1831.] St. John's Chapel, Bethnal Green. ornamented with horizontal lines, or French rustics, crowned with a cornice, and surmounted by a bald conical cupola, much resembling a bee-hive, and terminated, as usual in Mr. Soane's designs, with a huge weathercock instead of a cross. The wall of the circular plinth is pierced with four arched windows, and the cupola with four others. The flanks are divided by antæ into eight compartments, each containing windows assimilating with those in the lateral divisions of the west front. All the antæ, except those nearest to each extremity, are brick; the others are stone, and are terminated by the blocks. The east end is in three portions; the centre contains three arched windows, and is surmounted by an attic, over the centre of which is an acroterium, crowned with a pediment and acroteria; below the windows are stairs descending to the catacombs. The side divisions have attached vestries projecting from the main building; the elevation of which is finished with a pediment and acroteria. THE INTERIOR is still more nearly a copy of Walworth, and is in a better taste than the outside, in consequence of the orthodox arrangement of nave and ailes having been adhered to. It may be described as divided in length into eight divisions; the first is occupied by a vestibule extending along the whole of the west front, and which is subdivided into three porches, communicating laterally with each other, and to the body of the Chapel, by an equal number of entrances. Over the central entrance the arms of his present Majesty have recently been erected, with the date 1830, and the names of the Churchwardens subscribed; the remaining seven divisions are within the body. The first at each extremity is parted from the rest by two parallel arches, crossing the body of the Church in a 107 transverse direction. The arches are formed of a segment of a circle, and the spandrils are pierced with circles, having beaded edges. The side aisles are covered by circular arches; the division towards the west is appropriated to galleries, and that at the east to a chancel; the remaining divisions are made by colonnades of unfluted Doric columns of the Greek variety, ranging longitudinally, and making a nave and side ailes; they are surmounted by an architrave and cornice, on which is an arcade of semicircular arches, equal in number to the intercolumniations below. The piers are slender and octangular; the arches spring immediately from them, without imposts. The ceiling is horizontal, and the nave is somewhat higher than the other parts, and is made by reeds into square panels. The chancel and ailes have sunken panels equal to their respective breadths. A gallery at the west end contains the organ in a mahogany case. The front of the gallery is panelled, and ornamented with consoles. In one of the panels is inscribed “ This Chapel was consecrated by the Lord Bishop of London, on the 16th October, 1828." Another records the erection of the organ in 1829. In addition to this gallery there are others in the side ailes. The altar screen is composed of three divisions, a centre and projecting wings. The latter are covered with pediments, to which cherubs are applied by way of acroteria. The central division is also covered with a pediment, which embraces the other two; in the tympanum of the latter a dove. The altar table is mean and uncovered. The pulpit and desk, placed at a short distance from the altar-rails, are alike in design and dimensions; they are hexagonal, and sustained on a single pillar, which expands to the size of the pulpit. Each angle is worked into a triple reeded column, with Doric caps. * A Correspondent, A. W. speaking of this Chapel, says, “the usual positions of the reading-desk and pulpit are reversed. Prayers are certainly not there read at the north side of the communion-table, but at the south; it is impossible to discover the reason of this anomaly. The pulpit and reading-desk are precisely similar in construction, and it is to be regretted that the present exemplary Bishop of London, who prevented the Church being dedicated to St. George, because his name was not to be found in the Scriptures, should not also have interfered to prevent the deviation from established practice, and I believe even from the Rubric, in this respect also."—In the numerous Churches in the metropolis, no certain rule seems to have been observed in the choice of the situation of the pulpit and desk. At St. Mary-le-Bow, a high authority as I should conceive, the whole are grouped on the south side. At St. Saviour's, Southwark, before the alterations, they were 108 Population of Great Britain. The interior, as we remarked in the outset, is far superior to the outside of the building; and it is but just and fair to the architect to observe, that the same praise is due to the structure which we awarded to Walworth Church, for the essential qualities of light and distinctness of hearing, both of which it enjoys to a degree beyond many Churches of recent construction. A large proportion of the centre of the Church is appropriated to the poor, and it is pleasing to add that a numerous attendance of this class of the congregation forms the strongest evidence of the necessity, as well as the utility of the erection of additional Churches. No surer antidote to the depravity which is too apparent in this parish, can be afforded, than the celebration of divine worship, according to the doctrines and forms of our esteemed Establishment. Every new Church that is opened, affords an additional proof that a strong attachment to the Establishment exists among all classes, and that if Churches are provided they will be attended, notwithstanding the abuse of the numerous enemies of the Church, who, feeling conscious that their own elevation can only be built on the ruin of the Church, strain every nerve, and use every expedient to effect this, the ultimate and only object of dissent and schism. This Chapel contains 800 in pews, and 1200 in free seats. The contract amounted to 17,6387. 188. including incidental expenses and architect's commission. The first stone was laid on the 26th June, 1826; and the chapel was consecrated, as before observed, on the 16th Oct. 1828. E. I. C. [Feb. in metrical ratio. Judging from the census taken in the year 1801, 1811, and 1821, at intervals of ten years, this estimation does not appear to accord with the fact. In 1801 the population amounted to 10,942,646; 1811, to 12,596,803; and in 1821, to 14,391,631. The difference between the two first is 1,654,157; and the difference between the census of 1821 and 1811, is 1,794,828; and by adding these, and taking the half, the average increase is 1,724,497.5, a result ' militating quite against the philosopher's hypothesis. It is also confidently asserted, that food increases only in an arithmetical ratio, while there can be no accurate data for arriving at such a conclusion, as the quantum of food must depend on agricultural exertion, animal produce, and importation of corn. The increase of numbers is still greater in Ireland, and must prove a serious source of distress, if not met, ere long, by some adequate remedy. On reflection, the cultivation of the waste lands, amounting to seventeen millions of acres, would by spade husbandry by paupers, occasion a great outlay of money, without being adequately productive, for a considerable period. It would be much more eligible to sell these lands, as the wealthy purchasers would necessarily employ a great part of the labourers out of employment in their cultivation. The capital procured by such sale would furnish a lasting fund for defraying the expense of sending to Canada, with their own free will and assent, at proper periods, certain portions of the excess of the population, who might be required to bind themselves and their heirs to repay to the native country, at least a part of the expenditure in locating them in a British colony. Voluntarily, or parochially, for obvious reasons, the requisite funds cannot be raised. As all are concerned, all must contribute, by means of the most equitable mode, a moderate property-tax; to compensate for which, on the north side. The Rubric seems only to refer to the communion service. The Bishop of London would, I hope, have given a better reason for adopting St. John for the Chapel than A. W. assigns, for that would go to exclude St. Chrysostom and St. Athanasius from the Liturgy, and show that the installation service of the Order of the Garter was not only unscriptural, but that his brethren of Winchester and Salisbury were inconsistent in allowing this unscriptural Saint to be there styled "the blessed Martyr and Soldier in Christ." I should conceive that the Prelate's objection was rather against naming the Church after the reigning monarch, than to its having for its patron the tutelar saint of the kingdom of England, our champion thrice renowned, St. George." 1891.] Benefits of Emigration.-Tithes. assessed taxes frequently adverted to, and of an unequal description, would be taken off. The beer rendered cheap is found to demoralise more than it benefits. The half of the three millions relinquished, would, laid again on this article, yield an emigrationfund which must be raised by some means, to take off the dangerous pressure of an excess of population without sufficient employment, and stinted in food and former comforts. The Americans hold a steady eye on Canada, of which they will in time attempt to deprive us. The present inhabitants are principally of French descent; and they might not be averse to become American subjects. This is a valid argument for increasing the strength of British population in Canada, convenient also by contiguity, and in a great measure by congeniality of climate. As these emigrations from all parts of the United Kingdom, must unavoidably in future be on a large scale, great embarrassment, if not distress, will arise in the beginning, if the locality is not in some degree previously prepared for the expected settlers. Even the subject Reform itself, frequently treated of judiciously in your really useful publication, is hardly paramount to making a permanent provision for the hundred and seventy-two thousand and odd of annual increase of the population, exclusive, I believe, of the Irish increase. Our oldest records, the sacred Scriptures, inform us, that for the general welfare, gradations among mankind were ordained; and it appears that the land was intended to maintain all born on it, but not in idleness, as the same writings inform us that to eat people must work. We require, at this moment, the head of an Adam Smith to tell us what arrangements ought equitably to be in force between the landlord and tenant, for the due maintenance of the agricultural labourer; and this question the imperious force of circumstances, unhappily arising from the case, appears to be urging to an obvious and unavoidable conclusion. This mighty nation sees and bears evils, long before it applies a manifest remedy. The lives of many of our Clergy were endangered, in illegally exacting a reduction of tithes. This hostility arises from their being received in kind. The Clergyman and tenant ought not to come in contact, 109 not even by composition. The landlord should deliver his due tithe to the Clergyman, in accordance with a periodical arrangement between landlord and tenant, founded on alteration in the value or rent of land. The present procedure injures the attachment that ought to subsist between parishioners and their pastor. If a moderate property-tax be substituted for disadvantageous taxes taken off, the great bulk of tenants will be greatly benefitted, as they or most of them will be exempted in the scale. A small reduction of rent, in addition to this, and to the relief from certain of the Assessed Taxes, will fully enable the tenant at all times to grant adequate wages to his labourers. The Property Tax will be according to a scale of income. For want of this, this tax was formerly unequal and unjust. For instance, suppose two gentlemen with large families to educate, and that one of them has an income of 1000l. and the other 5000l. a year. Were there no scale, the former, at 5l. per cent. would pay 501. and the latter 250l. Now, Mr. Urban, the man of minor income must part with necessaries, while the other dispenses with luxuries only, if even that. We have pamphlet - writers now, who are constantly inculcating that landowners only pay the public burdens. I am an inhabitant of a town, and if these writers will favour me with a call, I shall convince them that we pay poor rates, church rates, county and city rates, way rates, house tax, and a multiplicity of other matters, from which the landowner is exempt. These writers are severely handled in the periodical prints, because they do much mischief with unblushing effrontery; and from ignorance of their subject, create discontent where harmony is always desirable. Yours, &c. JOHN MACDONALD. 110 Notices of the Family of Copinger. Maintain'd a character which grac'd our And for its meed a laurel might demand. Mr. Copinger had issue by Anne his wife six sons and four daughters, viz.: 1. William, of whom hereafter; 2. Ambrose, who was baptised on the 29th of Dec. 1583; and who, in 1619, was presented to the Rectory of Buxhall, and on the 23d of Dec. 1622 to that of Lavenham. He married Judith, the only daughter of Roger Kedington, of Acton, gent. by whom he had issue two sons, Ambrose and Henry, and three daughters, of whom Margaret, the third daughter, married Thos. Burly, gent. by whom she had issue. 3. Henry, who was seated at Kersey, and married Elizabeth, the second daughter of John Sampson, of Sampson's Hall, in that parish. 4. Ralphe, who was a merchant in London, and who, dying at Branford, in Suffolk, was interred in that church, with the following inscription on a flat stone : Copinger arms and crest. "Lett the name and memorie of Ralphe Copinger, gent. Citize' and Mercer of London, bee as a sweet oyntment poured out; who lived & dyed a good citize', a loveing Husband, a carefull Fathe', & a true sonne of the church of England. He marryed Katheryne (a most vertuous woman) the daughter of Valentyn Frankly", gent., & by her left 3 sonnes and 2 daughters. "Who, coming hither, health for to repaire, Changed earth for heaven, by changeng of the ayer. "Obijt Julij An'.Dom'.1658, ætat. suæ 62." 5. Francis, who was seated at Branford, on a daughter of whom there is this inscription on a table monument in the nave of the Church of Akenham in Suffolk : Arms of Copinger. "Under this marble stone resteth the body of Elizabeth Fynn, late wife of Robt Fynn of this parish, and daughter of Francis Copinger of Bramford, gent, who departed this Jife September the 14th, 1683. "For nineteen yeares, I liv'd a virgin life, For seventeen more, being marryed, liv'd a wife ; At thirty-six, pale death my life assail'd, And as I liv'd, I dy'd, belov'd, bewail'd." "Here resteth the body of Rob. Fynn, who departed this life the 6th of July, 1686." [Feb. 6. Thomas, who was presented by his brother William to the Rectory of Buxhall in 1662, and who died in 1685. Of the daughters, Anne married Joseph Tye, of Clopton, gent., who died on the 5th of August, 1685, and was interred in the nave of that church, where, on a flat stone, is this inscription to his memory : "Here resteth the body of Joseph Tye, gentleman, late of Clopton, who departed this life August 5th, Anno Domini 1685." From this Mr. Henry Copinger, the Rector of Lavenham, was descended the wife of John Moore, of Kentwell Hall, esq. V. I now return to William Copinger, his eldest son. He married Mary, the daughter of Richard Goodday, of Kettlebaston, gent. and dying on the 13th of Jan. 1648, was interred in the chancel of the church of Buxhall, where, on a flat stone, is this inscription to his memory, in small capitals : "Here lyeth the body of William Copinger, esq., expecting the joyfull resurrection, who marryed Mary ye daughter of Richard Goodday, of Kettlebarston, esq., by whom hee had issue 2 sonnes and 6 daughters; and after he had lived peaceablely, charitablely, and piously, departed this life comfortablely, the 13th of January, 1648, in the 67th yeare of his age. "Maria illius relicta, charissimo conjugi, pietatis ergo, morens posuit." His wife deceased on the 4th of March, 1663, and was interred in the same place, with this inscription on a flat stone to her memory : "Here lyeth the body of Mrs. Mary Copinger, the rellict of William Copinger, esq. who died the 4th day of March 1663.” They had issue two sons and six daughters; viz. Henry, of whom hereafter; and William, who in 1662 was presented by his mother to the rectory of Buxhall, and who, dying in 1684-5, Iwas buried in the chancel of that church, where, on a flat stone, is an inscription to his memory, now illegible, with these arms, Copinger, impaling a lion rampant. One of the daughters, Ann, married Reeve, and dying on the 30th of April, 1692, was interred in the chancel of the same church, where, on a flat stone, is the following memorial: "Here under lyeth the body of Dame Ann Reeve, who departed this life the last day of April, 1692." VI. Henry Copinger, the eldest son 1831.] Notices of the Family of Copinger. of William and Mary his wife, succeeded his father as Lord of the Manor of Buxhall. He married Mary the daughter of Henry Herris, of Shenfield, in Essex, gent., and of Mary his wife, the daughter of Sir Harbottle Grimston, Bart., and dying on the 4th of October, 1675, was buried in the chancel of the church of Buxhall, where, on a black marble slab, is this inscription to his memory, in capitals: : Arms Copinger, impaling, on a bend wavy, three estoilettes. "Henrici Copinger, Armri. hic habes totum qd cœlum n' habet. Qui uxorem duxit Mariam, filiam Xri Herris de villâ Shenfield, in agro Essexiensi, Armri, ex quâ sustulit quinquies quaterq. puerperâ; superstites filium filiasq. tres. Hos omnes, licet charissimos, lubens reliquit Xris die IV. Ano D'ni MDCLXXVo. Properavit scilt quo sanctius celebraret maximum cum superis natale. Etats An° LIVo. Hoc monumentum dicta Maria pietatis ergô posuit.” He left issue a son and three daughters, viz.: VII. William, who received his academical education at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he proceeded to the degree of A.B. in 1677, and to that of A. M. in 1681. In 1685 he was presented by his father to the Rectory of Buxhall, and deceased in 1708. Anne, who was born in 1661, and, dying on the 21st of Sept. 1693, was interred in the chancel of that church, where, on a flat stone, is this inscription to her memory: Arms of Copinger in a lozenge. "Here lyeth the body of Anne Copinger, one of the daughters of Henry Copinger of Buxhall in the county of Suffolk, esq., who departed this life the 21st of September 1693, and in the yeare of her age 32." VIII. And Sarah, who married Thomas Hill, clerk. He was born in 1678; and received his academical education at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he proceeded to the degree of A.B. in 1700; to that of A.M. in 1704; and to that of S. T. P. in 1719. In 1709, he was presented by his mother-in-law, Mrs. Sarah Copinger, widow, to the Rectory of Buxhall; and, dying on the 4th of Sept. 1743, was interred in the chancel of that church, where, on a mural tablet, is this inscription to his memory : "In memory of Thomas Hill, Doctor of Divinity, many years Rector of this Parish, and in commission of the peace for this county. He married Sarah, daughter and 111 sole heiress of Henry Copinger, esq., Lord of this Manor, by whom he had several children. He died Sept. 4th, 1743, in the sixty-fifth year of his age, and rests in hopes of a blessed immortality. Disce quid es, quid eris, memor esto quod morieris. "Near him lyes his eldest son, Thomas Hill, esq., Lord of this Manor, and Patron aged 35 years. of this Church; he died Sept. 5, 1746, "By the side of his grave are deposited the remains of his wife, who departed her life May 4th, 1748, aged 28. And near this. marble lye two sons and a daughter of the Rev. Mr. Henry Hill. "Thomas died Feb. 11, 1747, aged 2 years and 9 months.-Susan died April 22, 1755, aged 8 months; and Thomas died June 15, 1756, aged 5 weeks and 4 days.— Lydia, daughter of Thomas Hill, esq. died May 8th, 1759, aged 18 years.—Martin, son of H. Hill, D.D. died Feb. 26, 1761, aged 12 years.-Sarah Hill, relict of Thos. Hill, D.D. died Jan. 17, 1762, aged 75 years.-Copinger, son of H. Hill, D.D. died Sept. 3, 1765, aged 6 years." Dr. Hill left issue several children, of whom, Thomas, the eldest, deceased on the 5th of September, 1746, leaving issue by his wife, who died on the 4th of May, 1748, an only daughter, Lydia, who departed this life on the 8th of May 1759, in the 13th year of her age. IX. Henry, the second son, was educated at Caius College, Cambridge, where he proceeded to the degree of A.B. in 1737, to that of A.M. in 1751, and to that of S. T. P. in 1763. In 1741, he was presented to the Rectory of Tostock, and in 1743 to that of Buxhall. He deceased on the 8th of Nov. 1775, and was interred in the chancel of the church of Buxhall, where, on a mural tablet, is this inscription to his memory : "Henry Hill, D. D. obiit 8th Novbr. 1775, anno ætatis 60." He married Susan who dying on the 8th of Sept. 1794, was interred in the same place, where, on another mural tablet, is this inscription to her memory: "Susan Hill, relict of Henry Hill, D.D., obiit Sept. 8, 1794, aged 77.” They left issue daughters, viz. : son and X. Henry, who was born in 1747, a brief memoir of whom is given at pp. 282 and 648 of vol. xcvi. pt. 2. He was interred in the chancel of the church of Buxhall, with this inscription to his memory: |