to him. The two men differ widely with each other. Aside of

They are gone in the fields. The news has passed among

all regard to honor, keep clear of it. Divide an apple between the three. every one of them. They quarrelled among each other. Amidst every danger he remained firm. I was at Philadelphia last year.

We were detained to the house and thus disappointed in our walk. This originated from the mistake of the servant. It has no communication to the other building. I am disappointed of the performance as inferior to what was promised. Be worthy me, as I am unworthy you. On this side the river. The two sat opposite each other. Ovid was banished Rome. It is worthy your care. There was a contest between a lion, an ass, and a fox. His conduct is agreeable with his promise. Take hold on it. The master with his servant were lost. I was thinking on that. Depending of his relations to do it for him. More than we thought for.

Without you see miracles. They quarrel among one another. Among a nation so civilized. Made much on it. No need for that. Free of blame. Different to what is said. It was divided between fifty. We value ourselves by drawing. He restored himself into the good graces of the critics. They congratulated to themselves. Between you and I, he is not to be relied on. Do you know who you are speaking to? Who does he speak to so impertinently? They lived some time at France. He lives at New York. He cast it in the water. Come in this yard. We are sometimes disappointed of things, which before possession promised great enjoyment.

LESSON XXVIII.

PREPOSITIONS.-THEIR COLLOCATION AND REPETITION.

1. Prepositions, like Adverbs, should generally be placed as near as possible to the antecedent and consequent terms of relation.

The name implies that the Preposition precedes the word de

pending on it in grammatical construction, but poets frequently reverse this order; as, "the woods among."

2. It is an idiom of the English language, more, however, in familiar than in solemn discourse, that the prepositions of, to, in, for, &c., are often placed at the end of a sentence, considerably removed from the noun or pronoun that depends upon them; as,

"These are matters which he is entirely ignorant of;" "what he is an entire stranger to; "which he is engaged in ;""the sum which he sold it for :" that is, "matters of which,” “to what,” &c.

3. The preposition is sometimes, though inelegantly, separated from its noun, because another preposition is connected also with it; as, "To suppose the zodiac and planets to be efficient of, and antecedent to, themselves." In forms of law, where great exactness is required, this mode of expression may be tolerated, but in all other compositions it may, and should, generally be avoided.

4. The preposition may in some cases be repeated with good effect:

Thus Gibbon: "Exhausted by the abuse of her strength, by superstition, her pride might," &c.; "the favorites of fortune united every refinement of conveniences, of elegance, and of splendor." So Paul: In journeyings often, in perils of waters, in perils of robbers, &c. See 2 Cor. xi. 26.

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The repetition of the preposition causes the mind to dwell on each object of interest. In the Litany of the Church of England the preposition from is found sixteen times in four short clauses, and in the two following clauses great earnestness is expressed by the repetition by before each member of the prayer: By the mystery of thy holy incarnation; by thy holy nativity and circumcision; by thy baptism, fasting, and temptation, Good Lord. deliver us!" 66 By thine agony and bloody sweat; by thy cross and passion; by thy precious death and burial; by thy," &c.

5. Avoid a needless use of the preposition; as, "His servants ye are to whom ye obey."

EXERCISES.

1. Write the following sentences so as to conform to Observation 3.

He came to, but was driven from, the city of Boston. He was hired to take care of, and to give feed to, some horses. We saw an opossum, which the native discovered in a tree and climbed up for. He boasted of, and contended for, the privilege.

2. Place the preposition and its object, in the following sentences, in a position which will render the sense more obvious and the sentence more agreeable.

Errors are sometimes chargeable to the most celebrated writers, with respect to the use of shall and will. He introduced as great a variety as possible of cadences. Establish to yourselves an interest in him who, in his hand, holds the reins of the whole creation. A ready-made fortune seldom fits the man who comes into possession, like ready-made clothing. He offered several exhortations to them suitable to their condition. Precision is to be studied above all things in laying down a method. There are some defects which must be acknowledged in the Odyssey. Bearties, however, there are, in the concluding books, of the tragic kind. On a tombstone in a certain churchyard is to be seen the following touching epitaph: "Erected to the memory of John Phillips, accidentally shot, as a mark of affection by his brother." Many who would not utter a falsehood for the world, are yet eternally scheming to produce false impressions respecting facts, characters, and opinions on the minds of others.

3. In writing the following sentences, omit the superfluous prepositions:

The house came together to consider of the matter. A gang of banditti sought to be plundering of Rome. Notwithstanding of his learning, he could not retain his position. God divided between the light and between the darkness. This verb cannot admit of an objective case after it. God is now punishing of that

nation.

4. Some prepositions with their objects, may be repeated with good effect in the following:

In perils by the heathen, in the city, the wilderness, the sea, among false brethren; in weariness and painfulness, watchings often, hunger and thirst, cold and nakedness.

LESSON XXIX.

CONJUNCTIONS OR CONNECTIVES.

1. This class of words is used to connect words, phrases, clauses, and sentences.

The conjunction that often introduces a sentence or clause which is the subject or object of a verb; as, "That Webster was a powerful reasoner, is universally admitted." "That Washington Irving is one of the most elegant of American writers, no one questions."

2. There are certain conjunctions whose correlatives ought to be carefully attended to. (Thus arranged by Harrison.)

I am the same to-day.
....as yesterday.

It was exactly such......as this.

The same man.

that (Relat. Pron.), not as, I spoke of.

This man is as tall ................as that, i. e., as that is.

́.....as she,—as she is.

He is not so worthy..

3. So is followed by as, or that; not only, or not merely,

is followed by but, but also, but even.

4. All comparatives require to be followed by than, or as, or because, according to circumstances; as,

"This man is stronger than that."

"The more acceptable, as being unexpected." "The more valuable, because unasked."

5. Conjunctions, properly, join only like cases of nouns. "He blamed her more than him," i. e., "he blamed her more than he blamed him." "He runs faster than I," i. e., "than I do." It is erroneous to say, "The measure pleased my friend and I." It should be, "my friend and me," i. e., “pleased my friend, and pleased me."

6. Conjunctions do not properly connect different parts of speech; as, "Men sincerely loving their fellow-creatures, and who hate oppression, will," &c. Who hate" should be changed to hating.

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In like manner, an adverb and an adjective should not be connected by a conjunction, though poets sometimes disregard this rule.

7. But and lest are often used improperly for that; as, "I cannot deny but he is eloquent." "I feared lest I should be late." That is the proper word.

8. Such should not be used in the place of so; the former expressing quality, the latter expressing degree.

"I never saw 80 high a spire," is correct, denoting degree of height; but "I never saw such high a spire," or "a spire such high," would give a confused idea. The quality is expressed by high; and so is the proper word to denote the degree.

9. But is improperly used for than in the following:

"For the sun is no sooner risen with a burning heat, but it withereth the grass." "This is none other but the house of God." "No sooner does the morning dawn, but this strange enchantment vanishes."

10. The conjunctive nature of and, and the disjunctive nature of or, must be regarded in forming sentences.

The following sentences from Addison, are faulty: "A man