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Royal Academy.-Gallery of Greenwich Hospital.

"sweet Ann Page," the merry wives, and several of the other characters, breathe from the canvas. It is beyond question one of the most perfect illustrations of the subject that has ever been produced. The costumes, the interior, and all the slightest details of the picture, are painted with an accuracy and effect quite of the highest order. The picture is very properly placed in the most conspicuous and favourable situation in the room.

162. Caligula's Palace and Bridge. J. M. Turner, R.A.-This is a bold specimen of Turner's peculiar genius. The design is gorgeously imposing, and full of wild and poetic daring. The picture conveys to the mind the idea of immeasurable distance, as the eye looks through the misty atmosphere of the artist into unfathomable space. The frowning ruins of the mouldering walls enveloped in mist, and the rays of the morning sun darting through the mural interstices, with the russet trees in the foreground, and the azure misty skies in the distance, present a splendid specimen of creative genius. Although we are ready to admit Turner to be one of the most poetical of landscape painters, at the same time, without aspiring to superior critical pretensions, we believe that he frequently, perhaps from mere wantonness of genius, oversteps the sober modesty of nature, and even outrages the acknowledged principles of art. He appears sometimes to mystify the subject by an erratic wildness of colouring, and, with a fullness of pencil, to introduce dabs of light and shade, that seem to set the rules of criticism and the laws of nature at defiance.

168. The Angel releasing Peter from Prison. W. Hilton, R.A.-A magnificent picture, executed on a large scale. The design is taken from Acts xii. The figure of the angel is not perhaps to be compared with many productions of the Italian masters; but the sleeping guards and the opening iron gates, which are less the objects of creative genius, are evidence of Hilton's skill as a judicious and skilful artist.

169. The View of Salisbury Cathedral, by J. Constable, R. A. appears to have been taken immediately after a snow storm, although the artist professes to have embodied on canvas the description of a scene from Thomson's Summer, when "a glittering robe of joy invests the fields." The numerous patches of dead white, intended for the lights of the picture, or perhaps for drops of rain after a shower, have all the chilling coldness of a winter's morn.

178. The Vision of Medea, by J. M. Turner, presents a mixture of bold genius aud monstrous absurdity. The awful legend of the burning palace, into which Medea's twin offspring are thrown, is poetically conceived; but no mortal ever beheld such

[May,

trees or human visages, or such a daub of unseemly colouring-a mere chaotic mass of pink and yellow.

SCHOOL OF PAINTING.

193. Cain. G. J. L. Noble.-A monstrously gigantic figure, only fit to be represented with effect in a room of unusually large dimensions, which would admit of a distant view. It is miserable judgment to exhibit a colossal figure in a small room, as is here the case.

241.

An Alligator attacking a Bullock, by W. Daniell, R.A. is a bold and spirited production. The ferocious tenacity of the one, and the apparent agony of the other, are powerfully depicted. The scene is on the margin of a river in the island of Ceylon. The colouring is extremely vivid, and well suited to oriental scenery.

258. Domestic Affliction, by W. E. West, is the representation of melancholy madness, the victim of which is a fine and interesting female, whose relatives and friends are grouped around, exhibiting countenances full of sympathy and melancholy interest. The composition is replete with feeling, delicacy, and spirit.

ANTE-ROOM.

338. The Golden Age, by Danby, is a perfect scene of enchantment. Nature appears in the most lovely and captivating garb that the imagination can conceive. The poets of old never exceeded it in description. All

beauty, serenity, and delight. Soft verdure, unruffled lakes, shady groves, and woodland nymphs, with gold and azure tints of the softest hue, convey the beau-ideal of the poet's golden age, aud make us sigh at the reflection of that happy period having for ever fled.

356. Landscape, at twilight, by Westall, is full of rustic nature, and is worthy of the best productions of Claude. The cattle in the foreground are cleverly executed.

(To be continued.)

The Gallery of Greenwich Hospital; comprising Portraits of celebrated Naval Commanders, and Views of their most memorable Actions; illustrated with biographical and historical Memoirs by Edward Hawke Lockyer, Esq. F.R.S. F.S.A. one of the Commissioners of the Institution.

The Royal Hospital at Greenwich is well calculated to inspire the most exalted emotions; not so much from the beauty of its design and the splendour of its lofty domes, eminent as these undoubtedly are, as from the benevolence of its objects, and the interesting groups of veterans, to be seen reposing under its protection in the evening of their days, after many a well-fought battle. These patriotic emotions, which cannot fail to strike every casual visitor, are

1831.]

Fine Arts.-Gallery of Greenwich Hospital, &c.

much increased on a more minute inspection of the Naval Gallery, to which many additional paintings have been recently transferred by the King from the Royal Collections. We hail therefore, with peculiar pleasure, a work like the present, published under the immediate patronage and sanction of His Majesty, by a gentleman so intimately connected with the naval profession, who bears the talismanic name of Hawke in addition to his own patronymic, derived from his late worthy father, the tutor of the immortal Nelson, and a brave and worthy Captain in the Royal navy, who died Lieut.Governor of this excellent institution.

This work is published in the same form and style as Mr Lodge's Portraits and Memoirs of Illustrious Persons. The first Number contains a beautiful copy of the portrait of Lord Hawke, painted by F. Cotes, one of the finest in our recollection. The memoir of Hawke is ably and spiritedly written, and the following character rests on" the authority of a very dear relation of the author, whose gallant conduct in the same profession introduced him to a long and intimate association with Lord Hawke, though even gratitude could not bias that sound judgment, and still sounder probity, under the guidance of which he formed this estimate of his patron's character:

"The character of Hawke furnishes an excellent example to every candidate for naval reputation. He possessed all the qualities necessary to form a thorough seaman, and an enterprising, intrepid commander; and he employed these with a simplicity of purpose which served his country highly and himself honourably. His gentlemanly deportment and propriety of conversation effected a salutary improvement among his officers. He steadily discountenanced that coarseness of language and demeanour which disgraced too many of the old school, and still clings to some of the present. Hawke's genius was peculiar to the profession he had chosen. In political affairs he exhibited no great talents for business. Lord Hawke was ever an upright, honourable, and pious man. His anxious attention to the health and comfort of the seamen secured to him their constant attachment; while the steady patronage of his most deserving followers surrounded him with officers zealously devoted to the King's service and to their commander's glory. He was strict, but temperate disciplinarian-affable rather than familiar with his officers, reproving with sternness all approaches to ribaldry or impiety in their conduct and conversation. His mind, impressed with a devout regard for the faith in which he had been educated, loved to dwell on the many mercies he had experienced, and to ascribe every success to the Giver of all Victory."

*His father, Lieut.-Governor Lockyer. GENT. MAG. May, 1831.

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The next is an early portrait of Viscount Bridport, by Sir Joshua Reynolds. The character of this officer cannot be better expressed than by the single word 'Steady,' which he adopted for his motto. "Sir, be steady in all your resolves," was his frequent admonition to his young officers. Under a stern and reserved deportment, Lord Bridport is said to have concealed a generous and affectionate disposition.

The third portrait is of that ancient favourite of our Tars, the brave but unfortunate Adiniral Benbow, "whose death, recorded in one of their most popular ballads, still cheers the middle watch of many a stormy night at sea.' This portrait is by Sir Godfrey Kneller, and was presented to the Hospital by George IV. Another portrait, presented by one of his sisters, still remaining in the Town Hall of Shrewsbury, was copied in our vol. LXXXIX. ii. p. 9. from a drawing, and with a memoir, by Mr. Parkes.

The fourth portrait is that of Captain James Cook, one of the most eminent of those self-educated patriots that we delight to honour. His parents were humble peasants, at Marton, in Cleveland, who by industry and integrity contrived to rear nine children; but his powerful genius surmounted all disadvantages, and forced its way to fame. This memoir is of high in

terest.

The last print in this number is an etching after Loutherbourgh's painting of the Defeat of the Spamish Armada, presented to this Collection by Lord Farnborough.

Lodge's Portraits and Memoirs of Illustrious Persons.-The third Edition of this highly interesting work continues to be published in monthly numbers. Thirty have already appeared, and these contain 90 exquisite engravings. When the whole work is completed, it will embrace 60 additional subjects, completing the work to the present period. The lives of the modern eminent characters will be found to be worthy of the pen of Mr. Lodge, whose fame as a Biographer was so firmly established by the former editions of this popular work. We take this opportunity to announce, that Messrs. Harding and Lepard have again liberally opened their rooms for the exhibition of the original drawings made for the work, and this interesting exhibition has been enriched since last year by the addition of 40 new characters, chiefly of eminent Admirals, Soldiers, Philosophers, and Statesmen who flourished in the eighteenth century.

The First Volume of the English School of Painting and Sculpture is now completed, and we are glad to hear that its deserved success calls for the gratitude of its proprietors. Vol. II. will include Barry's Pictures at the Society of Arts in the Adelphi, and Hogarth's Marriage à la Mode.

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[May,

LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE.

New Works announced for Publication. The English and Jewish Tithe Systems compared, in their origin, their principles, and their moral and social tendencies. By T. STRATTEN.

A Narrative of the Ashantee War, including the Particulars of the Capture and Massacre of Sir Charles McCarthy, Governor of the Western Coast of Africa; and the subsequent Military Operations of the British and Native Allied Forces on that Coast from 1822 to 1828. By Major RUTHELTS.

Descriptive Sketches of Tunbridge Wells, and the Improvements on the Calverley Estate; also, of the Picturesque Scenery, Seats, and Antiquities in the Vicinity. The work will be under the superintendence of Mr. BRITTON.

Rev. H. RAIKES on Clerical Education. A Third Volume of Mrs. SHERWOOD'S Henry Milner.

The History of Abraham. By the Rev. -H. BLUNT.

An Exposition of the Eighth Chapter of Romans, together with Five Discourses on Justification by Faith. By the Rev. C. D. MAITLAND.

Memorials of the Stuart Dynasty, including the Constitutional and Ecclesiastical History of England from the decease of Elizabeth to the abdication of James II. By ROBERT VAUGHAN, author of "The Life and Opinions of Wycliffe."

Sir E. Seward's Narrative of his Ship wreck, and consequent discovery of certain Islands in the Caribean Sea. By Miss

JANE PORTER. 3 vols.

Life and Death of Lord Edward Fitz-Gerald. By THO. MOORE, Esq.

Journal of a Residence at the Courts of Germany, in 1822, 1825, and 1826. By W. BEATTIE, M. D.

Select Works of the British Poets, from Chaucer to Johnson. By R. SOUTHEY, LL.D. A Manual of the Land and Fresh Water Shells hitherto discovered in Great Britain. By W. TURTON.

Letters to a Young Naturalist on the Study of Nature and Natural Theology. By J. L. DRUMMOND, M.D. &c.

Memoirs and Correspondence of the late Sir J. E. Smith, M.D. President of the Linnæan Society, &c.

The Mosses, and the rest of the Cryptogamia; forming the Fifth Volume of the British Flora. By Dr. HOOKER.

Oriental Customs applied to the Illustration of the Sacred Scriptures. By S. BURDER, M. A. &c.

Researches into the Nature and Affinity of Ancient and Hindu Mythology. By Lieut.-Col. VANS KENNEDY.

Select Female Biography, by the author of Wonders of the Vegetable Kingdom, &c,

An Account of the Life and Writings of Henry Pestalozzi; with copious Extracts from his Works, selected chiefly with a view to illustrate the Practical parts of his Method of Instruction. By Dr. BIBER.

The Route of Hannibal from the Rhone to the Alps. By HENRY LAWES LONG, Esq.

Ivan Vejeeghen, or Life in Russia, a novel, by THADDEUS BULGARIN; containing a delineation of the state of society in Moscow and St. Petersburg, &c.

A Panorama of Constantinople, and its Environs, from Scutari, drawn from Sketches by J. Pitman, Esq. and engraved by Mr. Clark, accompanied by a descriptive pamphlet.

Elements of the Differential and Integral Calculus, comprehending the Theory of Curve Surfaces and of Curves of Double Curvature. By J. R. YOUNG.

BOUCHER'S MSS.

The Proprietors of Dr. Webster's English Dictionary have purchased from the family of the late Rev. Jonathan Boucher, Vicar of Epsom, the MSS. which he had prepared for a Glossary of Provincial and Archæological Words, (intended originally as a Supplement to Dr. Johnson's Dictionary, of which one part, containing letter A, was published in 1807; see our vol. 74. p. 592; 79, 310). These will now be published as a Supplement to Dr. Webster's English Dictionary.

BIBLIOTHECA ANGLO-SAXONICA.

undertaken the publication of a body of AnMessrs. Black, Young, and Black have glo-Saxou MSS. illustrative of the Early Poetry and Literature of our Language, most of which have never yet been printed. The collection is to be edited by a distinguished learned Dane, now resident in this country, the Rev. N. F. S. Grundtvig, D.D. of Copenhagen. The following is a brief outline of the plan.* The first work proposed to be published by Dr. Grundtvig, is a new Edition of the Saxon poem Beowulf, with an introduction and literal English version. This will form two volumes.-The third volume will coutain Caedmon's poetical paraphrase of Genesis, with the continuations or imitations that are to be found in the old edition, in the Heptateuch, or elsewhere.-The fourth volume will contain a collection of miscellaneous Anglo-Saxon poems, chiefly extracted from the great book at Exeter, bequeathed to the library of that Cathedral by Bishop Leofric, at the close of the eleventh century. In the same

*The Anglo-Saxon translation of Bede, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, and the AngloSaxon Laws are to be passed by, as they all will be included in the "Corpus Historicum," printed under the superintendence of Mr. Petrie and Mr. Price.

1831.]

Literary and Scientific Intelligence.

volume will be inserted the triumphal song of the battle of Brunanburh, and the other metrical pieces in the Saxon Chronicle; and also the funeral dirge over Brithnoth, who fell gloriously at the battle of Meldun.The fifth, sixth, and seventh volumes will contain the Rhythmical Chronicle of Britain, supposed to have been written by a priest named Layamon, at the close of the 13th century. The eighth, ninth, and tenth volumes are intended to make up an Anglo-Saxon Homilarium, or mirror of the divinity of our Anglo-Saxon preachers, who were the great instructors of the new Christian world. The work is to be printed by subscription, in 8vo volumes of about 30 sheets, and a volume to be published about every six months.

LITERARY FUND SOCIETY.

May 11. The forty-second anniversary of this Institution was celebrated at Freemason's Hall, where upwards of 200 gentlemen of the first respectability sat down to dinner. The Lord Chancellor was in the chair, and was supported amongst others by the following noble and distinguished persons. His Grace the Duke of Somerset; Lords Mahon, Selkirk, and Portmore; the Attorney General, Right Hon. Robert Grant, Judge Haliburton (Nova Scotia); Sirs John Malcolm, J. E. Swinburne, and W. Clayton; the President of the Royal Academy; Sir Jeffry Wyatville, Sir William Beechey, Henry Ellis, Esq. M.P., H. L. Bulwer, Esq. M.P.; Mr. Gurney the King's Counsel; Drs. Conolly, Arnot, Ainslie, and A. T. Thompson; Professors Milman, M'Culloch, and Nott; Poets Croly, Sotheby, Montgomery, &c. &c. The body of the hall, we observed, was graced by the presence of almost every literary man in London. The spectacle was most gratifying, and it would be difficult to assemble a more enlightened and intellectual meeting than that which did honour to this festival. Here was the neutral ground on which men of all parties had gathered in amicable parley-every distinction which separates men of talent into sects and little communities was unknown-every feeling of selfish exclusiveness was banished-the voice of faction or of political enmity was hushed. One sentiment animated the whole, and it was a sentiment than which nothing tends to elevate, to ennoble, and dignify our nature more for it was connected with the amenities of literature, the exercise of charity, and the gratification of taste.

In proposing the toast of " Prosperity to the Literary Fund," the Lord Chancellor very eloquently advocated the objects of the Society, and whilst he vindicated the independence of the literary character, he did not conceal the vicissitudes of the literary career. His speech was listened to throughout with deep attention, interrupted only by vehement applause; for independently of

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the tact and talent by which the chair was filled, there existed a very grateful feeling of respect for the noble Lord, who, himself a literary man of the first eminence, and ex officio the guardian of literary rights, had made time amidst the almost endless engagements of his high station to preside at the festival of a society the most congenial perhaps with his present tastes and early association, of any charitable institution that could be proposed to him. Nor should the kindness of His Grace the Duke of Somerset, the President of the Institution, be forgotten on this occasion-with a feeling that does honour to his rank and character, he not only readily forewent his claim to the chair, but assisted in supporting the Lord Chancellor in it; thus evincing, that the first object of his regard was the welfare of the Society over which he has so long presided.

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It is almost needless to recommend this Society to the notice of every man who values the importance of Literature, and can appreciate its moral, civil, and religious effect upon the national character. Its purpose is simply to afford pecuniary assistance to authors of merit in times of unforeseen distress; "to stand," as one of its Registrars emphatically asserted in the language of Holy Writ, "between the living and the dead, that the plague may be stayed; and consolation, at the same moment that it to speak the language of hope administers substantial relief; and to do this without offending the delicacy, or wounding the instinctive jealousy of the person relieved. Objects thus benevolently intended have been amply realized; and although more than forty years' experience of the value of this Society could attest its usefulness, the pathetic statement made by the Rev. Mr. Croly, on this last anniversary meeting, would alone vindicate the claims of the Literary Fund upon public patronage, and place in the very highest rank of national institutions.

ROYAL SOCIETY.

April 28. The Duke of Sussex, President. A paper was read, On the Anatomy and Physiology of the minute and capillary vessels, by Marshal Hall, M.D. F.R.S.E. The list of the Council was filled up with the names of George Dollond, esq., John Fred. Daniell, esq., and Charles König, esq.

May 5. H. R. H. the President in the chair. Three papers were read: "On the effects of Hot Water on the Batrachia," by Dr. M. Hall; an account of a new method of propelling Vessels, by Mr. W. Hale; and "Additional thoughts on the use of the Ganglions in furnishing Electricity for the production of animal secretions," by Sir Everard Home, Bart. F.R.S.

May 12. H.R.H. the President in the chair.-Capt. Geo. Wm. Manby of Yar

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Literary Intelligence.-Antiquarian Researches.

mouth, was elected Fellow.-A paper was read, "On a peculiar class of Acoustic Figures, and on certain forms assumed by groups of particles upon vibrating elastic substances," by Michael Faraday, Esq. F.R.S.

May 19. J. W. Lubbock, Esq. V.P. and Treasurer in the Chair.-The following papers were read: An Experimental Examination of the Blood found in the Veni Portæ, by -Thackeray, esq., communicated by Sir A. Cooper, Bart. V.P.R.S.; a Table, facilitating the Computations relative to Suspension Bridges, by Davies Gilbert, esq. V.P.R.S.; Researches on Physical Astronomy, relating to the Theory of the Moon, by J. W. Lubbock, esq. V. P. and Treas. R.S.; au Account of the Construction and Verification of the Imperial Standard Yard, for the Royal Society, by Capt. Kater, F.R.S. AFRICAN EXPEDITION, AND DISCOVERY OF THE NIGer.

The important geographical problem respecting the termination of the Niger is at length solved by the discoveries of the Messrs. Lander, whose departure from England to Africa, under the auspices of

[May,

the British government, took place in Jan,

1830.

The Landers, after having reached Youri, embarked in a cance on the Niger, or, as it is called there, the Quarra, and came down the stream until they reached the sea, in the Bight of Biafra. The branch by which they came to the coast is called the Nun, or Brasse River, being the first river to the eastward of Cape Formosa. On their way down the river, they were attacked by the Hibboos, (a fierce nation that inhabit its banks), and made prisoners, or rather captives; but the King of Brasse happening to be in that country buying slaves, got them released, by giving the price of six slaves for each of them. In the scuffle that ensued at the time they were taken, one of them lost his journal.

Whilst at Youri they got the Prayer-book that belonged to Mr. Anderson, the brotherin-law and fellow-traveller of the celebrated

Mungo Park. They were upwards of a month at Fernando Po, whence they embarked, about ten days ago, in an English merchant vessel bound to Rio Janeiro, on their way to England.—Literary Gazette.

ANTIQUARIAN RESEARCHES.
SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES.
April 28. H. Gurney, esq. V.P.

Some observations on the definite article
The, by Richard Duppa, Esq. F.S. A. were
read. He remarked that the Latin language
has no article; the hic, hæc, hoc of the
grammar being clearly a pronominal adjec-
tive, signifying this.
The,' whenever
fully uttered, has a similar import. Dr.
Johnson has censured the practice of sink-
ing the final e in poetical versification; but,
as maintained by Mr. Duppa, it is only
when that letter is so dropped in pronuncia-
tion, that th' is really an article,--in which
respect the modern English agrees with its
Saxou original. It was added, that it is
evident, from a comparison of several lan-
guages, that genders have been generally
adopted from euphony; and that it is not a
philosophical opinion to suppose them con-
nected with any presumed natural analogy.

Mr. Grover's dissertation on Classical Chronology was afterwards continued.

May 5. H. Hallam, Esq. V, P.-John Amery, of Birmingham, esq.; and William Watkin Edward Wynne, Esq. of Peniorth, co. Merioneth, and of Old Cavendish-street, were elected Fellows.

Mr. Hardwick, the architect, exhibited a Roman altar, found about fifteen feet below the surface, in digging the foundations of the new Goldsmiths' Hall, in Foster-lane. It is about 2 feet high; on its front is carved a very graceful figure of a huntsman, standing erect, holding in his left hand a bow, and his right hand raised over his right shoulder to draw an arrow from the quiver

slung at his back. His head is covered with a Phrygian bonnet, and his buskins remarkably pointed. At his side sits a greyhound, turning round his head to look in his master's face. At the back, is slightly carved in outline what is supposed to be a harp, and the two sides are ornamented with long slips of laurel. See p. 390.

Henry Ellis, Esq. Sec. communicated a Declaration of all such fees and allowances as were lawfully allowed in the Court of Exchequer in the time of Elizabeth.

A further portion was also read of the Rev. John Skinner's letters on Camelodunum.

May 12. Mr. Gurney, V. P. in the chair. Andrew Fountaine, Esq. exhibited a female bust in bronze, from the collection of his ancestor Sir A. Fountaine.

Mr. Ellis, by permission of the Bishop of Llandaff, laid before the Society three let. ters, addressed to Sir William Morice, Secretary of State to King Charles the Second, and M.P. for Cornwall.-1. From Mr. Quin, Knight of the Shire for Devon, in Cromwell's Parliament of 1654; relative to an interview with the Protector. Mr. Quin, after having consulted with a learned and conscientious divine, had come to the determination that to take an unlawful oath was not sinful, inasmuch as the sin must lie at the door of the imposer-the miserable cant epitomised in those lines of Butler,

""Tis he that gives an oath that breaks it,

Not he who by compulsion takes it."
Mr. Quin concludes by persuading his friend

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