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Sleeping within mine orchard,
My custom always in the afternoon,
Upon my secure hour thy uncle stole,
With juice of cursed hebona in a phial,
And in the porches of mine ears did pour
The leprous distilment.

Hamlet.

In all these instances we find a formality, a staleness and uncouthness of sound, that is peculiarly displeasing to the ear: and as this mode of writing was introduced when our pronunciation may be said to have been in its infancy, for the sake of euphony (for it is clearly ungrammatical), so now that it may be said to have arrived at its maturity, the very same reason seems to entitle the present age to alter it: that is, I mean the pronunciation of it, by substituting my pronounced like me in its stead.

The disagreeable sound which mine has, in these cases, to the ear, has inclined several readers to pronounce it min; but by thus mincing the matter (if the pun will be pardoned me) they mutilate the word, and leave it more disagreeable to the ear than it was before. Readers · therefore seem to have no choice but to pronounce it always as it is written, and to let the author be answerable for the ill sound; or, in all language, but that of Scripture, to change it into my pronounced like me. Shakspeare seems to have used this word ludicrously in the Merry Wives of Windsor, where Falstaff says, "Mine "host of the garter;-truly mine host, I must "turn away some of my followers:" and the host, by requesting Falstaff to speak scholarly and wisely, seems to intimate that this use of the word mine before a vowel or an h was the most correct way of speaking.

But though thy will, in familiar or ludicrous language, admit of being changed in sound to the,-mine will on no occasion suffer an alteration into min. When it is used familiarly, it is always a burlesque upon the grave use of it, and therefore requires the grave sound to be retained, or the humour of it would be lost.

The indistinct sound of the word NOT.

FROM the frequent pronunciation of this word without the least necessity of placing an accent on it, we find it sometimes fall into an indistinctness which almost reduces the sound of it to nothing. When it is emphatically opposed to something positive, as, Though he asserts it is so, I assert it is notso; here the word has its genuine full sound, rhyming with hot, shot, lot, &c.; but when there is no such opposition in the sense, we often hear it dwindle into nut, as, This is a hint which I have nut observed in any of our writers on this subject. Here we shall find the generality of readers lay an accent upon have, and pronounce the word not in the obscure manner I have been describing: where it may be observed, though there ought not to be any emphasis on it, as in the former example, it should certainly be sounded exactly in the same distinct manner in both places.

That the word not in a simple negative sentence does not require an accent, but is pronounced like an unaccented syllable of the word that precedes it, may be gathered from the colloquial contraction of the negative phrases, can not, shall not, do not, into ca'n't, sha'n't, don't. &c. It is true that these contractions ought

never to appear in print, except in comedies and farces, where the language of the lowest vulgar is often adopted; but it is perhaps impossible to refuse them a place in spoken language, where the subject is common and familiar; though even here they should be indulged as little as possible: but be this as it may, they certainly tend to show that a simple negative lays no stress on the negation, or custom would never have so much obscured it in the contraction. It may be observed in passing, that as these contractions have disappeared in print, they have been gradually vanishing from polite conversation; and as they ought never to have place in public speaking, so those speakers in private may be looked upon as the most elegant who make the least use of them.

How to pronounce the Participial Termination

ING.

THE participial termination ing is frequently a cause of embarrassment to readers who have a desire to pronounce correctly; nor is it easy to solve the difficulty. We are told, even by teachers of English, that ing in the words singing, bringing, and swinging, must be pronounced with the ringing sound which is heard when the accent is on these letters, in words of one syllable, as, king, sing, and wing, and not as if written without the g, as, singin, bringin, swingin. No one can be a greater advocate than I am for the strictest adherence to orthography, as long as the public pronunciation pays the least attention to it; but when, from the nicest observation of the best speakers, I find letters given up, with respect to sound, I then consider them

as ciphers. It is from observation I can assert, that our best speakers do not invariably pronounce the participial ing so as to rhyme with sing, king, and ring, but sometimes only as the preposition in. In the first place, whenever the verb ends with ing, as, to sing, tỏ bring, or to fling, the repetition of the ringing sound in the sylla-, bles immediately following each other would have a very bad effect on the ear, and, instead of singing, bringing, or flinging, our best speakers universally pronounce them singin, bringin, and fingin: for the very same reason, we ought to admit the ringing sound when the verb ends with in; for if, instead of sinning, pinning, and beginning, we should pronounce sinnin, pinnin, and beginnin, we should fall into the same disgusting repetition as in the former examples. That ing should not always have its ringing sound when a participial termination is not very wonderful, when we consider how much it is the custom of pronunciation to shorten and obscure vowels, in final syllables, that are not under the stress. What a trifling omission is the g after n in these syllables, to the mutilation of oient in the plurals of French verbs into a! But trifling as it is, it savours too much of vulgarity to omit it in any words but where the same sound immediately precedes, as in singin, bringin, flingin, &c. without saying any thing of the ambiguity it may may possibly form by confounding it with the préposition in. Writing, reading, and speaking, therefore, are certainly preferable to writin, readin, and speakin, wherever the language has the least degree of precision or solemnity, and more particularly in reading or speaking in public.

How to pronounce the Word To, when succeeded by the Pronoun You.

I HAVE frequently observed some little embarrassment in readers when they have met with these words without any accentual force on them; as in the phrases, "I spoke to you "about it long ago,"-" He went to you about

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some important business."-In these phrases, where you is without accent or emphasis, and is, according to the foregoing rule, pronounced ye, we sometimes hear the to sounded as if written te; as, "I spoke te ye about "it long ago," &c. But it may be observed, that though the you may very properly in this situation be sounded like ye, yet to must always preserve its true sound, as if written two, at least when we are reading, however it may be suffered to approach to te when we are speaking; for it must ever be kept in mind, that there will always be a slight difference between easy or cursory conversation, and reading or oratorical speaking; or, in other words, between speaking and talking: the one will admit of many contractions and slightnesses in pronunciation, which would be wholly inexcusable in the other. Writers on this subject commonly content themselves with referring us to the practice of the best speakers; and without all question, this is the principal object of attention; but with the same advice that others give, I have attempted to add a few rules by way of rendering the advice more useful.

Having premised these observations on words, we shall next proceed to sentences; as words, arranged into sentences, may be properly called the subject matter of the Art of Reading.

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