in America. 16. The Claims of Labour. 17. GUIZOT's Essays and Lectures on History. 18. Early Grecian History and Legend. 19. The French Revolution of 1848. 20. Enfranchisement of Women. 21. Dr. WHEWELL on Moral Philosophy. 22. GROTE'S History of Greece. Dissertations and Discussions, Political, Philosophical, and Historical; reprinted chiefly from the Edinburgh and Westminster Reviews. By JOHN STUART MILL, M.P. for Westminster. VOL. III. 8vo. pp. 380, price [April 16, 1867. 12s. cloth. Contents. 1. Thoughts on Parliamentary Reform. 2. Recent Writers on Reform. 3. BAIN'S Psychology. 4. A Few Words on Non-Intervention. 5. The Contest in America. 6. AUSTIN on Jurisprudence. 7. PLATO. The first of the above papers had reference to the Reform Bill of 1859, but in it the Author discussed questions which must be involved in all honest attempts at Reform, and sought to lay down the principles or objects which should guide statesmen in such attempts,-the first of these objects being the enfranchisement of every adult human being, and the second the apportionment of the influence so given to the individual according to certain just criteria. The second Essay examines the views of some political writers on these subjects, together with those of Mr. HARE on the Representation of Minorities. In a review of Mr. AUSTIN's works on jurisprudence, the nature of law is examined, the modern idea of natural law being traced to its source, and its influence on modern politics pointed out. The paper on non-intervention was written chiefly to show that the doctrine so-called has never yet been considered as a moral question at all, the ordinary misuse of the term having diverted attention from its real meaning, and given rise to fatal misunderstandings among foreigners generally as to the policy and wishes of the British government and people. In the points at issue between the à priori and à posteriori schools of psychology, all thinkers and theologians alike have an immediate interest, whether they may be aware of the fact or not. The most advanced conclusions of the latter school, which resolves the whole contents of the mind into experience, are reviewed in an examination of Mr. BAIN's works on the Senses and the Intellect, and The Emotions and the Will. This experience-philosophy, as distinguished from the intuitive or transcendental, furnishes the point of view from which Mr. GROTE has surveyed the writings of PLATO. In the review of Mr. GROTE's work, the Author has dwelt chiefly on the character of the Sophists and the Platonic theories of reminiscence, knowledge, and the division of labour. Short Studies on Great Subjects. By JAMES ANTHONY FROUDE, M.A. late Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford. 2 vols. post 8vo. pp. 648, price 18s. cloth. [April 4, 1867. THE papers contained in these volumes are reprinted chiefly from Fraser's Magazine and the Westminster Review, the rest being lectures read before the Royal Institution, at Newcastleupon-Tyne, and at Edinburgh. That they relate to subjects many of which excite much anxious thought at the present day will be seen from the TABLE of CONTENTS, which is here subjoined. The Science of History. Times of ERASMUS and LUTHER, Three Lectures. The Influence of the Reformation on the Scottish Character. The Philosophy of Catholicism. A Plea for the Free Dis- The Book of JOB. The Dissolution of the The Lives of the Saints. The Oxford Reformers of 1498; being a History of the Fellow-Work of John Colet, Erasmus, and Thomas More. By FREDERIC SEEBOHM. 8vo. pp. 452, price 12s. cloth. [April 18, 1867. THIS work is an attempt to trace the history MORE from the time of their College intercourse at Oxford in 1498 to the death of COLET in 1519. The materials for this history have been obtained from manuscripts of COLET's in the University Library and the Library of Corpus Christi College at Cambridge, from early editions of the several works of ERASMUS, and other sources. Some portions have already been published in an abridged form, under the above title, in the Fortnightly Review. The questions raised by ERASMUS and COLET are intimately connected with controversies still pending, and their discussions have for thinkers of the present day an interest differing in kind from that which attaches to the theological differences between the Protestant Reformers and Rome. Subjects still gravely debated are found in COLET's Thoughts on the Mosaic Account of the Creation, in the Table-Talk on the Sacrifices of CAIN and ABEL, and in the correspondence on the Inspiration of the Scriptures. Among the several writings of ERASMUS and MORE, the Novum Instrumentum and the Utopia are specially noticed, and the scope and nature of the works explained. The last chapter, which brings the history to the death of COLET, contains some notice of the relations of the Oxford Reformers to the Reformers of Wittenberg. 6 The Keys of St. Peter; or, the House of Rechab, connected with the History of Symbolism and Idolatry. By ERNEST DE BUNSEN, Author of The Hidden Wisdom of Christ, and the Key of Knowledge.' 8vo. pp. 440, price 148. cloth. [April 27, 1867. THE Biblical history of the Kenites, descendants from CAIN or KENAN, represents them as forming a tribe before ISAAC was born. It is suggested that the land between the Euphrates and the Nile, which was inhabited by the Kenaanite before ABRAHAM entered it, was called Kenaan, or Canaan, i. e. lowland, because its inhabitants had migrated at some remote period from the lowland of the Indus, from the country of NOD, to inhabit which CAIN left the paradise, or highland, of Eden. These Kenaanites were a mixed race of Asiatics and Africans, the Aryans having subjugated the non-Aryans on the borders of the Indus in the Vedic period. Suemitism originated in the subjugation of dark-coloured Africans by white-coloured Asiatics. Shemites represented post-diluvian humanity, and Israel the catholicity of mankind. Patriarchal history marks a twofold stream, originating in diversity of colour and caste. At every phase of its history Israel consisted of Kenites, or Rechabites, and Hebrews. In the time of ABRAHAM the Kenites were represented by MELCHIZEDEC, and in the time of MOSES by JETHRO. JOSHUA and CALEB were Kenites. Since SALMA, the ancestor of Boaz, is a descendant from Caleb, the house of DAVID is of non-Abramitic, that is of non-Hebrew, and of Kenite descent. The two Aaronic lines headed respectively the Hebrew and the Kenite party in Israel. The substitution of the junior sacerdotal line for the elder in the time of ELI was a necessary consequence of the battle of Gibeah, when BENJAMIN was disgraced, to which tribe ELI's predecessor belonged. DAVID made peace between the rival lines by the appointment of two high priests. Jewish history is a continued fight between the Aaronic tribes of BENJAMIN and JUDAH for hierarchical supremacy. The Sadducees belonged always to the Hebrews, and the Pharisees to the Kenites. The Kenites represented the tradition of MElchizedec, whilst the Hebrews in the time of MOSES had even forgotten the name of JEHOVAH, in which ABRAHAM was blessed by the king of Salem or Gerizim. Whilst serving JETHRO, MOSES received his call. Henceforth the Kenites never separated from the Hebrews. ELIJAH, ISAIAH, and JEREMIAH were among the Kenite prophets. The key of Davidic, or Kenite tradition, the key. of knowledge, confided to the house of RECHAB, or house of tradition, was by ISAIAH promised to ELIAKIM, a highpriest of the Kenite line. The knowledge which the Kenites desired to propagate among the people, the Hebrews strove to conceal. Thus they took away the key of knowledge. It was restored by Christianity, by the revelation of the mystery kept in silence since the world began.' JESUS, the CHRIST, as son of DAVID, a Kenite, confided the Messianic key to ST. PETER, the representative of the rock of tradition. The mission of the successors of ST. PETER is to bind and to loose, to shut and to open, to seal and to reveal. The tradition of the Roman Church is older than the oldest manuscripts of the New Testament, which date from the fourth century. The Roman Church originated in the synagogue. The Hebrew or Sadducean party, always hostile to the promulgation of tradition, and to catholicity, predominated in Rome during the apostolic period, although ST. PETER founded that Church in the year 41 A.C., a few months after the martyrdom of ST. STEPHEN. Tracts for the Day: Essays on Theological Subjects, by Various Authors. Edited by the Rev. ORBY Shipley, M.A. No. I. Priestly Absolution Scriptural. 8vo. pp. 48, price 9d. [May 4, 1867. No. II. Purgatory, pp. 48, price 9d. stitched. [May 15, 1867. No. III. The Seven Sacraments, just ready. No. IV. Public Law and the Colonial Church, in preparation. THE interest excited by the publication of The Church and the World has been proved, not only by the many reviews and critical notices of the book which have appeared, and its wide and rapid circulation, but also by numerous applications for the separate re-issue of the various Essays contained in it, at a low price and in a pamphlet form. Practical objections to this scheme interfere with its adoption. But in fulfilment of a similar design, which was abandoned in favour of the publication of a volume of combined Essays, and in order to meet the wishes of those who desire the issue of a series of separate treatises, the following plan has been undertaken. A series of Essays will be published, dealing with theological subjects similar to those discussed in The Church and the World, treated from the same point of view, and serving, in some degree, as a supplement to those which have already ap peared, and to those which are preparing for publication in the SECOND SERIES of the same work. These Essays will be addressed to educated and intelligent Catholics, who, as loyal members of the Church of England, are unable to accep the popular explanation of her Doctrines, and decline to be bound to the popular misrepresentations of her Discipline. They will aim at stating in plain language the reasons which make the Religionism of the day untenable; and will illustrate and defend the historical Belief and traditional Practice of Christendom. They will thus be at once aggressive and constructive; and, whilst seeking to avoid that timid indecision which calls itself' moderation,' they will carefully eschew polemical bitterness. It is proposed to publish these Essays in a consecutive Series under the general or collective title of Tracts for the Day; and the first issue contemplated will consist of about twelve treatises. Christendom's Divisions, Part II. Greeks and Latins; being a History of their Dissensions and Overtures for Peace down to the Reformation. By EDMUND S. FFOULKES, formerly Fellow and Tutor of Jesus College, Oxford. Post 8vo. pp. 614, price 15s. cloth. [April 6, 1867. IF it can be shown that the cause of the schism which has separated the Eastern and Western Churches is not what it is generally taken to be, and that the nature of the schism has been misunderstood or purposely kept out of sight; if it can be proved that the gulf which divides them is in one sense an imaginary one-that so far as it exists at all it is the work of Latins, not of Greeks, and that differences of faith had nothing to do with creating it-it follows at once that the union of the Churches would involve no principle derogatory to the spiritual character of the POPE or the belief of Latin Christendom. These propositions, the importance of which, as all will admit, can scarcely be exaggerated, the Author has undertaken to establish in this volume, in which, as he ventures to think, the real history of the schism has been for the first time written. With this view he examines first the case of PHOTIUS, and shows that the quarrel between him and the Pope was essentially political; that it arose from causes set in operation by LEO III. the Isaurian; that the real gist of the charges urged by the Eastern Church lay in the encroachments of the Latins, who sought to force on the Greeks constitutions and customs not sanctioned by the Church, and not involved in Catholic belief, the real interpolator of the creed being CHARLEMAGNE; and that even the words in B troduced by him into the Nicene Creed might never have been attacked if the Latins had confined their interpolation to themselves, and never carried it with them into the east. But, such as it was, the quarrel associated with the name of PHоTIUS had been almost forgotten when a fresh storm came, to which the incurable breach lasting to the present day is almost exclusively to be ascribed. The Crusades, stimulated in the first instance by sympathy with the sufferings of the Eastern Christians, became mere instruments for the spreading of Norman feudalism. The persistency with which the scheme was carried out leads to a monotony in the history; but the historian is tautological only because his facts are identical, and there can, in the judgment of the Author, be no doubt that the questions of ritual and jurisdiction at issue between the East and West were essentially frontier questions, and were set at rest for the time being as soon as the sword or influences stronger than war had settled what belonged to each. The schism, provoked by the Normans, was consummated by the Venetians, their successors in adventure and crime; and after the long series of offences then given, it ceases to be a matter of wonder that the Council of Florence, which was supposed to end the schism, should have been a complete failure. It was the fixed purpose of Pope EUGENIUS that Latinism should be forced upon the East; and the preparations for the Council, the mode in which it was conducted, and the choice of the deputies, were all regulated for this special end. The result was a renewal of the feud, broken only by the fall of Constantinople, which Pius II. bewailed as the putting out of one of the two eyes of Christendom, and the amputation of one of its two heads. But the sympathy thus roused was transient, and the land which had produced Christianity was henceforth abandoned to the Koran and to barbarism. But, as the Author has sought to show, no new elements had been introduced into the question. The quarrel began with attempts to force Latin customs and ritual on the Eastern Church, and with the abandonment of such attempts they will end. On the whole, the influence which the Author designates as Latinism has, in his belief, been attended with mixed results. Empires and republics have arisen, bloomed and faded away, but the one institution that has stood by and ministered to Europe during the whole period of its regeneration and Christian education is the Papacy. The West has never had any benefactor that can compare with it; but the price of the civilization of Europe has been the decivilization of the East. Latinism inveigled the POPE from the Church, set him on false pretences against a part of his flock, and ruined it in a way so as to cast the principal blame on him. The Author has thus, as he thinks, proved that the facts of history point to a wholly different conclusion from that which is generally received. The disease has at no time touched any vital point, while the remedy is obvious. If the Greeks have throughout been atrociously treated, the POPE has it in his power to bid adieu to temporal interests, and, shaking off the trammels of party, be all in all to the whole Church once more. As successor of ST. PETER, he may publish to the world that the Greeks have been alienated from his communion upon false pretences; their country lost to Christendom by a fearful crime; and thus he may call upon all to join in making a public act of reparation for the treatment which they have received. The issue cannot be regarded as uncertain. The Greeks will be restored to their ancient position from the mere force of truth, and God will display to the world, in them, the power of Christianity to revivify nations as well as individuals that have faith in HIM. England and Christendom. By the Most Rev. Archbishop MANNING. Post 8vo. pp. 392, price 10s. 6d. cloth. [April 10, 1867.. Contents. 1. INTRODUCTION on the Tendencies of Religion in England, and the Catholic Practice of Prayer for the Restoration of Christian Nations to the Unity of the Catholic Church. 2. The Crown in Council on the Essays and Reviews. 3. The Convocation and the Crown in Council. 4. The Workings of the Holy Spirit in the Church of England. 5. The Re-union of Christendom. 6. APPENDIX of Documents. The object of the Author is to remove, or at least to mitigate, the division which has so long isolated this country from the family of Catholic nations. The volume contains five parts, written at five different periods in the last three years, and each marking a step of advance in the ecclesiastical movement of our time; but the whole, from first to last, has only one thesis, namely, the principle of divine certainty, which is necessary to faith. This, the Author contends, cannot exist in any province or portion of the Church, after separation from the visible unity of Christendom. The proof of this proposition is offered from two sources: first, from the history of the last three hundred years, which exhibits the perpetual variations and decline of belief in England since its isolation; and, secondly, from the authoritative declarations of the Catholic theology, |