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Morello to Highland, but the conductor and brakemen on the trains coming and going, the ticket agent and a newsboy at Poughkeepsie, the livery stable man who drove him from the village to the farm, the letter carrier on the country road, and the proprietor and clerks of the drug store in Poughkeepsie where he used the telephone, came to court and swore positively that they had seen the maimed Sicilian going to or coming from the counterfeiting plant on the day in question. As many witnesses testified to having seen Lupo on the day he had visited Highland, and additional evidence against him was found in letters, which experts proved to be in his handwriting, that he had sent to Comito at the farm on counterfeiting business.

The evidence against the other six principals was as overwhelming. Mr. Flynn had in court merchants and their clerks who identified Cina and Callacchio

as the men who had come with Comito to purchase the printing press, the paper, dies, inks, and all the other material used at the Highland plant. Express and freight agents testified to delivering these articles to different members of the counterfeiting gang, whom they pointed out to the jury. Silvestro, Giglio, Palermo and Cecela, as well as Cina and Callacchio, were identified as having frequently traveled between New York and the farm at Highland by a veritable cloud of witnesses - railroad conductors, trainmen, newsboys, village tradesmen, farmers, school children. In all, about three hundred witnesses against the counterfeiters were heard. The trial lasted three weeks, and it ended in the conviction of the eight prisoners and their sentence to a total of 150 years' imprisonment. So far as they were concerned, the new broom had swept clean.

THE MOTION PICTURE TEACHER

THAT IS BRINGING THE INTIMATE KNOWLEDGE OF GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY, LITERA-
TURE, AND SCIENCE TO THE EYES OF ALL THE PEOPLE — WHAT THE
CINEMATOGRAPH IS DOING TO TEACH THE PUBLIC HOW TO FIGHT
TUBERCULOSIS AND OTHER INFECTIOUS DISEASES — ITS
SERVICES TO SOCIOLOGISTS, TO THE POLICE, AND TO
TEACHERS IN SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES

Y

BY

CARL HOLLIDAY

OU now have Shakespeare reeled off a spool and human life taught at the end of a crank. You travel over land and sea without leaving your seat and see the great personages of the world perform their mighty deeds. We unconsciously derive knowledge of life and the world which makes a difference in our entire viewpoint."

So said the Rev. Herbert Jump, of Oakland, Cal., in a recent lecture at the University of California. The average intelligent American does not at all comprehend the significance of this new and powerful agency in education. Mr.

Thomas A. Edison has said, "I mean to try to do away with school books;" Professor Münsterberg, of Harvard, has invented a cinematographic nerve test; the United States Government is using pictures to show its officers and congressional committees the status of affairs in Panama, the Philippines, and Alaska; Congress has before it a bill to appropriate a large sum for moving pictures in the Washington City schools; Beerbohm Tree, the most famous of English actors, has said, “I have no doubt the moving picture will be one of the most important aids to education." The state of Texas recently bought a large number of projecting machines to

be used throughout its school system; such cities as New York, Chicago, Cleveland, and Detroit make frequent use of motion pictures to instruct their children.

All this means a revolution in pedagogy. It means vividness where vagueness has reigned before. It means a true visualization and realization of life where hitherto only an indefinite printed description of it was acquired. As the Rev. Robert Burdette recently said: "The picture show is the hand-maiden of education. It is difficult to estimate its true value. It is a great teacher." Members of the Académie Française, in reply to a question from the Paris Figaro, recently declared themselves in favor of this living photography in the schools of France. The Prussian authorities last winter used motion pictures in one of the most advanced educational systems in the world the schools of Berlin. And the faculty of the University of Rochester recently introduced a four-year course in the art and science of cinematography. By means of this speechless pedagogue the American people have probably learned more during the last five years about the development of American social life and about the physical, industrial, and social geography of the world than during any previous quarter of a century.

Far more important, however, is its use in teaching people how to combat disease and death. The United States is saving millions of dollars' worth of workers annually because the motion picture is teaching them how to live. The National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis is using a film to illustrate the ravages of the white plague and the methods by which they can be stopped. The Dental Society, of Youngstown, is teaching the children, free of charge, the principles of oral hygiene. The University of Minnesota, through its extension work, is showing thousands of farmers how to handle cream and butter, how to make the Babcock test, how to mix cattle feed, and how to cook a wholesome meal. The Mississippi Federation of Woman's Clubs, in cooperation with the State Board of Health, is sending motion pictures over swamp, valley, and hill to explain to

the people the menace of dirty dairies and of the disease-carrying fly, the proper care of the baby, and other things that will aid people to become healthy. The Vermont State Board of Health has procured a machine that possesses its own electric generator, so that the inhabitants not only of the city but of the country may see vividly the dangers of tuberculosis. Chairman George P. Fraser, of the Detroit Public Health League, recently declared that the message of public hygiene must be carried throughout his state by means of the motion picture. The street railway authorities of Düsseldorf and Vienna, to avoid further accidents, are teaching by this modern method the correct and the incorrect ways of entering and leaving cars. "The anti-fly, pure milk, antidrunkenness, and social justice films are the most powerful teachers in the country. In overwhelming majority the film dramas encourage goodness and kindness, virtue and courage," one authority says.

The medical profession is awake to the possibilities of this new means of instructing and illustrating. At a recent meeting of three hundred visiting physicians at Mercy Hospital, Denver, a motion picture, obtained with the aid of the X-ray, showed all the processes of digestion and an operation for grafting a healthy bone into an arm from which a diseased bone had been taken. At the third annual session of the Clinical Congress of Surgeons, in New York City, Dr. Lewis Gregory Cole astonished his fellow workers with a motion picture of the serial radiography of the stomach, in which he exhibited by aid of the X-ray all the stages of digestion, or rather of indigestion, from the moment food entered a diseased stomach a series of pictures. which will aid greatly hereafter in the study of ulcerated stomachs and intestines. Dr. T. H. Welsenburg, professor of Clinical Neurology in the Philadelphia MedicoChirurgical College, uses twenty-five thousand feet of motion pictures in his teaching or lecturing to illustrate nervous and mental diseases. It is evident, therefore, that in the battle against human disease and death the motion picture is going to play an astonishing part.

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The usefulness of motion pictures in

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MANUFACTURING THE "WILD WEST" TO ORDER

TO REPRODUCE FAITHFULLY THE HABITS, COSTUMES, AND SURROUNDINGS OF PRIMITIVE LIFE FOR THE DIVERSION AND INSTRUCTION OF MILLIONS OF PEOPLE WHO OTHERWISE COULD LEARN OF THEM ONLY THROUGH BOOKS OF REFERENCE OR FICTION

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MAKING MOTION PICTURES ESPECIALLY FOR WOMEN

TO ILLUSTRATE FROM WEEK TO WEEK THE CREATIONS OF AMERICAN FASHION DESIGNERS, A USE OF THE CINEMATOGRAPH THAT SPREADS WIDELY THE INFLUENCE OF THE BEST CURRENT TASTE IN DRESS

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social welfare work has been proved by lecturers on sociology and kindred matters. Every year thousands of feet of film, picturing children playing in public playgrounds, boy scouts in their encampments, excursions of city children to the country, the public care here and abroad of the infirm, the unfortunate, and the dangerously immoral, the prevention of accidents, the cleaning of streets, and the reclaiming of filthy vacant lots these and a thousand other subjects are teaching the people how to live better, cleaner, happier lives. Prof. Milton Fairchild, of Baltimore, Md., has urged that state universities appoint "moral instructors" to go over the state with motion picture machines and to give daily visual instruction to the public. The extension department of the University of Wisconsin seized upon the idea some time ago, and at the last annual meeting of the State Teachers' Association, at Madison, the chief of the bureau of social centre development, under the supervision of this extension department, demonstrated how the pictures were being used to cut down truancy. The University of Minnesota is using the pictures in thus training not only the pupils but their parents. One of this institution's latest reels, taken under the supervision of the school of agriculture, depicts a group of eight students at a dining table observing all the rules of etiquette and at another table a group of eight breaking every rule known to cultivated beings. Such pictures make an impression where printed admonition would go unheeded. "They are going to make a lot of difference with the teacher," says Mr. Edison. "They will take her out of that terrible, monotonous treadmill of work that she has been going through all these years and stimulate her instead of making life a drudgery for her."

Motion pictures seem destined to have a repressing influence on recklessness and crime. Professor Münsterberg's invention the cinematograph nerve test for chauffeurs, pilots, and other men in charge of passenger and traffic conveyances — places the candidate in a motor car in a dark room before a moving picture. A child in the picture darts before him; a team dashes directly toward him; a heap

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