SHAKSPEARE'S Sonnets never before interpreted : his Private Friends identified: together with a recovered Likeness of Himself. By GERALD MASSEY. 8vo. pp. 616, price 188. cloth. [April 12, 1866.

THE Author claims for this new reading of THE Autor his Sonnets that it fathoms and unfolds a secret history, which has been sealed for two centuries and a half, and solves one of the most piquant and important of literary problems. It aims at showing that the thoughts and sentiments recorded in these memorable compositions are clearly traceable to SHAKSPEARE and his friends; how the poet was still the player, and wore the dramatic mask in his idle hours; how the sweet Swan of Avon, like WORDSWORTH'S swan upon St. MARY'S Lake,

Floats double, swan and shadow!

It seeks to correct the grave errors committed by former commentators, as well as to afford a clue to the mystery of THORPE's dedication.

relation to that of architecture, that a writer who professes to treat of the one must necessarily touch upon the other. Hence, in this work, some remarks on the general principles of design precede the examination of the several styles in which gardens may be laid out; these preliminary sections being followed by more detailed directions for the formation of terraces, bridges, and lakes, and the general disposition of flower beds. Examples of garden buildings and architectural garden objects are also given.

The sketches illustrating this volume are nearly all original, and being accurately projected from the plans, may be relied on, when in perspective.

Rocks Classified and Described: a Treatise on Lithology. By BERNHARD VON COTTA. An English Edition by PHILIP HENRY LAWRENCE, with English, German, and French Synonymes, revised by the Author. Post 8vo. price 14s. cloth. [May 31, 1866.

are could not be known till they were connected with the events and circumstances of his life; read by this light, they will be found to grow in force and felicity of expression, in fresher beauty, in more vivid life, and in a more manly moral

English readers have appeared in Germany, but the present translation is practically a third edition, as it contains much new material contributed, and many alterations approved by the Author.

Although the science of lithology must in its progress undergo some modifications, most of the names used in the present system will probably remain, and one chief object of this book is so to define these as to render intelligible the ideas which each name should convey; the Author and the Translator have, accordingly, striven to arrive as far as may be possible, at a common ground for all nations on the important matter of rocknomenclature.

This

The Translator trusts that allowance may be made if, in some instances, terms have been used in this work in a slightly extended or even different sense from that of some English authors. has never been done without much consideration, or, indeed, without an absolute necessity in rendering the meaning of the Author, in the absence of an exact equivalent for the German term in our accepted geological language.

The juxtaposition of the English, German, and French equivalent names for each rock will, it is hoped, meet with acceptance, and can hardly fail to prove useful. Scientific names are the coin in which enquirers must exchange their ideas; and if they can be made to correspond in different countries, the gain to science will be great. Such correspondence is as important in its way as the assimilation of currency for the operations of commerce. Should this object have been in any way promoted by the present work, the most

sanguine expectations of the Translator will have been fulfilled.

Lithology, or a Classified Synopsis of the Names of Rocks and Minerals, also by Mr. LAWRENCE, adapted to the above work, may be had, price 5s. or printed on one side only (interpaged blank) for use in Cabinets, price 78.

Rain and Rivers. By Colonel GEORGE GREENWOOD. Second Edition, revised; with a coloured Map. 8vo. price 7s. 6d. cloth. [June 3, 1866.

THE object of this work is to show the supe

riority of the ancient Pythagorean and the Huttonian theory that valleys are formed by rain and rivers, over the modern theory, that valleys are igneous cracks, formed in the elevation of the land by subterranean heat. In other words, the work contends that valleys are formed by water, and not by fire. Besides exhibiting the untenableness of the fire theory in every point of view, and particularly as supported by Mr. M'CAUSLAND, the work is also directed against the foundation fact of the development theory, generated by Lamarck, and supported in the Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation,' and by DARWIN; since it contends that, for what we know geologically, the highest classes of mammalia might have existed as early as the humblest zoophytes, and for myriads of ages before the earliest strata were formed. In the course of his argument the Author maintains, that though the existence of species is transitory and dependent on second causes, that is, on the changing physical conditions of their stations and on the destruction of their stations, the existence of the species man is an exception. His station is the globe, and he is as eternal as the globe. He may survive the destruction of any number of continents, and his existence, like that of the globe, hangs only on the will of the Almighty God who created him.

The Billiard Book. By Captain CRAWLEY,

Author of Billiards, its Theory and Prac-
tice,' 'The Handy-Book of Games,' &c. With
nearly 100 Illustrative Diagrams on Steel
and Wood. 1 vol. 8vo. bound in cloth.
[June 5, 1866.

THE present volume contains, it is believed, a of this excellent

indoor game, which demands, among the conditions of excellence in the player, accuracy of aim, a careful graduation of the strength of the blow, a just estimation of the angles of incidence and reflection, and prescience as to how the balls will

remain after the stroke is completed. These and other problems involved in the game, the Author has treated carefully and minutely. The instructions given are, he trusts, sufficiently explicit to enable any one speedily to master the secrets of BILLIARDS, even if he had never previously handled a cue, or struck a ball. The laws and directions for the several games have been compiled and amended from those furnished by the best authorities.

The volume, after introducing the table, the instruments, and the game, discusses the general principles of BILLIARDS; how to make hazards; strengths-dividing the object ball; the side stroke-dividing both balls; losing hazards; winning hazards; cannons. The succeeding chapters give examples of cannons; cramp-strokes and trick-strokes; of the games and their rules; foreign games; cramp games; with directions for the fitting up of a billiard room.

Throughout the work the Author has had the advantage of receiving constant advice and numerous suggestions from various Cambridge mathematical friends well acquainted with BILLIARDs, two of whom have cach contributed a paper on the mathematical proof of certain theories relative to the game, which are published as an APPENDIX.

the state and history of that kingdom. Since the publication of the first edition, three years ago, the march of events in the islands has been rapid and important. The great interest awakened in this country by the visit to England of the young and widowed QUEEN of HAWAII has called fresh attention to the islands. It has, therefore, been thought desirable to re-edit this work, and bring the history down to the present time. In a series of five new chapters the Author has described the blow which fell upon Hawaii by the death of its young PRINCE ROYAL; the yet heavier grief of the people when their sovereign prematurely died, at the close of 1863; the installation and progress of the mission for planting a branch of the Church of England in the North Pacific; the change in the constitution effected by the present sovereign-which some

have named the Coup d'Etat; and lastly, he has given a sketch of the life and important services of ROBERT CRICHTON WYLLIE, whose death has lately taken place in the islands.

There will likewise be found in the volume a summary of the commerce of Hawaii, and a statement concerning the trade and producing powers of the islands drawn up by W. W. FOLLETT SYNGE, Esq. late British Commissioner and ConsulGeneral in Hawaii, now Her Britannic Majesty's Consul-General in Havana and Judge of the Court of Mixed Commissions.

The new likeness of Her Majesty QUEEN EMMA, prefixed to the volume, is engraved on steel from a photograph; and the work is dedicated by permission to Earl RUSSELL, K.G. First Lord of the Treasury.

THIS HIS Dictionary has been written expressly for the use of English students, the explanations, definitions, &c., being entirely in English in both parts of the book, and the special wants of English readers being carefully considered; the other features which have been specially kept in view being conciseness of style, facility of reference, distinction of meaning, and accuracy of idiom.

I. To secure conciseness of style, the idea of making the book an Index Verborum has been renounced. The work does not profess to contain the curiosities or the archaisms of either language, though in many cases the compilers have, in accordance with this rule, been obliged to omit with regret many interesting and suggestive words; but they have endeavoured to include every word in either language at all likely to be met with in ordinary conversation or literature, and have added a vast number of new and valuable words and phrases hitherto omitted from any German and English dictionaries before the public.

II. In order to facilitate reference, the words

have been classed as much as possible under heads, not under roots. In other words, instead of placing under some root-word all words formed from it, which would be the course most desirable by philologists, alphabetical order has been followed, as being the only one useful for learners; and the words have been divided by hyphens, not according to the root-syllables, but in that part which enabled the Authors to class the largest number of words under a single head. The plan adopted is that of first placing the head-word, divided if necessary, treating it in separate heads, as it represents two or more parts of speech: classing under each division first the meanings, distinguished by numbers and explanations; secondly, the phrases in which the word has peculiar meanings in special combinations-in fact, the idiomatic uses; thirdly, the compounds made by affixing terminations (which are printed in the English-German part in Clarendon type); and fourthly, the compounds made by affixing words (printed in the English-German part in small capitals).

III. The distinction of meanings has been most carefully attended to; and it may not appear invidious to invite comparison with many excellent dictionaries already existing in this important respect; for instance in the treatment of such words as At, Bar, Break, Point, Principal, Mind, Order, Turn, &c., as attesting the comparative facility afforded in each for selecting the proper meaning out of many.

The principal of an important school in Germany related to the writer that he had actually received a letter from a former pupil written in German, and signed Ich verbleibe, Ihrer Sie liebender Augapfel, I remain your affectionate pupil;' but the German word used for pupil means, literally and solely, apple (pupil) of the eye, which, however well liked by his teacher, the writer of the letter had not intended to style himself. He had turned to the dictionary and found the word, distinguished perhaps by a figure from some other meanings, but with no explanation whatever of the proper sense in which it should be used. A glance at the word pupil in the present Dictionary will show at once how any such error may be made impossible for a learner, and how much more distinctly the separate meanings of each word are not only inserted, but defined.

IV. The Authors have endeavoured, as far as possible, to translate phrases and idioms by their proper equivalents in the Dictionary, and trust that the careful elaboration of this feature may greatly increase the usefulness of the work.

The Dictionary itself is based upon the German and French Dictionary of Mozin, and Webster's Comprehensive English Dictionary. But much assistance has been derived from the well

known works of Flügel and Hilpert, and above all from the comprehensive and excellent Dictionary of the two languages (now nearly completed, in four large volumes) of Mr. Newton Ivory Lucas (Bremen, 1856-1866), a work almost entirely unknown in England.

The Authors have also been enabled to avail themselves of the collections, made by Herr Karl von Killinger, of equivalents in each language for terms either newly arisen, or hitherto untranslated in the other; and if in this respect the present book be found, as it is hoped, an improvement on its predecessors, the Authors gratefully ascribe to him a main part of such improvement.

A Sanskrit Grammar for Beginners in Devanagari and Roman Letters throughout. By MAX MÜLLER, M.A. &c. Taylorian Professor of Modern European Languages and Literature in the University of Oxford. Forming the FOURTH of Professor MAX MÜLLER'S 'Handbooks for the Study of Sanskrit.' Royal 8vo. price 15s. cloth. [May 28, 1866. HIS Grammar is chiefly intended for beginners,

and will, the Author hopes and believes, prove particularly useful to those students who have to learn Sanskrit without the assistance of a teacher. It contains all that is necessary for reading any work of Sanskrit literature except the Veda. It differs from all other grammars by giving for every difficult or doubtful point a reference to Pânini or some other native grammarian. It contains numerous examples and paradigms, and it gives every word both in the Devanagari and Roman characters. Those who take an interest in Sanskrit chiefly for the sake of comparative philology will be able to consult this Grammar and to find the forms they are looking for, without having to learn a new alphabet. Professor MAX MÜLLER's Sanskrit Handbooks now comprise :

I. Hitopadesa, BOOK I. edited by Professor MAX MÜLLER, with Transliteration, Interlinear Translation, and Grammatical Analysis, 7s. 6d. or Sanskrit Text only, 3s. 6d.

II. Hitopadesa, Books II. III. and IV. by the same Editor, with Transliteration, &c. 7s. 6d. or Sanskrit Text only, 3s. 6d.

IIL BENFEY'S Sanskrit - English Dictionary in Devanagari and Roman letters throughout, 8vo. pp. 1,158, price 52s. 6d.

IV. Sanskrit Grammar for Beginners, in Devanagari and Roman Letters throughout, by MAX MULLER, M.A. Taylorian Professor at Oxford, price 15s.

A Manual of Latin Prose Composition for the use of Schools and Colleges. By HENRY MUSGRAVE WILKINS, M.A. Fellow of Merton College, Oxford. Fifth Edition, improved. Crown 8vo. pp. 248, price 5s. 6d. cloth. KEY for Tutors and Students, 2s. 6d.

THE

[March 31, 1866.

THE fifth edition of this work has been completely remodelled. In the preface several fresh pages have been devoted to the comparison of the Latin and English idiom, the tabular list of idioms has been largely increased, and the marginal notes on the First and Second Parts have been entirely rewritten, in the hope of rendering the exercises at once easier and more instructive. With the latter view, a chapter, illustrating the main uses of the subjunctive mood-the great stumbling-block of schoolboys,-has been inserted in the preface, and references throughout the exercises have been systematically made to the rules therein laid down, and which are given on the authority of MADVIG, KEY, and DONALDSON. Several new versions of English into Latin Prose appear in the Fourth Part."

A Handbook for Readers at the British Museum. By THOMAS NICHOLS, Assistant in the British Museum. Post 8vo. pp. 182, price 68. cloth. [April 2, 1866.

THIS work is intended to assist persons holding tickets of admission to the reading-room of the British Museum; first, by detailing the regulations and arrangements affecting the use of the room; secondly, by describing the plan, scope, &c. of each of the numerous catalogues of the printed books and manuscripts in the national library. Possessed of this work, any reader will, it is believed, feel perfectly at home in the readingroom; he will have a brief history of the various literary collections, his code of rules and epitome of arrangements; he will know where to place his hand upon any of the books or catalogues; and he will know what he is likely to find in them, especially in the latter, and how to find what he requires. But beyond the particular assistance thus afforded, the Handbook is intended to afford assistance to all persons connected with public libraries, British and foreign, as shewing the economy of what is acknowledged to be the finest reading-room in Europe; to the owners of large libraries, booksellers, and others, engaged in the compilation of catalogues of books, &c. as detailing the systems of cataloguing adopted at the British Museum; to students and literary men of all classes, as indicating the means, as well as the facilities for study and research available to them

in the reading-room. The Handbook will also, it is believed, be found of utility to the public at large, as explaining the use and advantage of the principal department of the national museum.

The Handbook comprises the following subjects:-A sketch of the history of the British Museum library; notes on the regulations respecting admission to the reading-room, with form of application and recommendation; general arrangements of the reading-room; tour of the reading room circles; supply of printed books; reference books in the reading-room; memorandum of the principal works as they stand on the shelves in their various classes, with pressmarks, &c.; new catalogue of printed books; alphabetical notes on its arrangement, and on the rules observed in the cataloguing of the books, with one hundred illustrations of the rules; new catalogue of printed maps, atlases, charts, plans, and views, with notes on the King's collection; new catalogue of printed music and works on music; old general catalogue; catalogue of the Royal library, Grenville library, King's pamphlets, Thomason pamphlets; classified or subject-catalogues (bibliographical authorities), with an alphabetical list of catalogues of works on 126 subjects (a selection from the library of the British Museum); newspapers; parliamentary papers and indexes, 1509-1863; booksellers' catalogues, &c.; libri desiderati; miscellaneous; introductory account of the manuscripts; supply of MSS.; general notes on the MS. catalogues; additional collection (all the subject-headings from the indexes, &c.); Arundel, Burney, Cotton, Hargrave, Harley, King's, Lansdowne, Old Royal (including descriptions of the catalogues of the minor collections, &c, the whole alphabetically arranged); reference-books relating to MSS.; miscellaneous information.

William Wilberforce; his Friends and his Times. By JOHN CAMPBELL COLQUHOUN, Esq. Crown 8vo. pp. 456, price 9s. cloth.

THE object of this or

[April 13, 1866.

the character of the influential English philanthropist whose name it bears - for this has been done already-but to describe him along with the friends with whom he acted during his public life, and to bring out the characters of the various persons with whose help he accomplished his benevolent schemes for the public welfare. Author has received great assistance from the recollections, letters, and journals in the possession of the descendants of these eminent persons; and this has enabled him to throw light on the opinions and motives of WILBERFORCE's most distinguished associates. In these respects the present work

The

will, it is believed, be found to possess a fresh interest.

Thoughts on Great Painters. By J. P. DAVIS, Painter. Pp. 198, with Frontispiece in Photography and Two Etchings. 8vo. price 10s. 6d. cloth. [May 7, 1866.

THE question has often been asked by educated travellers in continental galleries, 'What is 'it that constitutes the peculiar merit of the great 'work before us?' The Author, feeling that it was not easy to answer this question impromptu, and to minds not prepared to receive the information, endeavoured in some degree to meet the spirit of the question in the digests of the styles of the leading Masters contained in the present volume. These sketches mark by broad and distinct touches their peculiar characteristics, and illustrate each by comparison with others. It should perhaps be added, that these essays are the result of an intimate acquaintance with the originals of the works described, and of long and earnest reflection on them. The volume was left complete by the Author at his death in 1862. It is now published under the editorship of his Widow.