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LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1893.

CONTENTS.-N° 59.
NOTES:-"Salzbery" and "Sombreset" in 1502, 101-Shak-

speariana, 102-Accurate Language, 101-King and Queen
of Sandwich Islands-Silver in Bells-Sir F. Chantrey-
Wm. Lovegrove, 105-"Brummagem"-Beverley Sanc-
tuary-Motto-Rodger's-blast -Errata-Historical MSS.,
106-Divining Rod God save the Queen"-Verbosity-

Cowper's Castaway,' 107.

Palace-Herse Cloths-Oboe Heraldic-B. Bradford

wick, which were forfeited to the Crown by the attainder of Edward, the son of Lady Isabel, were in 1513, by royal letters patent, restored to Margaret, his sister, at the same time as she was officially acknowledged as Countess of Salisbury, and consequently the mysterious "doyen's " lands must by that date have fallen to the Crown again. The author of our MS. records that when Madame Anne met the various foreign ambassadors at the wedding she made inquiries after her kinsfolk, her English connexion among the rest. This induced me to look up her pedigree, and, having nothing more trustworthy at hand, I consulted De

QUERIES: St. Grasinus-"Oasts," 107 - Buckingham Glass Eyes-Foreign Parodies-Print of Pitt-Peninsular Medal, 108-John of Gaunt-Pentelow-Dover Slave Market-" Lucy of Leinster "-Mathew-St. Clair-Reference in Pope-One hearth hen"-Words in Smart's Song to David''The Christian Year,' 109-Irish Currency-Turk Island-Mount Alvernus, 110. REPLIES: Trissino Type""The Triple Plea," 110-la Chenaye-Desbois et Badier's 'Dictionnaire de la Letters of Junius, 111-Preposition followed by a Clause, Noblesse' (Paris, 1866), wherein I found the state112-Walnuts-Catherine Macaulay-Fair-Light-com- ment that Madame Anne was a daughter of Gaston plexioned-Taking the Wall-Angelica Catalani-Siege of Bunratty-Roman Bishop's Oath-Gaelic, 113-Pargiter, de Foix, the second of that name, Baron de Doazit Dering, and Ferries-Salisbury Missal-Cusack and Lut- and Comte de Candale, and of Catherine, Infanta trell Epigrams-" To threep" - Châlet-" Arbatel"-St. Cuthbert, 114-Early Hours for Hunting-Royal Scots of Navarre, and that she was grand-daughter on Greys "Zolaesque Translators = Cobblers - Aldine her father's side of Margaret de la Pole, daughter 'Swift,' 115- Paganini's Physic- - Pie: Tart Ambrose of Richard, Duke of Suffolk. This statement is, Gwinett-Reeds-Sir S. Hartstonge-Water Mill-Mediæval Diptychs of the Decalogue, 116-Tooth-brushes- of course, absurd on the face of it. There was Painting of Elaine'-"To bone"-Col. Charters-Church only one individual in history known as Richard Brasses-Lee's Alexander the Great'-Morant's History of Essex,' 117-Furye-'The Mayor of Wigan-Picture of de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, and he only bore the the Holy Trinity Cæsar's Sword-Evan-"The last title by courtesy. This was the hero of Pavia, the peppercorn." &c. 118. NOTES ON BOOKS:-Dobson's Eighteenth Century Vig-brother of Edmund, the duke decapitated in 1513. nettes--Allen's Science in Arcady-Furnivall's Brown- Richard died in 1525 on the battlefield, and could ing's Prose Life of Strafford-Sweet's 'Short Historical not have been the great-grandfather of a young English Grammar.' lady married in 1502.

Notes.

"SALZBERY" AND "SOMBRESET" IN 1502.

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Madame Anne de Foix was married to Vladislaus II., King of Hungary, Bohemia, and Poland, on Sept. 29, 1502, at Alba Regale, in Hungary. A detailed description of the wedding festivities, written by a gentleman of her suite, has been preserved in a MS. of the Paris National Library. Among the names of the guests present at the wedding occur repeatedly those of "Salzbery and of "Sombreset." The former is described as "le doyen de Salzbery, ambassadeur du Roy d'Angleterre," the latter as Sombreset, hérault du Roy d'Angleterre"; but is also referred to briefly as "Sombreset." Who were these two individuals? I may be allowed to remind the reader that Edward Plantagenet, the son of George Plantagenet, the brother of King Edward IV., succeeded to the earldom of Salisbury, jure matris, on the death of Lady Isabel Neville, in 1476, and was beheaded in 1499; and that his sister Margaret was not advanced to the dignity of Countess of Salisbury till 1513. The other Edward Plantagenet, the son of Richard III., was, according to Doyle's 'Official Baronage,' created Earl of Salisbury in 1477 (see the title 'Salisbury'), or in 1478 (see the title 'Cornwall'), and died in 1485. But who was the "doyen de Salzbery" in 1502? The castles, manors, and lands of Richard, late Earl of War

Madame Anne de Foix was the same young lady about whom the English ambassadors at the Court of the Emperor Maximilian I. wrote to Henry VII. in February, 1503. They were told by the Emperor that the King of Hungary was going to wed a lady out of France, and that he understood,

"she was an Englishe woman, called the lord Kendales doughter, whose landes be supposed to lye in England. And we aunsuerd that she was none Englishe_woman, nor yet that her fadre had any landes within England, but that as we supposed, his auntecestry come out of England at the tyme of the subdueng of Fraunce."Letters......illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III. and Henry VII.,' ed. by Jas. Gairdner, vol. i. pp. 207, 208.

The confusion of the "lord of Kendale's" name with that of the Count of Candale is easily explained, but it seems odd that in February, 1503, the emperor should not have heard yet of the wedding, as several of the German electors were represented at the ceremony. The MS. is very much mutilated, but it is correctly placed by the editor under the year 1503. Whenever the day of the week is mentioned in connexion with a date it is always in accordance with the dominical letter of that year.

Though the editors of the French dictionary quoted above have, according to the happy-go-lucky fashion of their countrymen, hopelessly entangled Madame Anne's pedigree, and in consequence we do not know yet her exact relationship, it seems

taunts:

Her.

Lysander, whereto tends all this?
Lys. Away, you Ethiope!
Her.

probable that she was in some way related to the no, he'll kill you," or some such thing? Then De la Poles. It was no doubt owing to these before she finishes Demetrius interrupts with his family ties that we find the "White Rose," Richard de la Pole, seeking refuge at the Hungarian Court a few years after the nuptials. He arrived at the Hungarian capital about the date of the queen's death, in the autumn of 1506 ('Calendar of Venetian State Papers,' sub anno), and remained there for some months, as he dates a letter from Buda on April 14, 1507 ('Letters...... Henry VII.,' quoted before, vol. i.).

We find more information about the English ambassador who had been to Hungary in 1502 in the 'Sanuto Diaries.' According to this authority he arrived at Venice on Dec. 5, 1502, on his way home to England, and lodged at the "White Lion"; had audience given to him by the College on Dec. 8, on which occasion he spoke of the love that existed between his king and the signory. According to the diarist, the ambassador was a doctor and priest ('Venetian Calendar' under date). But on the other hand, perhaps Sanuto was mistaken about the position of this Englishman, and it is not impossible that he was only a gentleman of the ambassador's suite.

No, no; he 'll— Dem. Seem to break loose; take on as you would follow.

V. i. 59.

That is hot ice, and wondrous strange snow.
There have been so many conjectures here that
one more will do no harm, though perhaps it has
been made already. The proper antithesis could
be secured by reading flaming, which follows the
run of the letters closely enough to make it not an
improbable reading. The idea would be not of
snow flaming on the ground, but of snow falling in
flakes, as in canto xiv. of the 'Inferno' (Cary's
translation) :—

O'er all the sand fell slowly wafting down
Dilated flakes of fire, as flakes of snow

On Alpine summit, when the wind is hushed.
In 'Measure for Measure' and elsewhere there
are images common to Dante and Shakespeare. It
is very probable that the text is incorrect, for
Shakespeare never uses wondrous as a trisyllable in
his other plays.

Fire is used as an antithesis to snow in 'Merchant of Venice,' III. ii. 31, and 'Two Gentlemen of Verona,' II. vii. 19, and there is a somewhat similar one in Lyly's 'Euphues and his England' (Arber ed., p. 311):—

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G. JOICEY.

With regard to "Sombreset," there seems to be no doubt that he was "Somerset Herald." We find this official very busy in the autumn of 1501 in England, at the festivities in connexion with the reception of Katherine of Aragon, then the bride selected for Arthur, Prince of Wales. But he had ample time to get to Alba Regale and be present at the wedding of Madame Anne. On the other "What straunge fits be these, Philautus, yat burne thee hand, it is not impossible that "Sombreset" was with such a heate, yat thou shakest for cold, and all thy Sir Charles Somerset, Knight, who on another body in a shivering sweat, in a flaming yce, melteth like occasion represented Henry VII. in the pour-wax and hardeneth like the adamant?" parlers with the delegates of the King of the Romans, his colleague being William Warham, Master of the Rolls, and later Archbishop of Canterbury. One thing, however, is certain, namely, that "Sombreset" was not a Duke of Somerset, as the author of the MS. does not give him that title, and to our knowledge the dignity was not conferred upon any one during the period which elapsed between the death (in June, 1500) of Edmund Tudor, third son of Henry VII., and the conferring of the title (in June, 1525) on Henry Fitz-Roy, the natural son of that model husband Henry VIII. L. L. K.

SHAKSPEARIANA. 'MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM,' III. ii. 256-8. No, no; heele

Seem to break loose.

This is the reading of Q. 1; Q. 2 has it all in one line. I do not know whether it has been proposed to emend the passage by giving the hemistich to Hermia. It seems probable that she would make some reply to Lysander; and in her fear what is more likely than that she would exclaim, "No,

'TIMON OF ATHENS,' III. iv. 112.-Can the mysterious word Vllorca be a misreading of the manuscript Villaines? The and before Sempronius shows that it cannot be a proper name; but the compositor finding an indistinctly written word may have taken it to be one and deciphered it as well as he could. Villains follows the run of the letters and accords with the distracted state of Timon's mind :

Lucius, Lucullus, and Sempronius-villains !-all:
I'll once more feast the rascals.
SONNET CXXVI.—

G. JOICEY.

O thou, my lovely boy, who in thy power Dost hold Time's fickle glass, his sickle hour. The last two words have proved a source of trouble to all readers of the sonnets, and numerous conjectural readings have been made.

1. The Quarto reads "sickle, hower." 2. Lintott has "fickle hower" (1709). 3. Richard Grant White says it is "a most remarkable instance of inversion for Dost hold Time's fickle hour-glass, his sickle.'”

4. William Sidney Walker suggests "sicklehour," the hour being "represented poetically as a sickle." Hudson agrees with this reading in the Harvard edition.

5. J. Crosby reads "fickle hour. The boy simply held Time's fickle glass while it ran its fickle hourly course. 'Dost hold' dost hold in hand, in check, 'in thy power'; and 'fickle hour' =Time's course, that is subject to mutation and vicissitude." Rolfe thinks this the best solution.

6. Clark and Wright, in the Cambridge edition, note that "Capell, in his copy of Lintott's edition, bas correctedhower' to 'hoar,' leaving' fickle.' Doubtless he intended to read 'sickle hoar.'"

Two suggestions are made by the present writer, each of which comes within the range of probability :

(a) Dost hold Time's fickle glass, his tickle hour. Tickle was used by Shakespeare, Spenser, Watson, Lyly, and other Elizabethans as an adjective signifying uncertain or slippery, and in this sense could certainly apply to the hour as it slipped through the hour-glass. I will quote but once, from Spenser:O weary life! that does lean

On thing so tickle as the unsteady air.

(b) Dost hold Time's fickle glass, his sickle lower. This amendment I confess to prefer. The whole sentence then reads:

O thou, my lovely boy, who in thy power

Dost hold Time's fickle glass, his sickle lower;
Who hast by waning grown, &c.

The lowering of the sickle is another instance in imagery of the boy's power. He holds (or stops) Time's fickle glass, and lowers (or prevents injury from) Time's sickle. E. B. BROWNLOW.

Montreal, Canada.

'ROMEO,' III. v. 177 sqq.—

God's bread! it makes me mad:

Day, night, hour, tide, time, work, play,
Alone, in company. still my care hath been
To have her match'd.

The three words "hour, tide, time" are not in antithetic relation either to each other or to the context, and do not enlarge the sense. The line in which they stand is metrically incomplete, as also is the preceding line. Who will object to the excision of the three superfluous words, and the amalgamation of the first with the remnant of the second line ?—

For "chair" read hair. The tomb is here considered in its memorial character, i. e., as a monument to departed greatness, which it made "evident" oftentimes by means of long laudatory inscriptions. The custom of keeping hair as a memorial is witnessed to in Antony's funeral oration for Caesar, when he says that if the people knew the provisions of Caesar's will they would, among other acts of reverence,

beg a hair of him for memory,
And, dying, mention it within their wills,
Bequeathing it, as a rich legacy,
Unto their issue.

105, Albany Road, Camberwell, S.E.

'RICHARD III.' V. iv. 7.—

F. ADAMS.

A horse! a horse! my kingdom for a horse! Has it ever struck any student that the last five words of this line do not constitute an offer, a bid, the surrender of the speaker's right to the throne for the momentary possession of a charger? Taken in the usually accepted sense, the exclamation would mean the denuding the tenderer of that for which he was fighting in return for the means of wreaking a present vengeance upon his opponent. This may be the meaning of the dramatist. That Richard did glut himself with revenge on the followers of his rival and perish in so gratifying his desire there is no doubt. On the other hand, there seems something anomalous in regarding the expression as bidding a price: "I am struggling for the possession of a kingdom. I will give up that realm-all my rights to it-in exchange for a quadruped worth not a millionth part of that for the retention of which I am in arms, if I can secure a mount at this instant moment"! Regarded in that light, Catesby, according to his royal master's pledge, accepting the bargain—the follower who at once helps the leader to a steed-becomes entitled, in return, to the regal crown. Is not this absurd? Is it not more reasonable to regard the words "My kingdom for a horse!" not as an offer, but as an ejaculation of, if I may say so, sarcastically cynical despair? We most of us are familiar with the proverbial proposition negativing, in a sense, the doctrine de minimis-"For want of a nail the shoe was lost; for want of a shoe the horse was lost; for want of a horse the rider was lost; for want of a rider [carrying despatches implied] the battle was lost; for want of the battle [gaining the battle, a

God's bread! it makes me mad. Day, night, work, play, victory] the kingdom was lost." I read the phrase

Alone, in company, &c.

105, Albany Road, Camberwell, S.E. 'CORIOLANUS,' IV. vii. 52.—

F. ADAMS.

So our virtues

Lie in the interpretation of the time:
And power, unto itself most commendable,
Hath not a tomb so evident as a chair
To extol what it hath done.

"My kingdom for a horse!" as a bitter reflection, ironically expressed, which may be thus colloquially paraphrased: "The pity of it!' Only to think; here am I about to lose a realm for the want of such a paltry, such an insignificant, and yet such an indispensable instrument for achieving a victory as an ordinary horse! Fancy losing my kingdom for a horse!'" I throw

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out the suggestion for what it may be worth.
Possibly I have been anticipated in this reading.
NEMO.
Temple.

ACCURATE LANGUAGE.

It is gratifying to the cause of progress to read the sensible remarks of your correspondents (p. 533 of the last volume) on the use of scientific terms in ordinary speech. I wish it could be impressed on people generally always to use our noble language so as to convey a true meaning instead of a false one, as is sometimes the case. For example, I meet an acquaintance who informs me that it is a "nice day," hopes I shall have a "nice walk," and thanks me for the "nice book" that I lent him. I inquire whether he had read it; he says, "No, but my sister has." On my remarking that it is a stiff book for a young lady, he replies, "But she is so awfully clever!" A young gentleman, fresh from the university, where he was supposed to have completed his education, called upon me to thank me for some trifling service I had rendered him; but he did not do so in good, sensible English, but in the usual slang: it was "awfully good" of me, &c. Working-men also hunt to death a single epithet of a sanguinary nature, which, like the other two, tends to impart a universal meaning to words of limited capacity. The origin of this slovenly use of our language, whether in speaking or writing, and the lack of good reading, I propose to consider on some future occasion. My present purpose is to suggest a lesson, and a good example to follow, from scientific practice.

The one sole object of science is the discovery of truth. By science I do not mean the steam-engine, the electric light, or the telephone, &c., by which money can be made; they and such like belong to applied science. The object of science, as MR. WELCH well puts it, is to discover the truth as it is in nature, and to educate the people up to this standard. If we look back upon the progress of science, it will be found that just in proportion as scientific knowledge advanced, the language that expressed it became improved-a result which ought to apply to the language of every-day life, but unfortunately does not, seeing that we have engrafted into our every-day speech much of the terminology of a comparatively ignorant age. But it is sometimes asked whether, if the science of the past required to be corrected by the light of the present, the science of the present may not equally require correction by the light of the future? This question has been put to me from time to time by good people who, alarmed at certain results of modern Biblical criticism, argued that if science has been proved to be wrong, criticism may sometimes also be fallible.

I am the more unwilling to attempt an answer to the latter part of this objection, seeing how diffi

cult it is to reply to the former, especially when the
objector knows nothing of science or its methods.
But the point I have in view is to show that as
our knowledge of nature increases, the language
that expresses it becomes more accurate and exact,
nor can it be said that our modern science is likely
to require much revision from future science.
Modern science is furnished with newer tools,
better tests and modes of research, and more
cogent methods of proof than belonged to the scien-
What men said and wrote
tists of the past.
about lightning, for example, was sure to be faulty
previous to Franklin's kite experiment; and what
men said about the ignis fatuus was mere guess-
work before Priestley's discovery of gases, so that
other low-lying meteors were confounded with it
so long as the knowledge of their origin remained
unknown. But when such phenomena were fairly
traced to their origin, generalized, and accounted
for, they became admitted facts; and a fact in
science once established is immortal, notwith-
standing the changes that scientific theory may
undergo.

It will be sufficient, in order to illustrate my main position, to trace a portion of the history of a well-known article in every-day use. In my young days common table salt was named muriate of soda; that is, a chemical union of muriatic acid and the alkali soda. But Sir Humphry Davy discovered the wonderful fact that soda is the oxide of a light metal which takes fire on contact with water, and that this metal sodium alone-not sodium and oxygen-is to be found in common salt. He further discovered that muriatic acid is a compound of hydrogen and chlorine (and hence renamed hydrochloric acid), and that there is no hydrogen in common salt. Hence that compound could no longer be known as muriate of soda, but only as chloride of sodium, which has ever since been recognized as its true name and must so continue. But the story does not end here. Chlorine was a new term proposed by Davy, on the ground that it is a simple elementary gas of a green colour (from the Greek xwpòs, green)-a term involving no theory. It had been recognized by chemists as a compound bearing the unwieldy name of oxygenated muriatic acid gas-a term which did involve a theory. Davy's views were opposed by several chemists, who, however, gradually yielded to them. The last to yield was Prof. Hope, of Edinburgh. He brought forward what he regarded as a triumphant proof that the so-called elementary body chlorine was a compound containing oxygen. Now the most delicate test of the presence of oxygen is a gas known as nitric oxide If the smallest trace of oxygen be brought into contact with it, red fumes are produced. Hope found that chlorine mixed with nitric oxide produced red fumes, and therefore chlorine must be a compound containing oxygen. Davy, however, pointed out

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