stroying a picturesque old gabled cottage, and substituting a brick square box in its room, the ancient forms of the cottage may be preserved, which the eye of taste delights to dwell upon, and which give such charms to the pictures of celebrated painters. At the same time this may be doue at a less expense, and with, probably, more room and convenience.

Mr. Robinson is so well known by his "Rural Architecture," his "Remarks on Mickleham Church" (which he so judiciously repaired), and other works, that it is only necessary to add, that this work is well calculated to increase his justly deserved celebrity.

Portrait of the Duke of Wellington.Moon, Boys, and Graves. In this noble picture Sir Thomas Lawrence has represented the great British Genera!, seated, in the most animated manner, on his charger Copenhagen, and in the costume which he wore at the field of Waterloo. It is adinirably engraved in the line manner by W. Bromley, Associate Engraver R. A. in the large size of 2 feet by 17 inches. This maguificent print is destined to command more than a passing popularity; from its large proportions, and masterly execution, it must always rank among the first class of English portraits; and among the noblest resemblances, if not the very best, of the hero of Waterloo.

Lord Byron, at the Age of Nineteen. Moon, Boys, and Graves. From a painting by G. Sanders, in the possession of John Cam Hobhouse, esq. M.P.-This print is admirably engraved by Mr. W. Finden, and is both published separately and forms the frontispiece to the second volume of Moore's life of Byron (reviewed in pp. 64-67. Lord Byron is standing on the sea-shore, leaning on a rock, in a position to show his graceful features and form to the best advantage; he is accompanied by a sailor, waiting with a boat to take his Lordship to á vessel in the distance. It is a pleasing subject, and well managed. Size 10 inches by 8.

aqua

Richard Cœur de Lion and Saladin, at the Battle of Ascalon. Moon, Boys, and Graves. -This is an engraving from the picture by A. Cooper, R.A. in the possession of James Morison, Esq. M.P. The print is well tinted by W. Giller, and measures 17 inches by 13. Mr. Cooper has done ample justice to his subject. From his celebrity as a painter of equestrian combats, it was agreeable to his taste, and he has contrived to throw a majesty and a confidence in the figure of Richard, which is well suited to our national hero whose very name in the East, after so many centuries, is still remembered as an object of terror-the best

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proof of the vastness of the reputation of the Hero of the Cross.

The Pointer. Moon, Boys, and Graves. Painted by Martin Theodore Ward, and engraved by Mr. John Scott. This print is worthy of the painter and engraver, high as each of them stands in the true representation of animals. The late lamented engraver, Mr. Scott, having left the plate unfinished, it has been completed with much ability by Mr. John Webb. The print is 16 inches by 13.

Panorama of Quebec.-Mr. Burford has lately opened a Panorama of Quebec. The capital of our Canadian possessions is worthy of being known to the British public. The view is taken from the Heights of Abraham, very near the spot where the gallant General Wolfe fell, after having achieved one of the most arduous exploits that the whole history of modern warfare présents. Very little of the town is visible, its low situation rendering it impossible to introduce it without sacrificing other and more important points. There is, however, a magnificent view of the bold and romantic land which surrounds it, intersected by the gigantic river St. Lawrence, and the sinuous St. Charles; and the point at which the Montmorency falls into the basin of Quebec is clearly indicated. For pictorial effect no panorama we remember exceeds this of Quebec, and the manner of its execution is highly creditable to the artist.

Nine numbers have been imported from Paris of a little work, entitled "The English School," consisting of a series of the most approved productions of Painting and Sculpture, by British Artists, from Hogarth's days to the present time. The plates are very well engraved in outline, upon steel, by Parisian artists; and they are selected by Mr. G. Hamilton, who has accompanied them by descriptive explanatory notices, both in English and French. From the neatness of the plates, the terseness of the descriptions, and the cheapness of the work, it is well calculated to spread a knowledge of the merits of English art on the Continent. It will, doubtless, have a very extended circulation. Each number has six plates, for the small price of 1s. 6d.— Reynolds, West, Lawrence, Wilkie, Peters, Fuseli, Flaxman, Chantrey, &c. are drawn upon to furnish materials for this work, and their exquisite productions are pleasingly brought to our recollection by these minute copies. The plates, however, are not equal in merit. Wilkie's Blind Fidler and Rent-day, and Stothard's Pilgrimage to Canterbury, each a difficult subject, are well copied; whilst the Portraits of George IV. and of John Kemble are failures.

Nos. 7, 8, and 9, of "The English

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School," have since appeared. From the smallness of the size we were apprehensive they would fail in giving an idea of such pictures as Hogarth's March to Finchley; but in the small space of 4 inches by 8, this spirited production is well defined. The same observation applies to West's celebrated picture of Regulus.

In those pictures where few figures occur, and consequently the characters are represented larger, the effect in outline is excellent. We heartily recommend this cheap little work.

The 8th Number of the Landscape Illustrations of the Waverley Novels, contains,

[Jan.

1. A pleasing View of Dunbarton Castle, drawn by D. Roberts. The water in this little print is sweetly represented. 2. Pier at Inverary, beautifully drawn by W. Daniell, R.A. 3, 4. Views of Inverlochy and Conisborough Castles, by Robson and De Wint. These prints are well arranged; but we should have been better satisfied with more of the Castles, the principal object being, in each, too much thrown into shade.

The 9th Number contains a view of Kirkwall Quay, with the Shipping, by Daniell; a good View of Kenilworth Castle, by De Wint; a beautiful view of Dunstafnage Tower, by Robson; and a view of the ruins of Jorvaulx Abbey, by De Wint.

New Works announced for Publication. A Refutation of Mr. Palgrave's Remarks on the "Observations on the State of Historical Literature;" together with additional Facts relative to the Record Commission and the Record Offices. By NICHOLAS HARRIS NICOLAS, Esq.

The Privy Purse Expenses of Elizabeth, of York, and the Wardrobe Accounts of Edward the Fourth; with an original Memoir of Elizabeth of York. By NICHOLAS HARRIS NICOLAS, Esq.

A Topographical and Statistical Description of the British Dominions in North America: including Considerations on Landgranting and Emigration, &c. &c.; with Views, Plans, &c. &c. By Col. Bouchette.

Part 1, of Mr. Major's beautiful Cabinet Edition of Hogarth's Works.

Part 9, of Hinton's History of America. History and Antiquities of Somersetshire. By W. PHELPS.

Lectures on the Gospels of St. Matthew and St. John. By the Bishop of CHESTER. Travels in the Holy Land. By W. RAE WILSON, Esq. F.S.A.

An Inquiry into the Proofs, Nature, and Extent of Inspiration, and into the Authority of Scripture. By the Rev. SAMUEL HINDS, A.M. &c.

A Help to Professing Christians. By the Rev. JOHN BARR, author of "The Scripture Student's Assistant," &c.

The Eternal Sonship of the Saviour considered, in a Letter to the Rev. Adam Clarke, LL.D. &c. &c.

Flora Oxoniensis, &c.-The Phænogamous Flora of Oxfordshire and its contiguous Counties, are in a state of considerable forwardness.

Lectures, lately delivered by Sir A. Cooper, Bart. and J. H. Green, Esq. F.R.S. A new edition. By THOMAS CASTLE, F.L.S. Also, by the same editor, an Introduction to Medical Botany.

Crotchet Castle. By the Author of Headlong Hall.

The Siege of Constantinople: a Poem, in three Cantos. By NICHOLAS MICHELL.

Framlingham: a Narrative of the Castle, historical and descriptive; a Poem, in four Cantos. By JAMES BIRD, author of the "Vale of Slaughten," &c. &c.

The Welsh Interpreter, containing a concise Vocabulary and useful Phrases, on the plan of Blaydon's French Interpreter. By Mr. ROBERTS, of Llwynrhudol.

The Principles of English Composition. By Mr. BOOTH, author of the "Analytical Dictionary."

An Outline of Sematology; or, an Essay towards establishing a new Theory of Grammar, Logic, and Rhetoric.

Examples in Algebra. By the Rev. W. FOSTER, Head Master of St. Paul's School, Southsea.

The King's Secret. A Novel.

A Panorama of Constantinople, and its Environs, from Sketches taken on the spot. By J. PITMAN, Esq.

Leigh's Guide for Travellers through Wales and Monmouthshire; with a minute Description of the Wye.

Summary of the Law of Master and Servant;-Law of Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes ;-Laws relating to Benefit Societies and Savings' Banks; and Freemason's Pocket Companion. By the Author of "Plain Advice to Landlords and Tenants."

Description of a Patent Metallic Lining and Damper, for rendering Chimneys Fireproof, and free from Smoke.

ROYAL SOCIETY.

Jan. 13. J. W. Lubbock, esq. Treasurer in the chair.-The Earl of Selkirk was elected Fellow.

1831.]

A portion was read of a very important paper "On the equilibrium of Fluids, and the figure of a homogeneous planet in a fluid state, by James Ivory, esq. F.R.S.

Jan. 20. H. R. H. the Duke of Sussex, President, in the chair.-Wm. John Blake, esq. of Christ church, Oxford, was elected Fellow.

The reading of Mr. Ivory's paper was continued.

ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY.

Jan. 15. Sir James South, the President, announced that his Majesty had been graciously pleased to become Patron of the Society, and that considerable progress had been made in the preparation of its charter. It will henceforward, therefore, be distinguished by the title of the " Royal Astronomical Society."

KING'S COLLEGE, London.

The following appointments have been made:-N. W. Senior, esq. to the chair of Political Economy; J. J. Park, esq. English Law and Jurisprudence; the Rev. Henry Moseley, Natural and Experimental Philosophy; Joseph Lowe, esq. Lectureship of Commerce; the Rev. J. R. Major, M.A. Head Master of the High School, attached to the upper department.

:

ROYAL HUMANE SOCIETY.

Jan. 12. At a General Meeting, Dr. Valpy in the Chair, seven medals were adjudged. The most interesting case was the following the child of Mrs. Knife, of Greenwich, was discovered with its head in a large tub of water, and was to all appearance dead, the extremities cold, the lips livid, the eyes glassy, and the pupils dilated. Mr. Harper, assistant to Mr. Taylor, surgeon, attended. He immersed the body in hot salt and water, administered stimulants, and relieved the congestion of the brain by opening a vein in the arm.

After 15 minutes exertion the child sighed, and the pulse was slightly felt. The symptoms of revival fluctuated two hours, and it was not until the expiration of six hours that it was out of danger.

Other medals were awarded to Lieut. Waugh of his Majesty's ship Kent, for his intrepid conduct in saving the life of Mr. Burdwood, midshipman, who had fallen overboard, off Plymouth; and to Hopkins Eustace, for saving the life of James Elphinstone, of the Lady Macnaughton East India trader, while in Sea Reach. Elphinstone was firing a signal gun, and by some accident was blown overboard, having his arm shot away.

The Secretary reported that, during the late frost, seven accidents had occurred in the Parks, and that all the persons had been rescued from death by the Society's men.

Mr. Sweet asked whether the Society had had any information of a life-boat used in Holland, and which was particularly adapted to saving life when persons fell through the

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ice. The boat had a well in the middle, and through this the operation of recovering the bodies of persons in the water was much facilitated. Mr. Hawes replied that the subject was of great interest, and he would endeavour to obtain a model. He wished now to state, that, in order to obtain the best information on the subject of recovering the lives of persons apparently dead from drowning, &c. and to keep pace with the enlightened state of medical knowledge, it had been resolved to give a prize for the best essay on the subject. Many had been sent in, and a Medical Committee had been appointed to examine into the merits.

CHINESE PAGODAS.

There is no subject on which more difference of opinion exists than in the original use of the large Chinese pagodas. There are two classes; the small or most numerous sorts are generally called Emperors' pagodas, and resemble in size and shape the better sort of English pigeon-house when built separately, only in beautifully selected romantic wooded heights. In these, worship, either to the Emperor or his ancestors, is regularly performed; an attendant, to keep in order the place, is in all cases resident close to the building, and about their use no doubt exists. But with respect to the larger class of pagodas, parties by no means agree. European visiters to China will best understand these by calling them the Second Bar and Whampoa pagodas; and are the best specimens of their architecture the south of China affords. This class are all in progressive decay, though not so much so as to be termed ruinous; they are built in the shape of a column of stories, each less than the under one, and the division marked by a bold pediment of mason-work round the entire column whose figure is an exact octagon. The stories are in some cases nine, some eleven ; and the buildings rise to a height of 110 to 120 feet, but invariably assume a most imposing aspect, from their site. At the very summit they are usually crowned with a wild fig, which has assumed the place of the beacon-keeper, if such was their use. They originally contained a stair inside, but, coming out on each pediment, now very ruinous; and they are lighted by arched windows on each story to the four Cardinal points, so that, when due North, South, West, or East, one sees through the entire shaft of the pillar on every story. Their materials without are a red freestone (of which the walls of Canton are also built), and within of brick. The most generally supposed uses, are 1. Purposes of religion.— 2. Purposes of navigation.—3. Beacons against Ladrones or Tartars.-All of which opinions have their supporters.

CAPTAIN ROSs.

Two accounts of the progress of Captain Ross's exploratory voyage have arrived. Ac

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cording to one, Captain Ross was met with in Baffin's Bay, in August 1829, where, having suffered damage during hard weather, he fortunately was enabled, from the wreck of a Greenland ship, to refit. He afterwards steered northward. The other account represents the adventurous Commander and his brave crew as having been forced back to Lively Bay, in Baffin's Bay, where they spent last winter.

SAVINGS' BANKS.

Mr. Pratt, the Barrister appointed to ra tify the rules of Banks for Savings, and Friendly Societies, has lately published a digest or history of the progress and present state of Banks for Savings, in which he lays before the public an abstract of the several accounts sent into the National Debt Office, made up to Nov. 20, 1829, arranged alphabetically in the order of Counties throughout England, Wales, and Ireland, exhibiting the number of depositors in each bank, the number of deposits in the several classes, as they are under 20l. 50l. 100l. 150l. 200l. or above 2001. introduced by a recapitulation of these accounts in each separate county. In England, Wales, and Ireland, for Scotland makes no return to the National Debt Office, there are 487 Savings' Banks, in which the number of depositors is 403,712; the amount of deposits 13,523,428l.; of these depositors, more than half the number, or 203,691, have deposits under 201. each, or on the average 71. 4s. 5d.; there are also 4549 Friendly Societies, having deposits to the amount of 747,124l. or on the average 164l. 4s. 9d. each, and 1684 Charitable Societies. The total number of accounts is 409,945, and the total amount of deposits with interest 1,443,4921. the average of the same placed to each account is 35l. 4s. 2d. In Ireland there are 65 Savings' Banks, including 31,500 depositors, and 132 Friendly Societies.

It is an extraordinary fact, that the number of depositors in the Savings' Banks exceeds the number of persons receiving dividends in the Bank of England, in the proportion of 403,712 to 274,823; and of this number the half-yearly dividends of 83,609 are under 51. each. If this class of small fundholders be added to the number of depositors in the Savings' Banks, they will form together a body of nearly half a million of persons.

The Friendly Societies in England, Ireland, and Wales, having deposits in Savings' Banks are 4549, and if these contain each but 40 members, here are more than 180,000 persons morally striving to improve their condition, politically interested in the public prosperity. Amidst the sickening details of increasing pauperism and crime, it is consolatory to reflect that these Institutions have had their rise and progress simultaneously with the increase of the parochial assessments; and while they are sensibly affected

[Jan.

by the state of the country, they prove that there is yet a large body of the labouring classes who may be depended upon, who still refuse to throw themselves entirely upon their parishes; and who are able and willing, under kind and wise conduct, to make exertions for their own support.

THE FAIRFAX PAPERS.

The unexpected appearance at a 'public sale of an accumulation of original manuscripts, the unexplored documents of a family illustrious in English history, is an event of unfrequent occurrence. The value of such records is now so well understood, that in almost every case they are treasured with perhaps too immoderate an estimate of their value, and a care almost amounting to selfishness; or, if brought to the literary mar ket, are heralded with all the parade of a long anticipated announcement.

ever,

In the present case, Mr. Christie, having last year sold the furniture and paintings belonging to the venerable mansion of Leeds Castle, in Kent, was employed to raise what further money could be procured for a collection of books, which, rather than auy systematically formed library, had been formed by the desultory reading of a succession of country gentlemen. To these, howhad been added several volumes, once the property of the Rev. Dr. David Wilkins, the compiler of the Concilia Britannica and editor of the works of Selden. The old papers which remained in the chests or drawers, were, to make a clear coast, sent up to town with the rest; but so low was the estimation in which they were held, that, not long before, two sacks full of such papers as have now singly produced many pounds, were sold to Mr. J. N. Hughes, a solicitor at Maidstone, for the comparatively trifling sum of five pounds in the whole. And here let us add, that we deem a nominal consideration like this, more rational than that contrary extreme, which the rivalry of contending brokers has produced on some recent occasions. When any well-qualified individual undertakes the perusal and arrangement of ancient MSS. he well deserves the advantage (if such indeed be more than an ignis fatuus) which their publication can confer; and, as for the selfish satisfaction of merely possessing the originals, we confess we have no sympathy with it. We fear, besides, that the mania now existing is calculated so far to enhance the value of the "unique" originals, as to impede the progress of publication, thus prolonging all the risk of destruction which must ever attend a single copy, and rendering them, so long as they are so regarded, of no rational use at all.

* The Trustees of the British Museum have recently been unable to add to the public collection without running the gaunt let of these most emulous gentlemen.