and have shown themselves worthy of the blessings which it is the object of all our exertions to preserve.

"Gentlemen of the House of Commons; 'I have ordered the necessary estimates and accounts to be laid before you; and I am persuaded you will be ready to make such provision as the exigencies of the time may require. I feel too sensibly the repeated proofs which I have received of the affection of my subjects not to lament the necessity of any additional burthens.

"It is, however, a great consolation to me to observe the favourable state of the revenue, and the complete success of the measure which was last year adopted for removing the embarrassments affecting commercial credit.

"Great as must be the extent of our exertions, I trust you will be enabled to provide for them in such a manner as to any pressure which could be severely felt by my people.

avoid

"My Lords and Gentlemen;

<< In all your deliberations you will undoubtedly bear in mind the true grounds and origin of the war. An attack was made on us and on our allies, founded on principles which tend to destroy all property, to subvert the laws and religion of every civilized nation, and to introduce universally that wild and destructive system of rapine, anarchy, and impiety, the effects of which, as they have already been manifested in France, furnish a dreadful, but useful, lesson to the present age and to posterity.

"It only remains for us to persevere in our united exertions-their discontinuance or relaxation could hardly procure even a short interval of delusive repose, and could never terminate in security or peace.

"Impressed with the necessity of defending all that is most dear to us, and relying, as we may with confidence, on the valour and resources of the nation, on

the combined efforts of so large a part of Europe, and above all on the incontestible justice of our cause, let us render our conduct a contrast to that of our enemies, and by cultivating and practising the principles of humanity and the duties of religion, endeavour to merit the continuance of the divine favour and protection, which have been so eminently experienced by these kingdoms."

His majesty then withdrew.
+

Treaties and Conventions with Spain→→→ The Two Sicilies-Prussia-The Emperor -Portugal &c.]. The following Papers were presented to both Houses, by his Majesty's command:

TREATY between his Majesty and the king of Spain, signed at Aranjuez the 25th of May 1793.

Their Britannic and Catholic majesties having resolved, on consideration of the present circumstances of Europe, to substantiate their mutual confidence, friendship, and good correspondence by means of a provisional convention, in the interim of their entirely completing the solid system of alliance and commerce which they are so desirous of establishing between themselves and their respective subjects, have named and authorized for that purpose; viz. on the part of his Britannic majesty, the most illustrious and most excellent lord Alleyne baron St. Helen's, member of his said majesty's privy council, and his ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary his Catholic majesty, the most illustrious and to his Catholic majesty; and on the part of most excellent lord don Manuel de Godoy, and Alvarez, de Faria, Rios Sanchez Zarrosa, duke de la Alcudia, grandee of Spain of the first class, perpetual regidor of the city of Santiago, knight of the illustrious order of the golden fleece, and of the royal and distinguished Spanish order of Charles 3d, commander of Valencia del Ventoso, in that of Santiago, counsellor of state, first secretary of state and despactio, secretary to the queen, superintendant general of the ports and highways, gentleman of the king's chamber in employment, captain general of his armies, inspector and major of the royal corps of body guards; who, after having communicated to each other their full powers in due form, have agreed upon the following articles:

Art. I.-The two most serene kings will employ their utmost attention, and all the means which are in their power to re-establish the public tranquillity, and to maintain their common interests; and they promise and engage to act in perfect concert, and in the most intimate confidence for the accomplishment of those salutary ends.

Art. II. Their said majesties having perceived just grounds of jealousy and of uneasiness for the safety of their respective dominions, and for the maintenance of the general system of Europe, in the measures which have been for some time past adopted in France, they had already agreed to establish between them an intimate and entire concert, upon the means of opposing a sufficient barrier to those dangerous views of aggression and aggrandizement; and France, having deagainst his Britannic majesty as against his clared an unjust and aggressive war, as well Catholic majesty, their said majesties engage to make common cause in the said war. The said high contracting parties will mutually

concert together every thing that may be relative to the succours to be afforded by the one to the other, as also to the employment of their forces for their respective safety and defence, and for the good of the common

cause.

Art. III. In consequence of what is stipulated in the preceding article, and in order that the British and Spanish vessels may be mutually protected and succoured during the present war, as well in their navigation as in the ports of the two high contracting parties, their Britannic and Catholic majesties have agreed and agree, that their squadrons and ships of war shall convoy, without distinction, the trading vessels of the two nations in the same manner that each convoys its own, as far as circumstances may permit, and that both their ships of war and trading vessels shall be admitted into their respective ports and protected, and shall be furnished with the succours of which they may stand in need, at the current prices.

Art. ÏV.—Their said majesties engage reciprocally to shut their ports against French vessels: not to permit that there shall in any case, be exported from their ports for France either warlike or naval stores, or wheat or other grains, salted meat or other provisions; and to take every other measure in their power to distress the trade of France, and reduce her by that means to just conditions of peace.

Art. V.—Their said majesties also engage, the present war being generally interesting to every civilized state, to unite all their efforts in order to prevent those powers which do not take part in the said war from affording, in consequence of their neutrality, any protection, direct or indirect, on the seas or in the ports of France, to the commerce and property of the French.

Art. VI. Their Britannic and Catholic majesties promise reciprocally not to lay down their arms (unless it should be by common agreement) without having obtained the restitution of all the dominions, territories, cities, or places which may have belonged to either of them before the commencement of the war, and of which the enemy may have taken possession during the course of hostilities.

Art. VII. If either of the two high contracting parties should be attacked, molested, or disturbed in any of his dominions, rights, possessions, or interests, at whatever time or in whatever manner it might be, by sea or by land, in consequence and in hatred of the articles or stipulations contained in the present Treaty, or of the measures to be taken by the said high contracting parties in virtue of this Treaty, the other contracting party engages to succour and to make common cause with him, in the manner stipulated in the foregoing articles.

Art. VIII. The present treaty shall be ratified by both parties, and the exchange of the ratifications shall be made in the space of

six weeks, or sooner if it can be done.-Done at Aranjuez, the 25th day of May 1793. (L. S.) ST. HELENS.

(L. S.) EL DUQue de la Alcudia. CONVENTION between his Majesty and the King of the Two Sicilies, signed at Naples, the 12th of July 1793.

Their Britannic and Sicilian majesties, being convinced of the danger which threatens Europe, in consequence of the conduct of those who now exercise the powers of government in France, of the views which they have manifested, and of the principles which they strive to propagate in all parts, and the said persons having actually declared against his Britannic majesty, as well as against several other powers, an unjust and unprovoked war; their said majesties have judged proper to concert together upon the means of opposing a barrier to the dangers above-mentioned, and to provide for the future security and tranquillity of their dominions, as well as for the general interests of Europe.

Their majesties have therefore authorized their respective plenipotentiaries; to wit, his Britannic majesty, the most illustrious and most excellent lord William Hamilton, one of his majesty's privy council, knight of his order of the bath, and his envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to his said Sicilian majesty; and his Sicilian majesty, the most illustrious and most excellent lord John Acton, his councillor and secretary of state for the departments of foreign affairs, of war, of the marine, and of commerce, lieutenant-general of his armies, knight of his order of St. Januarius, and commander of the order of St. Stephen; the most illustrious and most excellent lord marquis Charles Demarco, his councillor and secretary of state for the department of the royal household, and knight of his order of St. Januarius; the most illustrious and most excellent lord Thomas de Somme, of the princes del Colle, marquis of Circello, his gentleman of the chamber, brigadier of his armies, and knight of his order of St. Januarius; who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, have agreed to the following articles:

Art. I.-Their Britannic and Sicilian majesties, from the motives above explained, will make common cause in the present war against France, and will concert together upon the military and naval operations, especially in the Mediterranean sea.

Art. II. The high contracting parties reciprocally guaranty to each other their dominions against the common enemy, and engage not to lay down their arms, unless by common consent, without having obtained the entire and full restitution of all places, towns, and territories which respectively belonged to them before the commencement of the present war, and which the enemy may have taken during the course of the war.

majesty shall observe a strict and exact neu→ trality during all its further duration.

Art. IV. His Britannic majesty shall keep a respectable fleet of ships of the line in the Mediterranean, as long as the danger of the Two Sicilies, and the operations which they shall undertake against the common enemy, shall require; and his said majesty engages to take such arrangements as shall be most proper for maintaining, either by his own forces, or in concert with the other maritime powers engaged in this war, a decided superiority in that sea, and to provide by this means for the security of his Sicilian majesty's dominions.

Art. V.-His Sicilian majesty will prohibit his subjects from all commerce with France, of what nature soever; and will not even permit the ships of other nations to export from the ports of the Two Sicilies to the ports of France, any sort of provisions, or military or naval stores.

Art. VI.-His Sicilian majesty promises to open the ports of the Two Sicilies without reserve or restriction to the English squadrons, and to furnish them with all the succour and provisions which they may be in want of at the current prices, and in the manner practised in similar cases. His said Sicilian majesty will shut his ports against all French vessels, whether merchantmen or ships of war.

Art. VII. The ships of war of his Britannic majesty which shall be employed in the Mediterranean to serve as convoy to the merchantmen belonging to the subjects of his said majesty, shall also take under their convoy the vessels of his Sicilian majesty which may have the same destination. A similar conduct shall be observed on the part of his Sicilian majesty; and to this end the necessary and proper orders shall be respectively given to those whom it may concern.

Art. VIII.-If, in the course of the events which may occur, his Sicilian majesty shall judge that he cannot any longer, with justice and dignity, continue the war, he declares, not only that he will not make peace without stipulating, that the above-mentioned condi

Art. IX. His Britannic majesty at the future peace, and at the congresses which may be held for that purpose, will give all requisite attention to the welfare and security of Italy, and especially to the dignity and in terests of the crown of the Two Sicilies, and to the procuring for his Sicilian majesty, at the peace, all due satisfaction and security.

Art. X. The present convention shall be ratified by the high contracting parties, and the ratifications thereof shall be exchanged in due form in the space of three months, or sooner if it can be done, to be computed from the day of the signature.-Done at Naples, the 12th of July, 1793.

(L. S.) WM. HAMILTON. JEAN ACTON.

(L. S.)

(L. S.)

MARQUIS CHARLES DEMARCO, (L. S.) LE MARQUIS DE CIRCELLO. CONVENTION between his Majesty and the King of Prussia, signed at the Camp before Mayence, the 14th of July, 1793. Their majesties the king of Great Britain and the king of Prussia, in consequence of the ties of friendship and of alliance by which they are now so happily united, and animated by the desire of establishing with each other a more direct and a more confidential communication upon every thing which relates to the unjust and cruel war which the persons who exercise the powers of government in France have commenced against several great powers in Europe, adopting towards others measures equally unjust and offensive, and conducting themselves towards them by principles incompatible with the security and the tranquillity of all independent states, and even with the existence of all social order; their said majesties have thought proper to concert together upon the means of opposing a sufficient barrier to the dangers which threaten all Europe in consequence of such principles, views, and conduct. Their majesties have therefore authorized their respective ministers plenipotentiary; to wit, his majesty the king of Great Britain, the earl of Beauchamp, one of his said majesty's privy coun cil; and his majesty the king of Prussia, the marquis Jerome de Lucchesini, his actual chamberlain, knight of the orders of the black eagle, and of the red eagle; who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, have agreed upon the following articles:

Art. I.-Their Britannic and Prussian majesties will exert all their endeavours to esta blish and maintain with each other the most perfect concert, and the most intimate confidance upon all the objects relative to the

present war; the two high contracting parties, seeing in the same point of view, the indispensable necessity of continuing their plans and operations for the accomplishment of the just and lawful object of a peace, in which all Europe may find tranquillity and security, will continue to employ their respective forces, as far as their circumstances will permit, in carrying on a war equally just and necessary.

Art. II. Their majesties the king of Great Britain, and the king of Prussia, reciprocally promise not to lay down their arms but by common consent, without having obtained restitution of all the conquests which France may have made upon either of the two high contracting parties, or upon such other of the powers, friends or allies of their said majesties, to whom they shall judge proper to extend this guaranty by common consent.

Art. III.-The high contracting parties having already taken the resolution to shut all their ports against French ships, and not to permit the exportation in any case from their said ports for France, of any military or naval stores, or corn, grain, salt meat, or other provisions; they reciprocally engage to continue those measures, and promise to employ all other means which shall be in their power for injuring the commerce of France, and for bringing her, by such means, to just conditions of peace.

Art. IV. Their majesties engage to unite all their efforts to prevent, on this occasion of common concern to every civilized state, other powers not implicated in this war, from giving, in consequence of their neutrality, any protection whatever, directly or indirectly, to the commerce or property of the French on the sea, or in the ports of France.

Art. V. Their Britannic and Prussian majesties engage to ratify the present convention; and the ratifications thereof shall be exchanged in the space of six weeks, or sooner if it can be done, to be computed from the day of the signature of the present convention.-Done at the camp before Mayence, the 14th of July, 1793.

of Starhemberg, count of the holy Roman empire, his actual chamberlain, and his envoy extraordinary, and minister plenipotentiary to his majesty the king of Great Britain; and his majesty the king of Great Britain, the most illustrious and most excellent lord William Wyndham, baron Grenville of Wotton, one of his majesty's most honourable privy-council, and his principal secretary of state for the department of foreign affairs; who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, have agreed upon the following articles:

Art. I.-There shall be, upon all points relative to the present war, the most perfect concert, and the most intimate confidence between the two high contracting parties; and they mutually engage to employ their forces, as far as circumstances shall permit, in the most efficacious manner, and to concert together upon all military operations, in order to annoy the enemy, and to contribute to the advantage of the common cause.

Art. II. Their said majesties reciprocally engage to shut their ports against French vessels, not to permit, in any instance, warlike or naval stores, corn, grain, salted meat, or other provisions, to be exported from their said ports for France, and to take all other means in their power to annoy the commerce of France, and thereby to reduce her to just conditions of peace.

Art. III.-Their majesties engage to unite all their efforts to prevent other powers, who shall not take part in this war, from giving, on this occasion of common interest to every civilized state, any protection whatever, direct or indirect, in consequence of their neutrality, to the commerce, or to the property of the French, at sea, or in the ports of France.

Art. IV. Their imperial and Britannic majesties reciprocally promise not to lay down their arms (unless by common consent) without having obtained the restitution of all the dominions, territories, towns, or places, which may have belonged to either of them before the commencement of the war, and which the enemy may have taken during the course of hostilities, or which may likewise have belonged to such of the powers, friends or allies of their said majesties, to whom they shall judge proper, by common consent, to extend this guaranty.

Art. V.-If either of the two high contracting parties should be attacked, molested, or disturbed in his dominions, rights, possessions, or interests, at any time or in any manner whatever, by land or by sea, in consequence and in hatred of the articles or stipulations contained in the present convention, or of the measures to be taken by the said high contracting parties in virtue of this convention, the other contracting party engages to assist him, and to make common cause with him in the manner stipulated in the preced