doubted for a moment that his course was guided by the highest principle and the nicest sense of honour.

By the greatest men of the day he was esteemed for the singular cultivation of his mind, for his integrity of purpose, and his disinterested patriotism. But for too great a disparity of years, HORACE WALPOLE would have chosen him as his friend; as it was, he contented himself with speaking of the young statesman as being of the old rock.' By Fox he was described as almost the only man he had ever known who was a thinking man without being a grave man, a meditating man with so much activity, and a reading man with so much practical knowledge.' The friend and follower of BURKE, he retained his powers of judgment and discrimination of character unimpaired by the dazzling talents of the man whom he chose as his guide; and CANNING, who asserted that his illustrations often survived the subjects to which they were applied, maintained also that his popularity during his lifetime was less than his reputation would be after his death.

The task which the Editor has undertaken was at one time committed to the hands of the late Mr. GEORGE ELLIS. Mr. ELLIS had written a preface to his intended publication, which forms part of the present volume, but he had done little towards arranging the extracts for publication.

From the brevity with which every event is recorded, and the length of time which has elapsed since their occurrence, allusions may be found to persons now forgotten, and to incidents which the Editor is unable to explain; but by a comparison with other memoirs of the time, these papers will contribute to illustrate many of the most important transactions of the age in which Mr. WINDHAM lived.

In submitting these pages to the public, the Editor has been also stimulated by the wish to preserve some portions of the relic consigned to her, before time shall have obliterated all names and traces of the former possessors of Felbrigg, and whilst there are still living those who cling with fondness to its memories.

hibited in the recently published letters of MENDELSSOHN, with whose fortunes the career of BEETHOVEN Stands out in deep and painful contrast. The reader of the letters of MENDELSSOHN could not but feel an interest in the great musician, who carried happiness with him wherever he went, and whose path through life was singularly bright and sunny. In BEETHOVEN he will see one whose life would have been not less happy, and whose powers of imparting as well as feeling enjoyment would have been not less great, but for one overpowering calamity which threw over his mature manhood a dark shadow not to be lightened on this side of the grave. There is a great and painful interest in the letters in which BEETHOVEN speaks of the gradual decay of a sense which should have been more perfect with him than with other men, a sense which, he adds, he once possessed in the highest perfection, to an extent that few of his profession ever enjoyed. Henceforth-retaining all his old zest for social intercourse-he was to live like an exile, feeling his misfortune still more keenly as it caused him to be misunderstood. Yet in spite of all his trouble he retained throughout his life the same high principles of action and a genuine sincerity of purpose, which expressed itself perhaps without sufficient regard to the conventionalities of everyday life.

In addition to the light thus thrown on his personal life, these letters give full and varied information on all his important works, while they also contain the expressions of his judgment on great men whom he had himself known or whose memory he reverenced-on HANDEL, BACH, MOZART, FOUQUÉ, SCHILLER, SPOHR, WEBER, GOETHE.

Afflicted to the last, and to the last struggling against the straitened circumstances which cut short the illustrious career of Mozart, BEETHOVEN retained always the same generous appreciation of all genius and merit, and a feeling of gratitude to his friends, unabated by his keen and perhaps too vehement sense of the meannesses of many amongst his countrymen.

Since the Editor undertook the translation of Dr. LUDWIG NOHL's valuable edition of BEETHOVEN'S Letters, an additional collection has been published by Dr. LUDWIG RITTER VON KÖCHEL, consisting of many interesting letters addressed by BEETHOVEN to his pupil, the Archduke RUDOLPH, Cardinal-Archbishop of Olmütz. These have been inserted in the present volumes in chronological order, and marked with the letter K. in order to distinguish them from the correspondence edited by Dr. NоHL. The PORTRAIT prefixed to the first volume is from an engraving made expressly for this work, after an original likeness.

History of the Reformation in Europe in the Time of Calvin. By J.H. MERLE D'AUBIGNÉ, D.D. Author of History of the Reformation of the Sixteenth Century,' &c. VOL. IV. England, Geneva, France, Germany, and Italy. 8vo. pp. 660, price 16s. cloth.

TH

[May 26, 1866.

THIS volume narrates the events of an important epoch in the Reformation of England, Switzerland, France, Germany, and Italy.

In the year 1853, in the fifth volume of his History of the Reformation of the Sixteenth Century, the Author described the commencement of the reform in England. He now resumes the subject where he had left off-namely, after the fall and death of WOLSEY.

The most important fact of that epoch in Great Britain is the act by which the English Church resumed its independence. It was attended by a peculiar circumstance. When HENRY VIII. emancipated his people from the Papal supremacy, he proclaimed himself head of the Church. And hence, of all Protestant countries, England is the one in which Church and State are most closely united.

A former volume has shown that the spiritual reformation of England proceeded from the Word of God, first read at Oxford and Cambridge, and then by the people. The only part which the KING took in it was an opposition, which he carried to extremes. The present volume shows that the official reformation, the reform of abuses, proceeded from the Commons, from the most notable laymen of England; and that the KING took only a passive part in this work.

After speaking of England, the Author returns to the history of Geneva; and for this part of the work he has continued to consult the most authentic documents of the sixteenth century, at the head of which are the Registers of the Council of State of Geneva. Among the new sources explored is an important manuscript in the Archives of Berne, containing the minutes of the sittings of the Inquisitional Court of Lyons, assembled to try BAUDICHON DE LA MAISONNEUVE for heresy. To avoid swelling out the volume, it was necessary to omit many interesting circumstances contained in that document; and the Author would have curtailed them even more had he not considered that the facts of that trial did not yet belong to history, and had remained for more than three centuries hidden among the State papers of Berne.

Another manuscript has brought to his knowledge the chief mission of the embassy which solicited FRANCIS I. to set BAUDICHON DE LA MAISONNEUVE at liberty.

The project of FRANCIS I. and of MELANCTHON,

described in the portion of the volume devoted to France and Germany, and the important letters, hitherto unknown to English history, which are given there, appear worthy the attention of enlightened and serious minds.

The volume concludes with Italy. Before describing CALVIN'S residence at Ferrara, the Author had to narrate the movement which had been going on in Italy from the beginning of the Reformation. Being obliged to limit himself, considering the extent of his task, he had wished at first to exclude those countries in which the Reformation was crushed out, as Italy and Spain. On studying more closely the work there achieved, he could not make up his mind to pass it over in silence; and in this part of his subject, as elsewhere, he has endeavoured to show the connexion between civil emancipation and evangelical reform.

THE question between the Church of England and her opponents is, in the Author's belief, in great measure, an historical question. All through the Middle Ages, as in previous times, national churches were recognised under their respective designations, and the Church of England was so described in all parliamentary and legal documents, and in all Councils and other transactions of the Church throughout Western Christendom. It was this Church which the Reformation found in England, and it was this which the Reformation left; and the sole ground on which any foreign bishop can pretend to justify the attempt to found a new Church of England amongst us is, either that this Church has apostatised from the faith, or that he himself has divine authority to cut off from the fold of Christ all churches and all countries that will not own his jurisdiction.

It was in the hope of illustrating this aspect of the case that the present volume was written; not with a view to controversy as against others, but to exhibit to her faithful sons the same Church of England which has claimed their allegiance for at least twelve hundred years. They will also, it is believed, serve to show that it was the practice of Parliament, from the very earliest times, to make regulations affecting the Church, and affecting also the claim which the Bishops of Rome had for some ages made, of interfering in the internal regulations of the State, as if the Kings of England had within their dominions any earthly superior;' and thus to prove that the true notion of the Royal Supreimacy was the enunciation of the contradictory to

that assumption, by which the Crown became the protector of the liberties of the Church against the encroachments of a foreign Court and See, and enabled the Church of England to reorganise its own internal affairs, and to recover as best it might the primitive truth and order of the Church of Christ.

Uniform with MAUNDER'S Treasuries. The Treasury of Bible Knowledge; being a Dictionary of the Books, Persons, Places, Events, and other Matters of which mention is made in Holy Scripture: intended to establish its Authority and illustrate its Contents. By the Rev. JOHN AYRE, M.A. of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. With numerous Woodcuts, and 15 Steel Plates drawn by P. W. Justyne from Original Photographs by J. Graham. Fcp. 8vo. pp. 958, with 5 Coloured Maps, price 10s. 6d. cloth, or 14s. bound in calf. [April 12, 1866.

THE
HE general object of this work is to promote

the intelligent use of the Bible by presenting, as far as possible in a popular shape, a mass of information respecting Palestine; the manners, customs, religion, literature, arts, and attainments of the inhabitants; a description of the countries with which the Hebrews had relations more or less intimate; together with accounts of all the persons and places mentioned in the Bible and the Apocrypha. The history and authority of the books themselves are discussed conjointly and severally the principles of biblical criticism are sketched; and, while the mode of sound biblical interpretation is indicated, the grounds are also exhibited on which Christianity is accepted as a religion coming from God.

It is obvious that, when such a range of topics is comprised in a volume of moderate size, many of them must be handled with brevity; but the Author has endeavoured so to compose the work, that, whereas persons and places of small importance are described in few words, matters of greater moment are treated with some degree of fulness. Still it has been found, in general, necessary to state results without giving the process through which they were arrived at, and to produce facts while little is said of the mode by which they were ascertained. The book is intended mainly for general readers; and for such readers any other mode of treatment would have been out of place; but the Author has carefully studied the best authorities for all his statements, and has striven to bring up the information to the highest modern standard.

The arrangement of the volume is alphabetical. Every proper name in the Bible and the Apocrypha

will be found in it, with some notice of the person or place designated. The interpretation of proper names is also given.

Particular attention has been paid to the history and date of the various Scripture writers. In the introduction to each of the sacred books its authenticity is examined, its scope and purpose indicated, and a careful analysis made of its contents. The chronology of the Bible is investigated: geographical questions are discussed; and tables of money, weights, and measures are inserted.

Special articles treat on a variety of more purely theological topics, doctrinal and hermeneutical, ritual observances, &c. Thus the evidences of Christianity are compendiously presented under such headings as 'Christianity,' Miracles,'' Prophecy,' 'Revelation,' &c.: accounts of both the structure and claims of the Bible are given under 'Bible,' 'Canon of Scripture,' 'Inspiration,'' Scripture,' &c.; while the just mode of interpreting it is discussed in Interpretation,' 'Type,' &c. Theological terms are explained; and the principal doctrines of Scripture are stated and proved. The work, however, is not of a controversial cast; as the Author has been solicitous, in handling matters on which good men will differ, rather to embody facts than to insist on opinions. Such a volume will, it is hoped, form a complete handbook for the Holy Scriptures.

Maunder's Treasury of Geography, Physical, Historical, Descriptive, and Political, containing a succinct Account of Every Country in the World; preceded by an Introductory Outline of the History of Geography, a Familiar Inquiry into the Varieties of Race and Language, a View of the Relations of Geography to Astronomy, and an Essay on Physical Geography. Completed and edited by WILLIAM HUGHES, F.R.G.S. New Edition, pp. 904, with 16 Views and 7 Maps engraved on Steel. Fep. 8vo. price 10s. 6d. cloth.

IN

[March 8, 1866.

N the present Edition, the Statistics have been throughout corrected, by aid of the latest censuses taken both at home and abroad. Portions of the volume have been re-written, and the whole has undergone careful revision, with reference to the latest geographical information from every part of the globe. The descriptions of Italy and Denmark (with reference to recent political changes), the chapters devoted to the progress of discovery in Africa and Australia, and the enlarged space devoted to the treatment of Physical Geography, in the introductory sections of the volume, may be adduced in evidence of the