semble, entrée, enumerate, enunciation, epitome, equable, equipoise, ermine, esoteric, exchequer, exclusive, exculpate, exeunt, exonerate, exorable, exoteric, expiatory, explicable, exquisite.

Facial, falchion, falcon, feline, fête, fetich, febrile, fiduciary, finale, finance, financier, flaccid, flagitious, formidable, frontal, frontier, fulsome, fustian.

Gallows, gape, gasometer, génie, genii, genuine, germane, ghoul, gibe, gondola, gondolier, granary, gubernatorial, guerdon.

Heinous, hierarchy, holocaust, homeopathic, homeopathist, homicidal, homogeneity, horizon, hospitable, hostage, hydropathy, hyperbole, hypocrisy.

Illusive, immobile, impetus, impious, implacable, importune, imprecatory, inalienable, incognito, incommensurable, incomparable, incomputable, incorrigible, inculcate, indict, indigenous, indisputable, indocile, indubitable, inebriety, inexorable, inexplicable, ingot, inquire, integer, integral, interlocutory, interloper, interminable, internecinal, internecine, interpolate, interregnum, inundate, inveigle, irascible, irrefragable, irremediable, irreparable, irrevocable.

Jasmine, jeremiad, jocose, jocund, juvenile.

Kaleidoscope.

Legendary, legislature, lethargic, leviathan, lithe, lithography, litterateur, lucubratory.

Mangy, mausoleum, mauve, metallurgy, metamorphose, meteorite, meteorology, mezzo-soprano, mimetic, minority, mobilize, monad, monogyny, mulet.

Naive, nasal, natatory, necromancy, noxious, numismatic, nuptial, nymph.

Obesity, obligatory, oblique, obscenity, occult, ocean, onerous, opera-bouffe, ophthalmy, opponent, outre, oyer.

Pacificatory, paleontology, palladium, palsied, panegyric, panegyrist, parachute, patron, patronage, pedagogics, pellucid,

pharyngeal, picayune, piquancy, placable, placate, plagiarism, plethora, porphyry, posthumus, prebendary, precedence, precedency, precise, prelude, precocity, predecessor, predilection, presume, primogeniture, priority, pristine, privacy, probity, process, procurator, procuress, prolix, promulgate, prophecy, proscenium, protege, protestation, protocol, provocation, provocative, psalm, pseudonym, psychical, publicist, puerile, puissance, pyramidal, pyrotechnics, pyroxene.

Quay, query.

Rabies, rapier, ratiocination, recitative, recluse, recondite, refragable, refutable, regime, renaissance, renunciation, reparable, repartee, repetitive, reprobatory, requital, reservoir, residuum, resume, retributive, reveillé, ribald, robust, romance, rotund, ruin.

Sacerdotal, salic, salutatory, sarcophagus, saturnine, schism, schismatic, scintillate, senile, seraphic, seraphim, serpentine, servile, sesame, silhouette, sinecure, solecism, sonata, soporific, squalor, stalwart, suicidal, superfluous, supine, supple, surfeit, syncope.

Tepid, thyme, tout-ensemble, troth, trousseau, truculent, truffle, tubercular, turbine.

Ukase, ultimatum, undulatory, unguent, ursuline.
Vehemence, verbatim, vibrative, vibratory, vocable.
Zodiacal, zoolite.

VOCAL DEVELOPMENT

The Untrained Voice is Unequal to Demands.—The uncultivated voice rarely does the bidding of its owner; what the speaker desires to do and what his untrained voice actually does are, usually, very far apart. The speaker may be truly in earnest, but ineffective because his voice fails to carry the sound, or is unpleasantly high or rasping, or breathy or wheezy. Or, again, his stream of sound may be so thin that it fails to convey sincerity.

The Voice Can Be Improved.-Nature's kindness in regard to the voice is the same as in respect to all other organs. She has generously given to it a capacity for growth and refinement; also she has very generously withheld from us the limits of that capacity.

Organs Directly or Indirectly Necessary to the Production of Voice.-Diaphragm (muscle at base of chest and forming roof of abdominal cavity); abdominal muscles (extending across abdomen and waist in front); costal and intercostal muscles (joined to the ribs and aiding in the rise and fall of short ribs); pectoral muscles (extending over chest); thorax (cavity containing the lungs); lungs (with their air cells and tubes all joining and ending in two tubes, one from each lung, called the bronchi); the bronchi (which also join, forming the windpipe); windpipe or trachea (a large tube); larynx, or vocal box, in which sound is made (Adam's apple); true vocal cords (two white ligaments stretching across voice box; expired air passes on but one side of each, and in pure

tones the cords are but a hair breadth apart, while in breathing tones distance increases with the predominance of breath); mouth proper, nasal cavities, hard palate, soft palate, tongue, teeth, lips, jaw.

VOCAL DRILLS

Relax throat; let the sounds seem to make themselves.

To Secure Coöperation of Abdominal Muscles.

1. (a). Laugh out heartily-o, ah, oo, once, twice, three times, five times. Direct tone to front of mouth. Place hand just below waist and note how, when laugh is hearty, the abdominal muscles coöperate. If throat is scraped, it is a sign of incorrect use. Remedy: use for a time a match about one to one and one-half inches long, placed perpendicularly between the teeth.

(b). Laugh out heartily, yet freely and easily: All, ask, air, at, alms, ale, eel, earn, urn, ebb, isle, it, oak, odd, use, up, ooze, hook, owl, oil.

(c). Slide the voice upwards on sounds in 1b; also on sounds, syllable by syllable, in the following:

"I cannot, my lords, I will not, join in congratulation on misfortune and disgrace. This, my lords, is a perilous and tremendous moment. It is not a time for adulation. The smoothness of flattery cannot save us in this awful and rugged crisis. It is now necessary to instruct the throne in the language of truth. We must, if possible, dispel the delusion and darkness which envelop it, and display, in its full danger and genuine colors, the ruin which is brought to our doors. Can ministers still presume to expect support in their infatuation? Can Parliament be so dead to its dignity and duty as to give its support to measures thus obtruded and forced upon it? Measures, my lords, which have brought this late flour

ishing empire to scorn and contempt. But yesterday and Britain might have stood against the world; now, none so poor as to do her reverence."

To Free the Vocal Muscles.

2. (a). Let head fall and revolve it lifelessly.

(b). Yawn—skah, skaw, glahgle, glawgle, klahk, klawk, gahg, gawg, lahl, lawl.

(c). Sob 2b.

(d). Practice Tone Drills Nos. 8, 63, 86, 110, 128, 132, 137, 145, 166, 181, 194, 200, 207.

To Secure Flexibility.

3. (a). Slide the voice upwards, without pause, on the sounds blee, blo, blah; lahl, lawl, lile; e, o, ah, oo; also on sounds in 1b and 1c. Maintain throughout a feeling of brightness and geniality.

(b). Practice Tone Drills Nos. 1, 9, 5, 16, 20, 25, 42, 47, 94, 106, 111, 126, 132, 141, 169d, 180, 182, 190, 201. To secure Forward Placing of Tone.

4. (a). Utter decisively and brightly, with mind upon projecting sounds to some specific point: babā, bēbē, bibi; dādā, dēdē, dīdī; făfă, fēfē, fifī; jājā, etc.; kākā, etc.; lālā, etc.; sāsā, etc.; tātā, etc.; nānā, etc.; vāvā, etc.; māmā, etc.; wāwā, etc.; kwākwā, etc; rārā, etc.

(b). Utter ip, it, ik, decisively.

(c). Utter explosively-puh, tuh, kuh.

(d). Utter decisively, skah, skaw, glahgle, glawgle, klahk, klawk, gahg, gawg.

(e). Utter sounds in 1b with the aim of hitting top corner of room with each sound. Utter one syllable at a time. (f). Practice Drills in Sections 8 and 9.

(g). Practice 1a, 1b and 1c.

(h). Practice Tone Drills 24, 26, 46, 63, 64, 89, 157, 200, 208.