Thos. S. Bocock, Speaker. Members: Alabama 9, Arkansas 3, Florida 2, Georgia 10, Kentucky 12, Louisiana 5, Mississippi 7, Missouri 7, North Carolina 10, South Carolina 6, Tennessee 11, Texas 6, Virginia 16--total, 104. Kentucky and Missouri were repre Le Roy Pope Walker, of Alabama, Feb. 21, 1861, to Sept. 17, 1861. Judah P. Benjamin, of Louisiana, Sept. 17, 1861, to March 17, 1862. George W. Randolph, of Virginia, March 18, 1862, to Nov. 17, 1862. General Gustavus A. Smith, of Kentucky, Acting Secretary of War, March 18, 1862, to Nov. 17, 1862. James A. Seddon, of Virginia, Nov. 21, 1862, to Feb. 6, 1865. John C. Breckinridge, of Kentucky, Feb. 6, 1865, to end of the war. SECRETARY OF THE NAVY Stephen R. Mallory, of Florida, March 1, sented, though as States they never se- 1861, to end of the war. Two years after date CONFEDERATE) CONFEDERATE TREASURY NOTE. ceded. This government lasted four years, one month, and fourteen days. CABINET OFFICERS. SECRETARIES OF STATE. Robert Toombs, of Georgia, Feb. 21, 1861, to July 25, 1861. R. M. T. Hunter, of Virginia, July 25, 1861, to March 18, 1862. Judah P. Benjamin, of Louisiana, March 18, 1862, to end of the war. POSTMASTERS-GENERAL. Henry T. Ellet, of Mississippi, Feb. 25, 1861, to March 5, 1861. John H. Reagan, of Texas, March 6, 1861, to end of the war. Before the first year ended, in December, 1861, gold was worth 120 in Confederate notes; in December, 1862, 300; in December, 1863, 1,900; in December, 1864, 5,000; in March, 1865, 6,000. CONFEDERATE ARMY. There are no accurate records of the total number of men in the Confederate armies. The records existing are very incomplete. For instance, Alabama, with a population of 964,296, shows a total of 1,466 deaths in the Confederate army; while North Carolina, with a population of 992,667, shows 40,275 deaths. The fig. ures as given by Gen. James B. Fry, U. S. A., of deaths in battle, by wounds and by disease, from such muster-rolls as are accessible, are as follows: James Longstreet, of Alabama..Oct. 9, 1862 Oct. 10, 1862 964,296 Oct. 10, 1862 Oct. 10, 1862 1,057,329 Richard S. Ewell, of Virginia.. May 23, 1863 From a statistical account of organizations in the service of the Confederate States, published in La Bree's The Confederate Soldier in the Civil War, the following figures are taken: Infantry, 529 regiments and 85 battalions. These figures exclude all regiments which served a short time only, all disbanged or consolidated regiments, State militia, senior and junior reserves, home guards, local-defence regiments, separate companies, and miscellaneous organizations. The average enrolment is unknown. Twenty-two of the North Carolina regiments, incomplete as they are, show an average of over 1,500 men in each, some of them even 1,800. The Confederacy organized very few regiments after 1862; all conscripts and recruits were assigned to the old regiments so as to keep them up to an effective strength. GENERAL OFFICERS OF THE CONFED- COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF. July 11, 1863 Richard Taylor, of Louisiana.. April 8, 1864 Jubal A. Early, of Virginia... May 31, 1864 Richard H. Anderson, of South Carolina May 31, 1864 David E. Twiggs.. Gustavus W. Smith. w. W. Loring... Beni. F. Cheetham. John P. McCown. Jones M. Withers. J. E. B. Stuart. Carter L. Stevenson. Dabney H. Maury. Robert E. Lee, of Virginia.....Jan. 31, 1865 Franklin Gardner. May 22, 1861 .Sept. 19, 1861 .Sept. 19, 1861 Oct. 7, 1861 ...Oct. 7, 1861 .Oct. 7, 1861 Nov. 9, 1861 Feb. 15, 1862 March 6, 1862 March 10, 1862 March 10, 1862 .April 6, 1862 April 14, 1862 April 14, 1862 . May 10, 1862 . May 23, 1862 .July 25, 1862 .Aug. 31, 1862 Oct. 10, 1862 Oct. 10, 1862 Oct. 11, 1862 .Oct. 27, 1862 .Nov. 4, 1862 Nov. 4, 1862 Nov. 8, 1862 .Dec. 4, 1862 .Dec. 13, 1862 MAJOR-GENERALS.-Continued. Patrick R. Cleburne.. W. H. C. Whiting. John S. Bowen. Dec. 13, 1862 May 23, 1863 ..Aug. 3, 1863 .Aug. 3, 1863 Feb. 12, 1864 Feb. 17, 1864 with seven stars-similar to the South April 18, 1864 man of the same city. It was a cross, .April 24, 1864 May 14, 1864 July 7, 1864 .July 30, 1864 .Aug. 4, 1864 .Aug. 10, 1864 .Sept. 19, 1864 James L. Kemper. .Sept. 19, 1864 federate Congress adopted a new flag May ands in July, 1861, making many prizes of 1, 1863. The second flag, when limp, frequently resembled a flag of truce. To avoid further misunderstanding a strip of red was added, March, 4, 1865. CONFEDERATE NAVY. American vessels, soon becoming the terror of the American merchant marine. The Sumter successfully eluded the United States war vessels, crossed the Atlantic, and took refuge in the harbor of Gibraltar, where the Tuscarora, of the United States, Early in January, 1861, Governor found her, and blockaded her by waiting Pickens, of South Carolina, seized the outside. Unable to escape, Captain United States cutter William Aiken, Semmes sold the Sumter in 1862 and then in Charleston Harbor, together with went to England. In her short career several tenders. As the various States the Sumter had captured (and mostly seceded other United States vessels were destroyed) over twenty merchant vessels. seized by the State authorities in whose The cruiser Nashville (Lieutenant Pewaters they were at the time. These gram) sailed from Charleston Oct. 21, 1861, were the Fulton (three guns), McClel- touched at Bermuda, and reached Southlan (five guns), and seven one gun ampton, England, Nov. 21, 1862. Early ships. They were turned over to the in February, 1862, the Tuscarora sailed Confederate States when President Davis from Southampton and lay in open waters had been empowered to provide and main- awaiting the coming out of the Nashville. tain a navy (March 11, 1861). Near- The British authorities decided that the ly one-half of the officers in the United Tuscarora was within British waters, and States navy were of Southern birth, and sent a man-of-war to detain her for twenof these 321 had resigned by June 1, 1861, ty-four hours after the departure of the to take office under the Confederacy, Nashville, which succeeded in running the blockade at Beaufort. One year later (Feb. 28, 1862) she was destroyed by the Montauk (Captain Worden) in the Ogeechee River. The Jeff Davis had a short career. She escaped from Charleston about the same time as the Sumter, captured several Federal merchant vessels, and was shipwrecked in August, 1861, off St. Augustine, Fla. CONFEDERATE BATTLE-FLAG. leaving 350 in the United States service. Among those who resigned were Captains Tatnall, Rousseau, Ingraham, Hollins, and Randolph, and Commanders Semmes, Hartsene, Farrand, and Brent. A large number of gunboats and cruisers were ordered to be built, and, where possible, river boats and merchant vessels were reconstructed. In addition to the above, about twenty smaller ships were fitted out in Southern ports (Winslow, York, Chickamauga, Retribution, Calhoun, Sallie, etc.) Although they succeeded in destroying a number of merchant vessels, the sum of their combined exploits was of minor importance. A much more serious matter was the building of Confederate cruisers in England with the connivance of the British government. Mr. Laird, a ship-builder at Liverpool and a member of the British The first vessel to break the blockade Parliament, contracted to build armed was the Savannah, fitted out in Charles- cruisers for the Confederacy. The first ton. She escaped June 2, captured a of these that went to sea was the Oreto. sugar-ship on the morning of June 3, and Mr. Adams, the American minister, called on the afternoon of the same day was the attention of the British government captured by the United States brig Perry to the matter (Feb. 18, 1862), but nothand taken to New York. The cruiser Sum- ing was done. She went to a British port ter, constructed at New Orleans, ran the of the Bahamas, and ran the blockade at blockade, and reached the West India Isl- Mobile, under British colors, with a valu able cargo. er, long and rakish, of 790 tons' burden. Against the sending out of all these vessels Mr. Adams protested in vain. Her name was changed to Florida, and she was placed in charge of a late officer of the United States navy (John Newland Maffit), and again went The Georgia, built at Glasgow, began to sea in December. The Florida hovered her career in 1863. After a short raid on most of the time off the American coast, United States commerce, she was sold closely watched, everywhere leaving a to a Liverpool merchant, who ordered her track of desolation behind her. She ran to Lisbon. On the way she was captured down to the coast of South America, and, by the Niagara (Captain Craven), who alarmed at the presence of a National landed her crew at Dover, England. The vessel of war, ran in among the Brazilian Tallahassee, afterwards called the Olushee, fleet in the harbor of Bahia. Captain Collins, of the Wachusett, ran in (Oct. 7, 1864), boarded the Florida, lashed her to PRIVATEER SHIP SUMTER. was built at London, and at first used as a blockade-runner. She was bought by the Confederate government, fitted out as a cruiser, and sailed from Wilmington, Aug. 6, 1864. She captured and destroyed a large number of pilotboats, fishing-schooners, and small traders. She was eventually seized by the British government, and turned over to the United States in 1866. The Stonewall, originally built for the Danish government, was purchased by the Confederate States. Her career was short and inglorious. She was blockaded in Havana by Admiral Godon, was surrendered to Spain, and turned over to the United States in May, 1865. The last report of the Navy De ADMIRAL. Franklin Buchanan. CAPTAINS. Samuel Barran, Raphael Semmes, W. W. Hunter, E. Farland, J. K. Mitchell, J. R. Tucker, T. J. Page, R. F. Pinckney, J. W. Cooke. COMMANDERS. T. R. Rootes, T. T. Hunter, I. N. Browne, his vessel, and bore her to Hampton partment of the Confederate States gave Roads, Va., where she was sunk. The a list of officers, the most important of most famous of the Anglo-Confederate which were: vessels was the Alabama, built by Laird and commanded by Raphael Semmes, who had been captain of the Sumter. Her career is elsewhere related (see ALABAMA). The career of the Shenandoah, another Anglo-Confederate privateer, was largely in the Indian, Southern, and Pacific oceans, plundering and destroying American vessels. On the borders of the Arctic Ocean, near Bering Strait, she attended a convention of American whaling. ships (June 28, 1865) without being suspected, as she bore the United States flag. Suddenly she revealed her character, and before evening she had made prizes of ten At the beginning of the Civil War whalers, of which eight were burned in a informal exchanges of prisoners under group before midnight. It was the last flags of truce were customary until act in the drama of the Civil War. Her the establishment of a formal cartel commander, informed of the close of the on the basis of equal exchange. Durwar, sailed for England and gave up the ing this period over 125,000 prisoners vessel to a British war-ship as a prize. were exchanged. President Davis, in his The Shenandoah was a Clyde-built steam- message, Jan. 14, 1863, declared his in R. B. Pegram, W. L. Maury, J. N. Moffitt, J. CONFEDERATE PRISONS. |