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CONTENTS

LIST OF WITNESSES

Wednesday, September 22, 1971:

Page

Flood, Hon. Daniel J., a Representative in Congress from the State of
Pennsylvania

2

Rarick, Hon. John R., a Representative in Congress from the State of
Louisiana

29

Scott, Hon. William L., a Representative in Congress from the State of Virginia___.

55

Sullivan, Hon. Leonor K., a Representative in Congress from the State of Missouri__

39

Thursday, September 23, 1971:

Dennis, Hon. David W., a Representative in Congress from the State of
Indiana

64

Hall, Hon. Durward G., a Representative in Congress from the State of Missouri_.

59

Williams, Hon. Lawrence G., a Representative in Congress from the
State of Pennsylvania_---

72

STATEMENTS AND MEMORANDUMS SUPPLIED
FOR THE RECORD

Memorial to the Congress-Panama Canal, sovereignty and moderniza-
tion, Committee for Continued U.S. Control of the Panama Canal, 1971,
submitted by Mr. Flood___

Background on Panama Canal treaty negotiations, submitted by Mr.
Flood

Memorandum on 53rd annual national convention of the American Legion,
Houston, Tex., August 31, September 1, 2, 1971, submitted by Mr.
Flood

14

18

Headlines from the Panama American referred to by Mr. Flood_
Letter to Hon. Dante B. Fascell from Hon. Daniel J. Flood on question of
whether new major canal modernization requires a new treaty, sub-
mitted by Mr. Flood__.

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Paper entitled Panama Canal in Great Danger, by Ira C. Eaker, Lt. Gen.,
U.S. Air Force, Retired, submitted by Mr. Rarick__.
Article from Alert entitled "Providing Aid and Comfort to the Enemy
is Treason," submitted by Mr. Rarick__
Paper by the Office of Interoceanic Canal Negotiations, on background
of U.S. decision to resume Panama Canal treaty negotiations, sub-
Imitted by Mr. Rarick___

32

33

35

Telegram regarding violent demonstrations in the Panama Canal to the
U.S. House of Representatives, submitted by Mr. Rarick___
Letter to Hon. Dante B. Fascell from Hon. Leonor K. Sullivan regarding
the attached letter to Mrs. Sullivan from John C. Mundt concerning a
statement made by Mrs. Sullivan on September 22d on the Panama Canal
which she would like to clarify__.

37

42

Letter of May 20, 1971, from Hon. Leonor K. Sullivan to the President of the United States, respectfully urging that the administration not begin new treaty negotiations__

44

Speech made by Hon. Leonor K. Sullivan on the floor of the House on April 1, 1971.

46

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85

PANAMA CANAL, 1971

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1971

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS,

SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS,

Washington, D.C.

The subcommittee met at 2 p.m., in room 2200, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Dante B. Fascell (chairman of the subcommittee) presiding.

Mr. FASCELL. The subcommittee will please come to order.

The United States is presently negotiating a new treaty governing the control and operation of one of the world's most important waterways-the Panama Canal.

For 57 years, the canal has provided immense economic benefits to the United States, Panama, and the entire world. In times of war and crisis, it has also given us important military flexibility.

Over the years since the original treaty between the United States and Panama for construction of the canal, the United States, in response to Panamanian requests, has modified the original treaty two times by treaty. While relations between our two countries are necessarily close and generally friendly, there remains a good deal of conflict and controversy over the canal. In the belief that these problems, if left unresolved, might permanently embitter relations between our two countries and in order to provide for needed new canal capacity, President Johnson agreed to negotiate a new treaty with Panama. While draft agreements were signed, they were never submitted for ratification in either country.

Last December, the Atlantic-Pacific Interoceanic Canal Study Commission recommended that the United States construct a new sea level canal in Panama 10 miles west of the present canal site. Following this recommendation, President Nixon decided to reopen talks with Panama on a new basic treaty governing U.S. canal rights.

While the House of Representatives does not have a direct voice in approval of treaties, many Members of Congress feel that the canal is so vital to U.S. interests that we should not give up a single right in the Canal Zone. The breadth and depth of this concern is evidenced by the fact that 88 Members have introduced 42 House resolutions to express the sense of the House of Representatives that the U.S. maintain its sovereignty and jurisdiction over the Panama Canal Zone.

The subcommittee is meeting today to consider the resolutions and to hear from our distinguished colleagues on this subject.

The greatest exponent of all is our great and distinguished colleague from Pennsylvania who has made a lifelong study of this matter,

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