out $130 billion, at least that amount, around the world and the world is in worse shape than it was when we started spewing out these billions. It is about time we saw some tangible evidence of some good coming from this program. I agree with you that there can be a cut in the appropriation for international organizations. While I realize the direct appropriation for the Tower of Babel, otherwise known as the United Nations, is not contained in this bill, I think it is time that the deadbeats in the United Nations be made to come through with their share of the obligations which they signed up for when they became members. We have had about enough of the United States financing not only the United Nations, the parent organization itself, but there are plenty of deadbeats in the specialized agencies of the United Nations, and it is about time that they started paying their bills. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. FOUNTAIN. Mr. Roybal? Mr. ROYBAL. Mr. Lynn, I have just one question. You have stated that you believe that money should be fitted to plans based on sound, well-thought-out development programs, rather than the plans to the money. Is it your contention that it is our policy at the present time to make the appropriation and then tailor the plans to fit the appropriation itself? Mr. LYNN. There is some tendency to do this. I have been on the other end of this in administering some of these programs in the past and I know this is the tendency. I don't believe, Congressman, that we get our money's worth as we would if we tried to fit the money to the plans on the basis of performance. Mr. ROYBAL. Can you give me one example of a program where we made the appropriation without knowing exactly what the plan is? Mr. LYNN. Let's use India again as an example. I don't think—if some of the guideposts that I understand have been laid down for India, if she continues to receive our aid, I don't think many of those things have been accomplished. We read about a lot of increased agricultural production and so forth. But there is very little of that. So what we are saying is that we continue year after year, based on either an emergency or some other thing, to continue to pour money and food into India. We think if these certain guidelines were established and then made sure they lived up to those, we would be doing her a real service for the future. Mr. ROYBAL. You have said that you oppose a 5-year authorization. Then you also advocate Mr. LYNN. Long-range planning. Mr. ROYBAL (continuing). Long-range planning, but you also advocate the money be authorized over a period of 10 years. Is that what you were saying? Mr. LYNN. I think Congressman Frelinghuysen helped me on this point. I agree with the Congressman that if we started talking about amounts of money, we would undo precisely what we are trying to recommend here, that you establish certain guidelines, and then if they haven't met them, then penalize by taking some of the money away. Mr. ROYBAL. If we had a program then, you would favor authorization over a period of 5 or 10 years? Mr. LYNN. This should be on a very selective basis, country by country, with an annual review by Congress to see what progress has been made in meeting the standards set. Mr. ROYBAL. Thank you. Mr. FOUNTAIN. Thank you very much, Mr. Lynn and Mr. Burmeister. Our next witness is Mrs. Virginia M. Gray, executive secretary of the Citizens Committee for UNICEF. We will be glad to have you come forward. STATEMENT OF MRS. VIRGINIA M. GRAY, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, CITIZENS COMMITTEE FOR UNICEF Mrs. GRAY. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman and members of the committee. May I introduce along with me Mrs. Lois Van Valkenburgh. She is the deputy executive secretary of the Citizens Committee for UNICEF. May I also request that the statement, in its entirety, be placed in the record, and I will just speak to a few of the high points. Mr. FASCELL (presiding). We are delighted to have you make that request. Your whole statement will be put in the record, and you may proceed. Mrs. GRAY. Thank you very much. (The prepared statement of Mrs. Gray is as follows:) STATEMENT OF MRS. VIRGINIA M. GRAY, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, CITIZENS COMMITTEE FOR UNICEF Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee, I am Mrs. Virginia M. Gray, Executive Secretary of the Citizens Committee for UNICEF. The Citizens Committee for UNICEF is an informal clearing house of legislative information serving a number of national organizations which support continued participation by the United States in the work of UNICEF, the United Nations Children's Fund. These organizations have authorized me to present the following joint statement in support of a contribution of $12 million by the United States for Fiscal 1967 (the amount proposed by the Executive Branch) and, in addition, to request a special contribution of $1 million in this next year for the reasons and in the manner indicated later in this statement. The names of the organizations authorizing this presentation are listed at the end of the text. UNICEF's 20th Anniversary On December 11 of this year, UNICEF will celebrate its 20th anniversary. This date will mark a generation of service to children. The first babies and small children, who may owe their very lives to UNICEF's timely aid, have now reached maturity and are taking their places in their communities. These first beneficiaries of UNICEF aid received emergency assistance: food, clothing, medicine. Yet this simple humanitarian undertaking, born quietly in the aftermath of World War II, marked a new dimension in the development of civilization; it was a recognition of mankind's united responsibility for all children wherever they may happen to be born. From a relatively small beginning in 1946-in which several members of this Committee, past and present, played a major role the program to aid the world's children has brought life-saving aid to millions of children and mothers. In 1965 UNICEF was assisting 543 projects in 118 countries. In its nearly 20 years of service UNICEF has treated 11 million cases of trachoma, over 1 million cases of leprosy, 37 million cases of yaws, and has given 162 million TB vaccinations. In addition to these specific treatments to individual cases, UNICEF has helped to establish and equip over 30,000 maternal and child health centers and subcenters, and has provided scholarship and training allowances to thousands of nurses, auxiliary health and social workers where the extent of the benefits to children are incalculable. The Nobel Peace Prize Award In dramatic tribute to the accomplishments of the Children's Fund, the Nobel Committee of the Norwegian Parliament announced on October 25 that its 1965 award of the Nobel Peace Prize would go to UNICEF in recognition of its contribution to world peace. The selection of UNICEF to receive this distinguished award marks the 8th time in the long history of the Nobel awards that the honor has gone to an organization; it is the second time that the prize has gone to an agency of the United Nations. The news of the award met worldwide acclaim. It was received by officials of UNICEF itself as an indication that the policies that have guided its actions over the years are basically correct. More importantly, however, it was accepted by UNICEF officials as a challenge to strengthen their activities for the greater fulfillment of children's needs. U.S. Government Contribution to UNICEF The unanimous acclaim with which the announcement of the award was greeted did not increase the United States contribution to UNICEF, however. This fiscal year will mark the 8th consecutive year that the Executive Branch is recommending a contribution of $12 million to UNICEF by the United States. The organizations listed below endorse this recommendation with a full understanding and sympathy for the State Department's position in this matter. The Department's expert knowledge of the pledges already made or anticipated from governments other than the United States has led them to accept the strong probability that UNICEF will find it difficult to raise the necessary sums to match $12 million from the United States at 40% during the present year. With a few spectacular exceptions, such as Sweden which has increased its contribution by 50%, there are few other countries in a strong enough position economically to follow such an outstanding lead. The general upward trend in support continues, however. Our organizations request this Committee and the Congress to make, in this year of the Nobel Peace Prize Award, a special contribution of an additional $1 million as tangible recognition for the outstanding work that UNICEF is doing for world peace. This $1 million contribution would be in every sense a gift-with no strings attached. It would be exempt from the computations of the 40 (United States) to 60 (other countries) matching ratio. We respectfully urge your support of this proposal. Why an Increase is Justified A considerable increase in the U.S. Government contribution to UNICEF above the $12 million level would seem well justified. The following reasons suggest an increase far beyond our request for a special $1 million, but at this time we can only relate the reasons to this request for a modest increase: 1. Without doubt, the most compelling reason for giving aid is the enormous need of children. Many basic threats to child development have scarcely been recognized, let alone attacked. In addition to the present ongoing programs that we have discussed in past years, there is an area of child needs that is only beginning to be seen. This concerns the problems of the very young child, the child aged 1-6. It is estimated that there are 400 million children in the world, aged 1-6. Of these, 200 million live in the developing countries which are being assisted by UNICEF. These children, weaned from their mother's milk but too young to go to school, frequently suffer from grave malnutrition in these most formative years of their whole life. Recent research has developed evidence that many abilities, motor skills, even intelligence, may be affected by nutritional deficiencies during these early years, defects that no amount of future treatment can overcome. Here, then, is one area where much remains to be done. 2. The United States, although the largest contributor to UNICEF in dollar totals is not at all the leading contributor on a per capita basis. We rank only fifth, after: Looked at in another way, to cite again the example of Sweden, its contribution to UNICEF represents 2.2% of its foreign aid budget of $65 million. The corresponding percentage for the United States is almost too small to report: 10 of 1%. 3. There is an inevitable competition for limited resources among various programs. During these years when the United States contribution to UNICEF has remained at the same figure, our contributions to other international organizations have increased. This is not to suggest that we are opposed to the accomplishments under the other programs, nor to deny that they also-indirectly perhaps benefit children in the long run. It is merely to point out the stark fact that the world's most precious resource, its children, could use a larger share of the present investments. 4. In his AID message, President Johnson has stressed his conviction of the importance of channeling more foreign aid through multilateral sources and his recommendation that the foreign aid programs help those nations that help themselves. UNICEF is an organization to which these objectives could appropriately be applied. Increased aid from the United States is directed to the international lending agencies such as IDA and the World Bank, but not to the Children's Fund. UNICEF aid, from its beginning, has required a country to match in goods and services the international aid it receives. One could say that UNICEF has been a pioneer in its emphasis on self-help, which the President so rightly approves. In conclusion, we should like to refer again to the point made in our testimony last year: the fact that there is a vast amount of aid to children that cannot even be planned until the resources to carry out the programs appear to be within reach. The figure mentioned last year was $9 million. The need still exists for these additional resources. A top UNICEF official has said that UNICEF could usefully allocate at least $50 million per year instead of the approximately $35 million now going into its current work. One of the ironies of this situation is that while UNICEF helps millions of mothers and children each year, it does so by spending less in a whole year than the governments of the world spend on armaments in two hours of a single day. In a speech on the occasion of the awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize, the former Chairman of the UNICEF Board suggested "that each abortive disarmament conference set itself a penalty-a contribution to UNICEF of the equivalent cost of one submarine or a dozen fighter planes. Surely today's children are the central factor in the strategy for peace and survival." The following national organizations have authorized me to present the foregoing statement in support of the contribution of a $12 million (as the regular U.S. contribution) and in addition a special contribution of $1 million by the United States to UNICEF for fiscal 1967: American Association of University Women American Parents Committee American Veterans Committee Association for Childhood Education International Child Study Association of America Child Welfare League of America Cooperative League of the U.S.A. Friends Committee on National Legislation Jewish War Veterans of the U.S.A. Methodist Church, Woman's Division of Christian Service Board of Missions National Association of Social Workers, Inc. National Council of Jewish Women National Council of Negro Women National Jewish Welfare Board Rural Education, Department of-National Education Association United Church Women Women's International League for Peace and Freedom Y. W. C. A., National Board Mrs. GRAY. Two of our national organizations that ordinarily join in supporting this statement have not had a chance to reply because of the short notice that we have had for this hearing. May I ask that I add those names as supporting organizations if that is received before the hearings are printed? Mr. FASCELL. Without objection we will do that, Mrs. Gray. If they get here before the record is closed, we will include them. Mrs. GRAY. Thank you very much. These organizations which have authorized me to present this statement are listed on the last page of my testimony. They have authorized me to support the contribution of $12 million by the United States for fiscal 1967 which is the amount proposed by the executive branch and, in addition, they have asked me to request a special $1 million contribution in this year for the reasons and in the manner indicated later in the statement. This year, on December 11, UNICEF will celebrate its 20th birthday, which marks really a generation of service to children. This simple humanitarian undertaking really marked a new dimension in the development of civilization. It was a recognition of mankind's united responsibility for all children wherever they may happen to be born. From its relatively small beginning in which several members of this committee, both past and present, played a major role, the program to aid the world's children has brought lifesaving aid to millions of children and mothers. In 1965 UNICEF was assisting 543 projects in 118 countries. Statistics are often misleading and always rather boring, I am afraid; so I will not attempt to enumerate all of the statistics that are listed here, nor that we could list if the committee had time or the inclination to listen, about the number of cases of children who have been helped around the world. It really is a remarkable total. It goes to well over 50 million children. In the last year also UNICEF was awarded Nobel Peace Prize for its contribution to world peace. This award was received by officials of UNICEF as an indication that the policies which UNICEF has pursued over the years are basically correct; and even more important, it was accepted by UNICEF officials as a challenge to strengthen their activities for greater fulfillment of children's needs in the future. The unanimous acclaim with which the announcement of the award was greeted did not increase the U.S. contribution to UNICEF, however. This fiscal year will mark the eighth consecutive year that the executive branch is recommending a contribution of $12 million to UNICEF by the United States. The organizations listed below endorse this recommendation with a full understanding and sympathy for the State Department's position in this matter. The Department's expert knowledge of the pledges already made or anticipated from governments other than the United States had led them to accept the strong probability that UNICEF will find it difficult to raise the necessary sums to match $12 million from the United States at 40 percent during the present year. Perhaps I should correct that to say to match an increase over the $12 million in the current year. The general trend, however, in Government contributions, is upward. A number of countries are increasing their contributions. Sweden is the most spectacular example with its 50-percent increase which has been pledged for 1966. Other countries are attempting to increase their contributions. Our organizations request this committee and the Congress to make, in this year of the Nobel Peace Prize Award, a special contribution |