The Principles of Chemistry, Volumen1Longmans, Green, and Company, 1891 |
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The Principles of Chemistry, Volumen1 D. Mendeléeff,Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev Vista de fragmentos - 1891 |
Términos y frases comunes
absorbed according action acts affinity alcohol alkali ammonia ammonium amount anhydrous apparatus aqueous vapour atmosphere barium boiling point bromine burning calcium carbonic anhydride carbonic oxide caustic soda charcoal chemical chloric acid chlorine combination combustion composition compounds contains copper corresponding crystallisation crystals cubic decomposed determined dissociation dissolved distillation easily elements evaporation evolved example flame formation formed gaseous gases gives grams hydrate hydriodic acid hydrocarbons hydrochloric acid hydrogen peroxide hydroxide insoluble instance iodine iron lime liquid magnesium mass matter mercury metals method mixture molecular molecules naphtha nitrate nitre nitric acid nitrogen nitrous observed obtained ordinary temperature organic oxidising oxygen ozone passed phenomena platinum portion potassium potassium chlorate present pressure produced properties quantity reaction red heat saturated separated sodium carbonate sodium chloride sodium hydroxide sodium sulphate solid soluble in water specific gravity specific heat substances sulphide sulphuric acid sulphurous anhydride takes place tion tube vessel volatile volume whilst zinc
Pasajes populares
Página 298 - Two volumes of hydrogen combine with one volume of oxygen to form two volumes of aqueous vapour.
Página 219 - ... however, neither animals nor plants can utilize nitrogen unless it is fixed in some combination. Nitrogen in its elemental form constitutes about fourfifths by volume or three-fourths by weight of the atmosphere, but this elemental form must combine with other elements before it can be assimilated. Plants are nourished by the nitrogenous substances contained in the soil and water, and animals by the nitrogenous substances in plants and other animals. The use of fertilizers containing nitrogen...
Página 39 - First Principles was an attempt to do just this: to show that the concept of general evolution followed 'inevitably' from laws of the indestructibility of matter and of the conservation of energy. Spencer's argument is unimportant and unconvincing, its sole purpose being to justify his expectation of finding evolution at work everywhere. The Universe evolved, and the solar system and earth within it. Animals and plants evolve generation by generation, and within any one generation the development...
Página 362 - But th> hypothesis of the formation of naphtha from vegetable inevitably assumes coal to b¿ the chief element of decomposition, and naphtha is met with in Pennsylvania and Canada, in the Silurian and Devonian strata, which do not contain coal, and correspond to an epoch not abounding in organic matter. If we ascribe the derivation of naphtha to the decomposition of fat (adipose animal fat) we encounter three almost...
Página 296 - In the case of amyl alcohol, the outer glass tube would be connected with a condenser to prevent the escape into the air of the unpleasant- smelling vapour. The detonating gas is thus heated up to a temperature of 132°. When its volume becomes constant it is measured, the...
Página ix - Knowing how contented, free, and joyful is life in the realms of science, one fervently wishes that many would enter their portals. On this account many pages of this treatise are unwittingly stamped with the earnest desire that the habits of chemical contemplation which I have endeavored to instil into the minds of my readers will incite them to the further study of science. Science will then flourish in them and by them, on a fuller acquaintance not only with the little that is enclosed within...
Página 178 - ... and an increased supply of air accelerates them. The mechanical treatment of arable lands by the plough, harrow, and other similar means has not only the object of facilitating the, spread of roots in the ground, and of making the soil more permeable to water, but it also serves to facilitate the access of the air to the component parts of the soil ; as a consequence of which the organic remains of soil rot — so to speak, breathe air and evolve carbonic anhydride. One acre of good garden land...
Página 50 - Consequently, at these high temperatures the cohesion between the particles of water would be almost nil. Only certain solutions (sal ammoniac and lithium chloride), and these only with a great excess of water, rise higher than pure water in capillary tubes. The great cohesion of water doubtless determines many of both its physical and chemical properties. The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one part by weight of water from 0° to 1°, ie, by 1° C., is called the unit of hrat...
Página 291 - ... the gases are obtained in the proportion of eight parts by weight of oxygen to one part by weight of hydrogen, or one volume of oxygen to two volumes of hydrogen; (3) when...
Página 137 - The same holds for the molecules within the column, so that the attraction is proportional to the square of the density, or inversely proportional to the square of the volume.