III. UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

FRENCH MEASURES OF LENGTH, WEIGHT, AND VOLUME

1 millimètre = To centimètre

Τ

= 1005 mètre.
1 centimètre = TOO
1mètre.

1 micromillimètre (1 μ) = 1ooo millimètre.
1 litre 1000 centimètres cubes (1000 c.c.).

=

Relation between Volume and Weight
1 c.c. 1 gramme.

1 milligramme = 1000 gramme.
1 kilogramme = 1000 grammes.

RELATIONS BETWEEN ENGLISH AND FRENCH MEASURES
Length. English to French

33

(To convert inches into centimètres multiply by 13.)

Length. French to English

1 centimètre

1 mètre

= 39.37079 inches.

1 micromillimètre = 0.00003937 inch.

(To convert centimètres into inches multiply by 33.)

Weight. English to French

1 gramme

French to English
= 15.432349 grains.

1 kilogramme=

2.2046213 pounds,

or about 35 ounces.

1 milligramme = 0.015432 grain.

Volume. English to French

1 cubic inch = 16·3861759 centimètres cubes.

1 fluid ounce == 28-3495

Measures of Surface

= about 1550 square inches,

or 10,000 square centimètres, or 10-75 square feet.

1 square mètre

1 square inch

1 square foot

about 6.45 square centimètres.

Approximate Solubilities in Water at 15° to 18° C. of some
Crystallised Salts in Frequent Use

Coefficient of expansion of gases, 23, or 0.00366 per 1° C.

or 3·1416r2.

597

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The chief Periodical Literature of the last half-century is contained in -

The Journal of Physiology (Foster), from 1878.

Journal of Anatomy and Physiology (Humphry, Turner, and M'Kendrick), from 1868.

Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society.

Archiv für Anatomie und Physiologie (Müller, 1834 to 1858, Du Bois-Reymond from 1859). (Index in 1847, from 1834.)

Ludwig's Arbeiten, Leipzig, from 1866 to 1877 (continued from 1877 in Du BoisReymond's Archiv).

Archiv für die gesammte Physiologie (Pflüger), from 1868. (Index in vol. xxx., 1883.)

Zeitschrift für Biologie (Kühne u. Voit), from 1865.

Physiologisches Centralblatt (Exner u. Gad), from 1887.

Archiv für path. Anat. und Physiologie (Virchow), (Index in 1885), from 1847.
Archiv für exp. Pathol. und Pharmacie (Naunyn u. Schmiedeberg), from 1873.
Zeitschrift für Physiol. Chemie (Hoppe-Seyler), from 1877.

Journal de Physiol. Expérimentale (Magendie), from 1821 to 1831.
Journal de la Physiologie (Brown-Séquard), from 1858 to 1863.

Archives de Physiologie (Brown-Séquard), (Index in 1883), from 1868.

Journal de l'Anat. et de la Physiol. (Robin, Pouchet), from 1864.

Comptes Rendus de l'Acad. des Sciences, from 1835.
Comptes Rendus de la Société de Biologie, from 1850.

Sitzungsberichte d. Acad. d. Wissenschaften, Berlin, from 1836.
Wien, from 1848.

Archives Néerlandaises, from 1866.

Archives Italiennes, from 1882.

Skandinavisches Archiv für Physiologie (Holmgren), from 1889.

And for General References or Abstracts-

Schmidt's Jahrbücher (from 1834); Canstadt's Jahresbericht; Hoffmann und Schwalbe's Jahresbericht (from 1873; Index in 1886); Maly's Jahresbericht (for physiological chemistry); Hayem, Revue des Sciences Médicales.

I. GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY. PROTOPLASM

Bernard, Claude, Physiologie générale, Paris, 1872,

Phénomènes de la Vie, Paris, 1878-9.

Bichat, Recherches sur la Vie et la Mort, 1805.
Darwin, Origin of Species, 1859.

Engelmann, Protoplasm and oxygen, Pflüger's Archiv, vols. ii. xxv. xxvi., 1869-81. Helmholtz, Conservation of energy, Ueber die Erhaltung der Kraft, Berlin, 1847; reprint in Ostwald's Klassiker d. exacten Wissenschaften, 1889.

Hering, Zur Theorie der Vorgänge in der lebendigen Substanz, Prag, 1888.
Kühne, Protoplasma u. Contractilität, Leipzig, 1864.

Lavoisier, Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris, 1787-89.

Liebig, Die organ. Chemie, i. Physiol. u. Pathol., 1842.

Loew u. Bokorny, Die chem. Kraftquelle im lebend. Protoplasma, Munich, 1882. Mayer, Conservation of energy, Die organische Bewegung und Stoffwechsel, Heilbronn, 1845.

Mulder, The Chemistry of Veget. and Animal Physiol. (Transl.), 1849.

Paget, Surgical Pathology, 1st edit. 1853; 3rd edit. 1870.

Pflüger, Physiological combustion, Cyanogen theory, Pflüger's Archiv, vol. x., 1875. Schleiden, Vegetable cells, Phytogenesis (Syd. Soc. Trans.), 1839.

Schwann, Animal cells, Microsc. Untersuchungen, 1839.

Treviranus, Die Erscheinungen und Gesetze des organischen Lebens, Bremen, 1831. Virchow, Die Cellularpathologie, 1858.

Weissmann, Die Continuität des Keimplasmas, Jena, 1885, Transl. by Poulton, Schönland, and Shipley, Oxford, 1889.

II. BLOOD

Arthus et Pagès, Calcium coagulation, Arch. de Physiol., 1890.

Balogh, K., Emigration, Virchow's Archiv, 1868.

Binz, Quinine and leucocytes, ibid., 1864; Du Bois-Reymond's Arch., 1885; Das Wesen der Chininwirkung, Berlin, 1875.

Bizzozero, Handb. d. klin. Microscopie, Erlangen, 1887.

Brücke, Zooid and œcoid, Wien. Sitzungsberichte, 1867.

Buchanan, Coagulation, Lond. Med. Gaz. 1831, 1845; J. of Physiol. (repr.), 1879. Cohnheim, Emigration, Virchow's Archiv, 1867.

Denis, Plasmine, &c., Rech. Exp. sur le Sang, Paris, 1830; Mémoire sur le Sang, Paris, 1838.

Dickinson, Leech albumose, J. of Phys., vol. xi., 1890.

Ehrlich, Farbenanalytische Untersuchungen zur Histologie des Blutes, Berlin, 1891.

Fano, Peptones, Du Bois-Reymond's Archiv, 1881.

Funke, Hæmoglobin crystals, Zeitschr. f. rat. Med., Atlas, 1852.

Gowers, Hæmacytometer, Lancet, 1877.

Gulliver, Size of blood-corpuscles, Gerber's General Anatomy, London, 1842.
Halliburton, Serum proteids, J. of Phys., vol. v., 1884.

Fibrin ferment, ibid., vol. ix., 1888.

Hammarsten, Serum proteids, Pflüger's Arch., vols. xvii. xix. xxii. xxiv., 1877– 1881.

Haycraft, Leech extract, J. of Phys., vol. v., 1884.

Hayem, Blood-corpuscles, Comptes Rendus, Ac. d. Sc., 1877 ; Du Sang, Paris, 1890. Heidenhain, Lymph secretion, Pflüger's Archiv, vol. xlix., 1891.

Hewson, Corpuscles, Jugular vein coagulation, Phil. Trans. R. S., 1770; Exper. Inquiries (reprinted), London, 1877.

Hoppe-Seyler, Hb and derivatives, Centralbl. f. med. Wiss., 1864, 1865.

Hüfner, Spectroscope, J. f. pract. Chemie, 1877.

Jones, S.G. of blood, J. of Phys., vol. viii., 1887.

Leeuwenhoek, Blood-corpuscles, Phil. Trans. R. S., 1675. Works transl. by

Hoole, London, 1807.

Lister, Jugular vein experiment, Phil. Trans. R. S., 1863.