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What steps lead to adopting the government of a chief or

head of a clan?

67. How does a military leader naturally succeed to a patriarch?

What is the origin of hereditary rank?

68. Is this account of the origin of government confirmed by history?

How is the early existence of vast empires accounted for? 69. How does it appear that the earliest governments were monarchies?

CHAPTER II.

70. Where does the physical strength of the community actually reside?

How does Paley classify those who obey the government? (1.) Why do the first class obey?

71. Enumerate certain acknowledged rights which are founded upon prescription.

How are the religious feelings of the community made to favour this prescriptive title?

Illustrate this from history.

72. Is every opinion, not founded upon argument, a prejudice?

(2.) By what considerations are those who obey from reason restrained?

8 Those who obey from self-interest?

Why is it the interest of civil governors to respect

their subjects?

73. (2.) Why should they avoid innovation?

74. (4.) Why are assemblies and conventions dangerous to absolute governments?

What rule of caution results from this?

CHAPTER III.

75. How do Locke and others attempt to prove civil obedience to be a moral duty?

Describe the express social compact.

76. Describe the tacit compact.

What are the objections to this account of the subject?
How is it opposed to fact?

What is the nearest approach to a social compact which.
history furnishes?

77. Is the original compact proposed as a fact?

Is it referred to as having actually taken place?

78. How are the successors of the original contracting parties understood to promise allegiance?

Is this sort of promise intelligible to them, or really binding? 79. Is a right to the land necessary to the validity of the social compact made by its possessors ?

(1st.) What are called the fundamentals of the constitution?

80. What use is made of them by the opposers of government?

(2dly.) How does it appear that the doctrine of the social compact is dangerous to civil liberty?

81. (3dly.) How is it dangerous to the ruler?

What is assigned as the only ground of the subject's obligation?

82. How is this proved?

How is the justice of each case of resistance determined?

Who shall be judge? Why?

(1.) When is it a duty to resist government?

83. (2.) Upon what does the lawfulness of resistance depend? (3.) Does irregularity in the first foundation of the state justify resistance?

Illustrate this from history.

(4.) Is every invasion of liberty to be resisted?

84. (5.) Should any law whatever be changed when the public good requires it?

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(6.) How, and why, does the case of an Englishman and that of a Frenchman differ?

85. (7.) Is every member of the civil community bound by the public interest? Why?

86. How does this apply to the case of Great Britain and her late American colonies?

CHAPTER IV.

87. Does Christianity ascertain the extent of our civil rights and obligations?

What passages are referred to in the controversy ?

88. What questions are to be considered in reference to these passages?

How should one, who doubts the moral obligation of civil obedience, be reasoned with?

89. How should one, who is debating the expediency of revolt, be dealt with?

Is there any inconsistency in this?

90. How is this mode of proceeding applicable to the interpretation of the passages above quoted?

Is the Scripture thus vindicated from the charge of inculcating passive obedience?

91. Did the apostles dispute the right of the rulers, at that period, to the obedience of Christian disciples?

Which of the above questions do they appear to have had

in view?

92. What does the question, "Is it lawful to give tribute unto Cæsar?" imply?

93. Does the phrase, "ordinance of God," authorize superstitious ideas of the regal character ?

Does it not apply to republican as well as despotic forms of government?

CHAPTER V.

94. What is civil liberty?

Why is it preferable to natural liberty?

What does this definition of civil liberty import?
What is intimated by this?

35. What follows from this account of civil liberty?

Illustrate the distinction between civil and personal liberty?

96. What is the other idea of civil liberty? Illustrate this. 97. Mention some of the definitions of civil liberty founded on this idea.

What inaccuracy do they labour under?

98. Which is the freest people, constitution, and government?

CHAPTER VI.

99. Define the sovereign power.

Define the three forms of government.

What are the advantages of monarchy ?

100. What are the dangers?

The advantages of aristocracy?

The mischiefs?

The advantages of a republic?

The evils?

101. What is a mixed government?

By what rule are its advantages and evils determined?¡
How is the rule limited?

Where is corruption to be feared?

102. Why is a hereditary monarchy preferable to an elective one ?

Is an hereditary monarchy favourable to permanence and stability in the plans of the government? Describe the two kinds of aristocracy.

103. Which is the more tolerable? Why?

Is aristocracy worse than despotism?

Illustrate this from the history of Denmark.

104. Of Sweden. Of England.

What is the distinctive feature of a democracy?

(1.) What advantage does it afford to education and manners among the higher orders?

105. (2.) Of what advantage is it to the common people? (3.) How does it furnish occupation to the thoughts of all

classes?

106. What are the objections to a widely extended republic?

3

107. How are they obviated?

108. Where is the experiment about to be tried?

CHAPTER VII.

What is the constitution of a country?

What do the terms constitutional and unconstitutional mean in England?

Of what is their system of jurisprudence made up?

109. Can an act of parliament be unconstitutional ?

What mistake do writers on the British constitution make?

110. What is the difference between the theory and the actual state of the British government?

111. How are plans of reform to be laid?

Are the direct or the incidental effects of innovation the more important?

Illustrate this from history.

112. What would be the effect of a protracted contest between the king and the parliament ?

Did those who gave the king the power to appoint his
servants foresee the important results of that act?

113. What is the end peculiar to a good government?
What is the end essential to a good government?
Does this last afford an apology for some apparent abuses?
How is the government of England formed?

114. What is the perfection intended by this scheme?
How does it provide for the interest of its subjects?
How does each order become virtually represented?

115. What security is afforded against the formation of juntos among the legislators?

How is the subject guarded from burthens?

Are the debates of parliament public?

How must a representative conduct to become, popular? 116. For what purposes is the executive authority given to the king?

In what points is the king intrusted with ample power?
In what two points is his power cautiously limited?
Where do taxes originate?

117. How is the application of them watched?

How is the power of punishment limited?

How is arbitrary confinement provided against?

What is meant by a writ of habeas corpus ?

118. How are persons, charged with treason, protected from injustice in their trial?

What is the balance of the constitution?

119. How is the power of parliament checked?

How is the arbitrary application of this negative checked?

What other checks does the British constitution provide? 120. What is the balance of interest?

Illustrate its operation.

121. What is the use of the house of lords?

122. In what does the danger from popular fury consist? 123. How are the clergy represented in parliament ?

Is there any sufficient reason for exempting members of parliament from arrest for debt?

124. Describe the irregularities of the popular representation. Are all the people represented?

What proportion of the house of commons buy their

seats?

125. Notwithstanding this, are the fittest legislators generally sent to parliament?

126. Of what is the house of commons actually composed? Are these as worthy to be trusted as any that could be elected in any mode?

Are the members, generally, rich?

127. Are the representatives of boroughs, generally, men of

talents?

How does this happen?

After all, is their present representation popular?

128. Is it easy to discover a proposal, among the plans of reform, which will render the house of commons more a popular body than it now is ?

Is there any reason to doubt the necessity of reform? 129. Is the government always opposed from principle? Why would an increase of power in the house of commons be dangerous?

Illustrate this from the English history.

130. From the American history.

Does Paley justify bribery or secret solicitation?
What influence does he defend?

131. What are subjects of indifference?

Of apparent indifference?

How are these cases determined?

CHAPTER VIII.

132. What is the first maxim of a free state?

What are the reasons of it?

133. Illustrate this.

Why is parliament less liable to the influence of partiali ty than the courts?

How is the rule violated?

134. How does the independency of the judges secure the impartial administration of justice?

Illustrate this from history.

135. Why should the number of judges be small?

Illustrate the propriety of this from history.

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