GLADSTONE BIBLIOGRAPHY (8th S. ii. 461, 501; iii. 1, 41, 135, 214, 329).-I have in my possession Lord Houghton's copy of the Quarterly Review for July, 1876, with the names of the authors of several of the articles added in his handwriting.

Mr. Gladstone is credited with the review of Trevelyan's 'Life of Macaulay,' which extends over the first fifty pages; Dr. Smith, the editor, writes on John Wilson Croker'; Mr. Abraham Hayward on Ticknor's Memoirs'; Lord Bury on 'Modern Philosophers on the Probable Age of the World'; and Lord Houghton himself on the 'Social Relations of England and America' and 'The Cost of the Navy.'

DE V. PAYEN-PAYNE.

The following might be added to the list :— "Musæ Etonenses. Tomus ii. edidit Ricardus Okes, S.T.P. Coll. Regal. apud Cantabrigienses Præpositus. MDCCCLXIX. Two copies of Latin verses signed Gladstone: one in hexameters of 44 lines, A.D. 1827, numbered xxxvii., and another in Latin elegiacs of 48 lines, numbered xxxix., A.D. 1827. The allusion in the latter seems to be to the great statesman George Canning, Mr. Gladstone's early friend, whose lamented death occurred in that year, educated, like him, at Eton and a Student of Christ Church."

JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. TOWN (8th S. iii. 264).-My long acquaintance with Arnold's Thucydides brings to my recollection a passage in Appendix iii. of vol. i. p. 652, which I think will help to show the proper use of town as the translation of dypós, not of Kuun, and that in this instance the Revisers were quite right, which, considering that Dean Scott was among them to advise them as to their Greek, it was probable that they would be. The word in St. Matthew x. 11 is kúμn, which means a village," not dypós, which represents the A.-S. "tún"; so the passage from Bishop Stubbs will not apply in an argument against their translation in the sense which is cited by MR. PEACOCK.

Arnold writes, in speaking of the Attic nuos, "The origin of the word ouos is apparently the same with that of our English word town, and the earliest significations of the two words seem also to have been identical. Añμos is derived by the Greek etymologists from dew, and signifies an 'enclosure' or close,' a tract of land marked off from the waste, and enclosed for human cultivation and dwelling. town is, with great probability, derived by Horne Tooke from tynan, an Anglo-Saxon verb signifying to enclose; and toune, or toun, in Wickliffe's Bible is used as the translation of ȧypós, an enclosed and

So

cultivated space of country. Thus in St. Luke xiv. 18 where our present translation reads, I have bought a piece of ground,' Wicklifi renders it, I have bougt a town'; and again, St. Luke xv. 15, the sense of our modern version, he sent him into his fields to feed swine,' is expressed by, 'he sente him in to his tour that he shulde fede hoggis.' Still more strikingly, St. Luke viii. 34, ἐἰς τὴν πόλιν καὶ εἰς τοὺς ἀγρούς, is translated, 'in to the citee and in tounes.' Such also is the meaning of duos, when Homer speaks of Bowrai pála πiova dñμov ExoνTES ('Iliad,' v. 710), and when it is used as a term of contradistinction to πόλις—ποληΐ τε παντί τε δήμῳ (‘Iliad, iii. 50), ‘to the city and all the country.'

From Tyndale's version to the Rhemish at St. Luke xiv. 18, and from Cranmer's to the Rhemish at St. Luke xiv. 15, it is ferme or farme, which also implies appropriation from the fixed rent. The versions which translate kúμn as towne obliterate the distinction between it and dypós.

It is not without interest to compare the similarity of formation in respect of these terms in ancient Greece and in Anglo-Saxon use. It shows a like process in civilization from the earlier waste, common land, to the cultivated enclosure. The completion of this process in England in a proper manner was ensured on the appointment of the Inclosure Commission in 1845 by 8 & 9 Vict. cap. 118.

As Arnold's version of Wickliffe's translation is not the same as that of the Wycliffe and Purvey, A.D. 1380-1388, I subjoin this from the Oxf. Cl. Pr. New Testament, 1879: "Y have bout a toun" (St. Luke xiv. 18); "He sente hym in to his toun, to fede swyn " (St. Luke xv. 15); "In to the cite, and in to the townes" (St. Luke viii. 34).

ED. MARSHALL. SeeWaverley,' chap. ix. ad fin.; also the first line of William Miller's little poem, 'Wee Willie Winkie.' JONATHAN BOUCHIER.

SHAKSPEARIAN RELICS (8th S. iii. 346).—These "relics," recently removed from Stratford to Northampton by a bequest to Mr. T. Hornby, of Kingsthorpe, are referred to by the late Mr. R. B. Wheler, the historian of Stratford-on-Avon, in the following extracts from his MS. notes, bequeathed by his sister, with many other invaluable records, to the birthplace of Shakespeare, where they are carefully preserved. Mr. Wheler added many MS. notes to his book the Historical and Descriptive Account of the Birthplace of Shakespeare (1824), and many of his remarks on Mrs. Mary Hornby are too severe to be published. The following extracts are, however, historic and ab30lutely trustworthy :

except in reprobation. It is well known there does not "As to the Relics they scarcely deserve a word, exist a single article belonging to Shakespeare."

"I am not aware, nor do I believe, that the Prince Regent (his present Majesty Geo. IV.), the Duke of

Wellington or any of the Orleans party, ever visited the Birth Place, Fictitious names are abundantly inserted in that and all the other Albums, and Mrs. Hornby who endeavoured to impose on all was in this respect imposed on by others."

ESTE.

CHARLES CHEYNE, VISCOUNT NEWHAVEN (7th S. x. 441, 496; xi. 11, 134; 8th S. ii. 428).-In a note to Thomas Burton's 'Parliamentary Diary,' edited by John Torvill Rutt (vol. iii. pp. 323, 324), is the subjoined :

"The following letter, addressed by Bishop Compton, in virtue of the alliance between Church and State,' to the Dutchess of Albemarle, at New Hall, in Essex,' I copied from the original in the British Museum :Sept. 25. Madam,

I am an humble petitioner to you, that when the election of Harwich is decided, you would give my Lord Cheyne leave to take the borough in Cornwall, for his option, and that you would give me leave to recommend another person to your favour.

Were it upon my own account, I should be ashamed to ask this: but it is for the Government and Church's sake that I beg it; for the person I would have in, it will be of very great and important use to serve both and therefore I am sure you will pardon the importunity. Madam, your Grace's

most obedient and obliged servant,
H. LONDON.

'Bibl. Sloan.' (Ayscough, 4052). "This interference of a Lord Spiritual, calculated to render the Lower House more a representation of the Lords than the Commons,' might serve to expose, if they were not already so well understood, the good times of William III. The letter was, most probably, written in 1695, when Viscount Cheyne was chosen one of the members for Newport, Cornwall, which borough he had waved in 1690, and sat for Harwich."

I should be glad if any of your readers could throw some light upon this transaction, for I am unable to trace any possession of interest at Newport by the Duchess of Albemarle.

Regarding Lord Cheyne, there may be added the following extract from the Post Boy, July 9-11,

1698:

"Some days since the Lord [Cheney] departed this Life; he is succeeded in Honour and Estate by the Honourable William Cheyne, his Eldest Son."

In the same journal for the ensuing 28th of the month is to be found the record of the second Lord Cheney's election for Bucks.

ALFRED F. ROBBINS.

CHAUCER'S " "STILBON (8th S. iii. 126, 249, 293, 432).—I am asked from what edition I quote the Pardoner's Tale,' Group C, 1. 603. The edition referred to is entitled 'Chaucer, the Tale of the Man of Lawe, the Pardoner's Tale,' &c., edited by myself, and published by the Clarendon Press in 1877, 1879, 1887, and 1889. Of course, I follow the notation used in the famous "Sixtext" of the Chaucer Society. In Tyrwhitt, the line is 1. 12537; in Wright, it is 1. 14018; but both Tyrwhitt and Wright give the Tales in the

BLACKWATER (8th S. iii. 328).—

"Abhainn mór, great river, is the name of many rivers in Ireland, now generally called Avonmore or Owenmore; this was, and is still, the Irish name of the Blackwater in Cork (often called Broadwater by early Anglo-Irish writers), and also of the Blackwater in Ulster, flowing into Lough Neagh by Charlemont."

The foregoing extract from Dr. Joyce's exceedingly interesting work 'Irish Names of Places' goes to show that the river Blackwater in co. Cork is not named after the river Blackwater in Essex. W. W. DAVIES.

Glenmore, Lisburn, Ireland,

ERASMUS LLOYD (8th S. iii. 309).-There was an Erasmus Lloyd of considerable property in South Wales in the early part of the eighteenth century. I do not know when he died. His granddaughter married James Lloyd, of Foesy bleiddiad, about 1750, and took the Mabws estate into that family, which still holds it. Erasmus Lloyd was of the tribe of Elystan. THOS. WILLIAMS.

Aston Clinton.

"CURSE OF SCOTLAND" (8th S. iii. 367, 398, 416).—The remarks made by your correspondent at the last reference may be supplemented by the following passage from Facts and Speculations on Playing Cards,' by W. A. Chatto, 1848, p. 267:

"This card, however, appears to have been known in the North as the Curse of Scotland' many years before the battle of Culloden; for Dr. Houstoun, speaking of the state of parties in Scotland shortly after the rebellion of 1715, says that the Lord Justice-Clerk Ormistone, who had been very zealous in suppressing the rebellion, and oppressing the rebels, became universally hated in Scotland, where they called him the Curse of Scotland; and when the ladies were at cards Curse of Scotland). they called it the Justice Clerk' playing the Nine of Diamonds (commonly called the (Dr. Houstoun s' Memoirs of his own Lifetime,' p. 92, edit. 1747)."

F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

In the Scottish Review, January, 1886, article 'The Scottish Peerage,' p. 24, foot-note, I find :"It would appear that the name of the Curse of Scotland' given to the nine of diamonds in a pack of playing cards is not really to be attributed to the Butcher Duke of Cumberland's having written the words 'no quarter' on it, as a general order, on the night before the battle of Culloden, but to the arms of this family [Dalrymple, Earl of Stair], viz., Or, on a saltire azure nine lozenges of the field. It seems to have been aimed famous for getting up the massacre of Glencoe." at the first earl, the eminent Whig statesman, chiefly

St. Andrews, N.B.

GEORGE ANGUS.

Some one has referred to the Dalrymple arms as explaining this allusion. Besides the doubtful compliment to the family of Stair, the explanation

is so far defective that it does not correspond with the arms, which are, in their simplest form: Or, on a saltire az. nine lozenges of the first. In none of the variants of this coat are the tinctures of the lozenges different; but to answer to the nine of diamonds they should be gules. Besides, the bearing here is quite different from that on the card, being on a saltire, and not in three rows, per pale. CHEVRON.

'EUPHUES': PARALLEL PASSAGES (8th S. iii. 366).-Erasmus, and many others, I believe, had written to the same effect long before Lyly, but I am only able to find the following just at once :"A Male is naturally more excellent and strong than

a female......Besides the Male was created first." "So was Adam before Christ. Artists use to be most exquisite in their later performances."- Eras. Colq,' 1878, vol. i. p. 444.

Sweet Boy! late did thy op'ning charms disclose Most pleasing sweets, on Expectation's wing; We fondly thought no cloud would interpose, To damp the joys thy innocence did bring." Four more verses follow, but I will not inflict them on the reader. Two other specimens of his muse appear on pp. 26 and 456: the first a long passage of forty-one lines in blank verse, descriptive of a storm at sea, and the second a shorter one of eighteen lines, on taking leave of his readers;

but neither is of sufficient value or interest to warrant its reproduction here.

A copy of his poem 'The Margate Hoy, which was Stranded on Sunday Morning, the 7th February, 1802,' 8vo. 20 pp., second edition, Canterbury, 1802, is preserved in the British Museum Library. Mr. Cozens was also the compiler of

"The Almighty God did so Create his workes, that euery succeeding worke was euer more excellent then what was formerly Created:......Adam being the last worke, is therefore the most excellent worke of creation: yet Adam was not so absolutely perfect, but that in the sight of God he wanted an helper: Wherevpon God created the woman his last worke, as to supply and make absolute that imperfect building which was vnperfected in man, as all Diuines do hold, till the happy creation of the woman. Now of what estimate that Creature is and ought to be, which is the last worke, vpon whom the Almighty set vp his last rest: whom he made to adde perfection to the end of all creation, I leaue rather to be acknowledged by others, then resolued by my selfe."

P. 5.

Boston, Lincolnshire.

R. R.

Z. COZENS (8th S. iii. 8, 94, 196).—The burial of Zechariah Cozens, of Margate, aged sixty-five years, is recorded in the 'Register of Burials in the Parish of Margate,' under date Aug. 8, 1828 (p. 250, No. 1999).

It appears that Cozens, his wife, and two sons, Edward and Edwin Bedo Cozens, were buried in Margate Churchyard, but the inscriptions on the now sunken tombstone have long ceased to be legible.

The marriage at Margate, on Dec. 26, 1814, of Mr. R. Brasier, jun., with Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Mr. Z. Cozens, of that place, is noticed in Gent. Mag., Jan., 1815, vol. lxxxv. pt. i. p. 80. It may be of interest to add that Mr. Cozens's nephew, George Bedo, is at this time resident in Oxford Street, Margate.

From the following inscription and lines copied (p. 14) in his own book, A Tour through the Isle of Thanet, and some other Parts of East Kent,' 1793, we gather that Cozens lived for some years at Margate, was married, dabbled in occasional poetry in addition to his other literary efforts, and buried a child there :

George Bone, of Margate, who Died the 7th of February, 1802, Aged 42 Years,' 16 pp., being a continuation of the former work.

A review of the Tour through the Isle of Thanet' appears in Gent. Mag., Marcb, 1794, vol. Ixiv. pt. i. p. 243, while the author's corrections of, and remarks on, the said review find a place in the succeeding issue, April, 1794, DANIEL HIPWELL. P. 319.

17, Hilldrop Crescent, N.

FUNERAL BY WOMEN (8th S. iii. 185, 257).I have in my possession a curious old sepia print of a funeral procession entering the church at Orpington, in Kent. The clergyman in a surplice walks first; next follows a man, probably a mute, band and white streamer, and a broad white scarf in a very broad-brimmed black hat, with white over one shoulder and under the arm, carrying a tall staff, the top of which is ornamented with three huge bunches of white ribbon. The coffin is that of an adult, and is borne by six very tall women, wearing white hoods and white dresses heeled shoes. The pall is bordered with white over hooped petticoats, and small white highwith heavy black tassels. are three men in extremely wide-brimmed hats, with narrow white ribbon round the crown, and narrow white streamers down to the shoulders only. The clergyman's wig is similar to one worn by my great-grandfather, the Rev. Wm. Evans," guide to the date of the funeral, as there is none on whose portrait is dated 1702. This may be a the print.

Rochester.

The only mourners

OLIVIA E. PAYNE.

KENNEDY BARONETCY (8th S. iii. 347).—This baronetcy became extinct, I believe, on the death of Sir Richard Kennedy, father of Elizabeth, Lady Dudley, in 1710. He is stated, on the authority of Luttrell's Diary,' to have been killed in a duel

with Mr. Dormer. His widow, née Blake, remarried Lord Fred. H. Howard. I do not know the exact date of the death of Lady Dudley, but her will is dated July 9, 1747, and was proved Feb. 9, 1749. H. S. G.

"STOAT," ITS DERIVATION (8th S. ii. 349, 514; iii. 417).-Clubstart (from A.-S. steort, a tail) is quite another name from stoat. A moment's reflection will show that stoat and start are different words, just as coat and cart or moat and mart. That any one should for a moment deem it possible to derive stoat from A.-S. steort is a clear proof of the inability of the English mind to conceive that etymology obeys fixed laws.

WALTER W. SKEAT.

HERALDRY (8th S. iii. 247).—The charge three greyhounds courant is a well-known Welsh quartering, from whom derived I cannot state, not having any authority by me to refer to. It was borne by the Berrington family, but the field was sable. Welsh coats of arms are derived from the king or prince from whom descent is traced. Sometimes variants are found in colour or arrangement of the charges.

Ednowain ap Ithel, Lord of Bryn, in Powysland, bore Argent, three greyhounds courant in pale, sable; Berrington, of Shropshire and Berkshire, Sable, three greyhounds courant in pale argent. These arms, within a border indented or, were quartered by the Loyds of Llangurig in right of the heiress Angharad, daughter of Adda ap Meirig ap Adda of Kerry. Green and blue are used indefinitely in old MSS. Probably some chemical change in the pigment accounts for this.

EMMA ELIZABETH THOYTS.

BURIAL BY TORCHLIGHT (8th S. iii. 226, 338).— Readers of 'N. & Q.' may be glad of the following extract from the London Chronicle for March 28-30, 1758, p. 298 :

"On Monday night, about nine o'clock, the remains of the late Archbishop of Canterbury were carried in solemn funeral pomp from his dwelling house in Duke Street, Westminster, and interred in a vault in front of the altar in Lambeth Church, agreeable [sic] to his will." It may be added that the above archbishop was Dr. M. Hutton. E. WALFORD, M.A.

Ventnor.

On looking through my notes on Sheppy, I find the following account, which has never been printed. The funeral of Sir Edward Banks took place at midnight in the Abbey Church of Minster, Sheppy, as also did that of his daughter; both were by torchlight and of great magnificence. The hearse was drawn by four powerful black horses, heavily draped in cloth with tasselled border. On the head of each was fastened a flaming torch; great plumes nodded on the hearse and coaches wherever one could be placed, while those following on foot also wind blew wildly, and the effect was like a tale of carried torches. The night was very dark, the goblins and night imps as the long train of carriages, horsemen, and footmen wound its way through the lonely marshes at a foot pace. The villagers were and heavy breathing of the horses which drew the filled with terror at the strange scrambling noise hearse, as the cortège came up the steep hill leading to the church. An eye-witness said, "It made me greatly afraid of death." The vault, which is under the altar, is gained by a flight of steps leading down from the centre of the communion rail. The young and only daughter of Sir Edward died shortly before him; her funeral was carried out in a similar manner, except that the coffin was covered with white velvet and the plumes and horses were pure white. My informant was a grandchild of the church clerk at the time, and witnessed both ceremonies. OLIVIA E. PAYNE.

Rochester.