scribed is received from the bridge operator, except when a vessel or other watercraft is about to leave a point between two drawbridges and within sight or hearing of them to pass through the draw downstream or in the direction of the ebb current, the signal shall be followed after a brief interval by an additional blast or distinct stroke of a bell. Visual signal.—A white flag by day, a white light by night, swung in full circles at arm's length in full sight of the bridge and facing the draw.

This signal is to be used in conjunction with sound signals when conditions are such that sound signals may not be heard.

ACKNOWLEDGING SIGNALS

BY BRIDGE OPERATOR

Sound signals.--Draw to be opened immediately: Same as call signal. Draw cannot be opened immediately, or if open must be closed immediately: Four or more short and rapid blasts of a whistle, horn, or siren, or four sharp and rapid strokes of a bell, to be repeated at regular intervals until acknowledged by the vessel.

Visual signals. The system of sight signals (hereinafter described) to be used in each individual case will be subject to the approval of the Division Engineer of the United States Engineer Department in charge of the locality. They will be used in conjunction with sound signals when conditions are such that sound signals alone are insufficient.

Draw to be opened immediately:

(1) Green light (or a white flag during daylight hours) swung up and down vertically a number of times in full sight of the vessel, or (2) Three flashing green lights so located as to be visible to approaching vessels, or

(3) During daylight hours three cylinders or balls so located as to be visible to approaching vessels.

Draw cannot be opened immediately, or if open must be closed immediately:

(1) A red light (or a red flag during daylight hours) swung to and fro horizontally in full sight of the vessel, or

(2) During daylight hours one cylinder or ball so located as to be visible to approaching vessels.

BY THE VESSEL

Vessels or other watercraft having signaled for the opening of a draw and having received a signal that the draw cannot be opened immediately, or if open must be closed immediately, will acknowledge said signal by one long blast followed by a short blast or by swinging to and fro horizontally a red flag by day or a red light at night.

5. A vessel approaching to pass two or more bridges less than 800 feet apart shall signal the first bridge as prescribed herein (see par. 4) and give the same signals for the second bridge after an interval of about 10 seconds and so on, thus giving at intervals of about 10 seconds separate signals for each bridge to be passed. The operator of each bridge shall reply as prescribed herein (see par. 4).

6. When two or more vessels are approaching to pass a drawbridge from opposite directions, the person in charge of each vessel shall signal for the opening of the draw as prescribed herein. The vessel running with the current shall have the right-of-way. At slack tide the

vessel running in ebb current direction shall have right-of-way. The bridge operator shall reply as herein before prescribed. (See par. 4.)

7. When vessels are approaching a bridge span or a draw from the same direction each vessel shall signal independently for the opening of the draw and shall be navigated in accordance with the pilot rule applicable to the waterway governing such vessels.

8. Special supplemental regulations may be prescribed to provide for closed or open periods when land or water traffic predominates and to provide for intermittent attendance of bridge operators on bridges across streams where water traffic is minor or at times nonexistent. Owners of or the agency controlling bridges for which such special supplemental regulations are prescribed will be required to keep a copy thereof posted in a conspicuous place on both the upstream and downstream sides of the bridges.

9. These regulations shall be in force on and after June 1, 1933, and shall supersede all general bridge regulations previously approved for these waters.

SPECIAL DRAWBRIDGE REGULATIONS

Quincy Bay at Quincy, Ill.; bridge (railroad) opposite Broadway Street. (a) The owner of or agency controlling the bridge will not be required to keep a draw tender in constant attendance at the above-named bridge.

(b) Whenever a vessel unable to pass under the closed bridge desires to pass through the draw, advance notice to that effect shall be given to the authorized representative of the owner or of agency controlling the bridge, as follows: Between the hours of 7:30 a. m. and 5:30 p.m. at least 30 minutes, and between the hours of 5:30 p.m. and 7:30 a. m. at least 90 minutes.

(c) Upon receipt of such notice the authorized representative of the owner of or agency controlling the bridge, in compliance therewith, shall arrange for the prompt opening of the draw at the time specified in the notice for the passage of the vessel.

(d) The owner of or agency controlling the bridge shall keep conspicuously posted on both the upstream and downstream sides of the bridge, in such a manner that it can be easily read at any time, a copy of these regulations, together with a notice stating exactly how the representative specified in paragraph (b) may be reached.

(e) The operating machinery of the draw shall be maintained in serviceable condition and the draw opened and closed at least once each month to make certain that the machinery is in proper order for satisfactory operation.

(f) These special regulations, which shall take effect October 15, 1932, may be revoked upon 2 weeks' notice by the Secretary of War whenever, in his judgment, the interests of navigation so warrant.

Black River, Wis.; bridge. (a) The owners of, or agencies controlling, the bridges will not be required to keep draw tenders in constant attendance at the above-mentioned bridges.

(b) Whenever a vessel unable to pass under a closed bridge desires to pass through the draw, at least 24 hours' advance notice of the time the opening is required shall be given to the authorized representative of the owner of, or agency controlling, the bridge.

(c) Upon receipt of such notice, the authorized representative of the owner of, or agency controlling, the bridge, in compliance there

with, shall arrange for the prompt opening of the draw at the time specified in the notice for the passage of the vessel.

(d) The owners of, or agencies controlling, the bridges shall keep conspicuously posted on both the upstream and downstream sides of the bridges in a manner that it can easily be read at any time a copy of these regulations, together with a notice stating exactly how the representatives specified in paragraph (b) may be reached.

(e) The operating machinery of the draws shall be maintained in a serviceable condition, and the draws opened and closed at least once each quarter to make certain that the machinery is in proper order for satisfactory operation.

(f) These regulations shall take effect and be in force on and after April 29, 1938, and shall supersede any provisions heretofore made to govern the operation of the above-named bridges.

St. Croix River, Minn. and Wis.-Bridge (highway) at Stillwater, Minn. (a) During any portion of the year when the river is open to navigation, the owner of, or agency controlling, this bridge will keep thereat a draw tender in constant attendance between 6 a. m. Saturday and 12 midnight Sunday and between 6 a. m. and 12 midnight on legal holidays. At all other times a draw tender will not be required in constant attendance at this bridge.

(b) Whenever a vessel unable to pass under the closed bridge desires to pass through the draw during the periods when a draw tender is not required to be in constant attendance, at least 2 hours' advance notice of the time the opening is required shall be given to the authorized representative of the owner of, or agency controlling, the bridge.

(c) Upon receipt of such notice, the authorized representative of the owner of, or agency controlling, the bridge shall arrange for the prompt opening of the draw at the time specified in the notice for the passage of the vessel.

(d) The owner of, or agency controlling, the bridge shall keep conspicuously posted on both the upstream and downstream sides of the bridge and in a manner that it can be read at any time a copy of these regulations, with a notice stating exactly how the representative specified in paragraph (b) may be reached.

(e) The operating machinery of the draw shall be maintained in a serviceable condition, and the draw opened and closed at least once each quarter to make certain that the machinery is in proper order for satisfactory operation.

(f) These regulations shall take effect and be in force on and after June 15, 1938, and the regulations approved August 26, 1931, applying to the above-named bridge are hereby revoked to take effect on that date.

Bridges of Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railway Co. south of Osceola, Wis., and the Village of Osceola, Wis.-(a) The owners of, or agencies controlling, the bridges will not be required to keep draw tenders in constant attendance at the above-mentioned bridges.

(b) Whenever a vessel unable to pass under a closed bridge desires to pass through the draw, at least 24 hours' advance notice of the time the opening is required shall be given to the authorized representative of the owner of, or agency controlling, the bridge.

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(c) Upon receipt of such notice, the authorized representative of the owner of, or agency controlling, the bridge, in compliance therewith, shall arrange for the prompt opening of the draw at the time specified in the notice for the passage of the vessel.

(d) The owners of, or agencies controlling, the bridges shall keep conspicuously posted on both the upstream and downstream sides of the bridges in a manner that it can easily be read at any time a copy of these regulations, together with a notice stating exactly how the representatives specified in paragraph (b) may be reached.

(e) The operating machinery of the draws shall be maintained in a serviceable condition, and the draws opened and closed at least once each quarter to make certain that the machinery is in proper order for satisfactory operation.

(f) These regulations shall take effect and be in force on and after April 29, 1938, and all regulations or parts of regulations applying to the above-named bridges in conflict therewith are hereby revoked to take effect on that date.

Minnesota River, Minn.; bridges between mouth of river and Le Sueur, Minn. (a) The owners of, or agencies controlling, the bridges will not be required to keep draw tenders in constant attendance at the above-mentioned bridges.

(b) Whenever a vessel unable to pass under a closed bridge desires to pass through the draw, at least 24 hours' advance notice of the time the opening is required shall be given to the authorized representative of the owner of, or agency controlling, the bridge.

(c) Upon receipt of such notice, the authorized representative of the owner of, or agency controlling, the bridge, in compliance therewith, shall arrange for the prompt opening of the draw at the time specified in the notice for the passage of the vessel.

(d) The owners of, or agencies controlling, the bridges shall keep conspicuously posted on both the upstream and downstream sides of the bridges in a manner that it can easily be read at any time a copy of these regulations, together with notices stating exactly how the representatives specified in paragraph (b) may be reached.

(e) The operating machinery of the draws shall be maintained in a serviceable condition, and the draws opened and closed at least once each quarter to make certain that the machinery is in proper order for satisfactory operation.

(f) These regulations shall take effect and be in force on and after April 29, 1938, and shall supersede any provisions heretofore made to govern the operation of the above-named bridges.

(g) For the Minnesota River, Minn., at and above Le Sueur, Minn., no special or general regulations shall apply.

EXTRACTS FROM PILOT RULES FOR THE RIVERS WHOSE WATERS FLOW INTO THE GULF OF MEXICO AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES, AND THE RED RIVER OF THE NORTH

(Rules and regulations for the government of pilots of vessels propelled by steam, gas, fluid, naphtha, or electric motors and of other vessels propelled by machinery, navigating the Red River of the North, the Mississippi River, and other rivers emptying into the Gulf of Mexico, and their tributaries, as amended by the Board of United States Supervising Inspectors, Steamboat Inspection Service, February 18, 1911, and approved by the Secretary of Commerce, under the authority of section 4412, Revised Statutes of the United States. These rules have been signed by the members of the Board of Supervising Inspectors, as required by section 4412, Revised Statutes).

These rules shall be effective on and after April 1, 1911.

RULES FOR VESSELS PASSING EACH OTHER

In the following rules the words steam vessel and steamer shall include any vessel propelled by machinery.

Risk of collision can, when circumstances permit, be ascertained by carefully watching the compass bearing of an approaching vessel. If the bearing does not appreciably change, such risk should be deemed to exist.

RULE I. When steamers are approaching each other from opposite directions, the signals for passing shall be one short and distinct blast of the whistle to alter course to starboard so as to pass on the port side of the other, and two short and distinct blasts of the whistle to alter course to port so as to pass on the starboard side of the other. When two vessels are meeting end on, or nearly end on, so as to involve risk of collision, each shall alter her course to starboard, so that each may pass on the port side of the other.1

When an ascending steamer is approaching a descending steamer, the pilot of the ascending steamer shall give the first signal for passing, which shall be promptly answered by the same signal by the pilot of the descending steamer, if safe to do so, and both shall be governed accordingly; but if the pilot of the descending steamer deems it dangerous to take the side indicated by the ascending steamer, he shall immediately signify that fact by sounding the alarm or danger signal of four or more short and rapid blasts of the whistle, and it shall be the duty of the pilot of the ascending steamer to answer by a signal of four or more short and rapid blasts of the whistle, and the engines of both steamers shall be immediately stopped, and backed if necessary, until the signals for passing are given and answered. After sounding the alarm signal by both steamers, the pilot of the descending steamer shall indicate by his whistle the side on which he desires to pass, and the pilot of the ascending steamer shall govern himself accordingly, the descending steamer being entitled to the right-of-way.

Where possible, the signals for passing must be made, answered, and understood before the steamers have arrived at a distance of half a mile of each other.

Provided, however, That when a steamer on the Mississippi River is about to enter the Ohio River at the same time that a steamer on the Ohio River is about to enter the Mississippi River, at Cairo Point, the steamer on the Mississippi River shall give the first signal; but in no case shall pilots on steamers attempt to pass each other 1 Amended by Board of Supervising Inspectors and approved by Secretary of Commerce February 25, 1936.