since towards the end of the preface he is suddenly referred to in this manner : "H. Nicholas hath painted his book with quotations, as full as T. C. he vseth the same stile and seemeth to have the same erronious spirit." Other senses in which the passage might be taken are not hidden from me. There may be some plain statement as to the authorship of a Certaine Libel' in Sutcliffe's later 'Answer, that to Job Throkmorton, in 1595. This work I know only from the excerpts given in An Introductory Sketch to the Martin Marprelate Controversy' (Arber), and they do not satisfy my curiosity. "John Penry, say I, John Udall, John Field; all Johns: and Job Throkmorton; all concurred in making Martin," wrote Sutcliffe; but many pens, not leagued with theirs, yet moved in sympathy. I feel sure that my snippets will provoke rather than satiate the Fijian appetite. I am sorry to offer a mess so innutritious. Let me end with a note and a query. I note that the Rev. Mathew Sutcliffe exclaims, "A bloudie fault," when he meets the complaint, "The Curate must tolle a Bell: yet doeth not he, but the Sexten" (p. 118); and I must ask for an explanation of the words italicized below: "The stile is like John Bels song of Couentrie, the sentences hang together like lenten deames." ST. SWITHIN. LADY OF THE BEDCHAMBER (8th S. iii. 247, 355, 392).—I also have tried hard, in going through the Close Rolls and Wardrobe Rolls, to find any hint, even the slightest implication, of relationship between Geoffrey and Thomas Chaucer, and have entirely failed. 66 When one of the queen's ladies is mentioned on the Rolls, she is (if I rightly remember, invariably) styled either "domina de camera Reginæ" (which very rarely occurs), "domicella camera Reginæ," or 'domicella Reginæ." Philippa Chaucer is always styled "domicella camera," but Philippa Pycard is always "domicella Reginæ." The ladies pensioned on Queen Philippa's death in 1369 (Patent Roll, 43 Edw. III., part ii.) were the "domicella Reginæ" only; and neither the name of Philippa Chaucer nor that of Alice Perrers appears on this list, while Philippa Pycard is there. I am very glad to find that my convictions respecting Philippa Chaucer are backed by so high an authority as PROF. SKEAT. That Chaucer was her maiden name I never could believe. HERMENTRUde. SAMPLERS (8th S. iii. 327).—As I have before mentioned (8th S. ii. 91), I possess a very old sampler, worked by my grandmother's great-grandmother, in 1718, and I do not recollect ever having seen one of an earlier date, though doubtless there are such in existence. MR. TUER asks, 66 Where are some good typical examples to be seen?" and I can only say that, if he ever finds himself in this neighbourhood, I shall be very happy to show him mine. It is in excellent condition, and, as I wrote in the above reply, the colours are not at all faded and might almost have been worked in yesterday. As regards "the earliest known child's sampler with a date," an answer is scarcely likely to be arrived at, though, as I say, I have never seen an earlier dated one than my own. But that they go back to the Middle Ages there can be little doubt, and certainly to the time of Elizabeth. In the 'Midsummer Night's Dream' (III. ii.), Helena exclaims to Hermia,— We, Hermia, like two artificial gods, Have with our neelds created both one flower, which opens up a new question, viz., Was it the Barnes Common, S.W. I have a dated sampler as old as any dated sampler previously described. It is worked in variously coloured silks on fine canvas, twenty and a half inches long by eight and three-quarter inches broad. The inscriptions are:— "Learning is a presiovs thing it doth both grace and worth of it cannot be told. Avoid all ill companny and vertve bring, it is more rare then chains of gold the sloth by which to ruing yovth is brovght, chvse still to walk in vertveovs ways dovbtles to honovr it will the raise. Vertve honovr and renovn doth the ingenioves lady crown. Hannah Clifton, 1704. Riches have wings and flee away byt learning......" The sampler has not been finished. The alphabet numerals 1-8 to fill up a line; and numerals 1-30 occurs before the first sentence and also after it, with occur after the date. There are only letters and numbers worked upon it interlined, and not objects G. D. LUMB. of any kind. If MR. TUER is "going in " for samplers, the following may be useful to him. It is a foot-note on p. 9 of Sir Arthur Mitchell's interesting work entitled 'The Past in the Present. What is Civilization?' (Edinburgh, David Douglas, 1880.) "Dr. George W. Balfour has furnished me with an interesting illustration of the dying out of a practice by a process of degradation. It is supplied by the Sampler, which was worked by nearly every little girl in the more before that time, but which is now rarely, if country forty years ago and for a hundred years and ever, worked by any one. Dr. Balfour has given me five of these samplers-the work of five generations of ladies in one family. They are all dated at the time of working them; but no one need consult the dates in order to arrange them according to age. The oldest shows by far the most careful work and the best taste. As they come down to the latest they get ruder and ruder, till we reach those wonderful tubs with inconceivable fruit-trees or flowers in them, or those still more wonderful and less conceivable peacocks, worked with coarse thread on coarse canvas, and not in any respect superior, either in taste or execution, to the paintings or sculpturing of the lowest savages we know. All the young ladies who worked these five samplers belonged to a chain of families living in affluence and refinement, and it was assuredly not a want of culture or taste which gave origin to those marvellous birds and decorative borders in the later of them, for the parents of some of the workers were among the appreciators and patrons of Raeburn. Sampler-work was a practice dying out, and death came to it in the usual way, by a process of degradation. This is the whole explanation." W. E. WILSON. WORKS OF KING ALFRED (8th S. iii. 347, 438). -In answer to the question asked by AD LIBRAM, the Jubilee edition of the whole works of King Alfred was published in two volumes. The first volume was published by J. F. Smith & Co., Oxford and Cambridge, 1852, the second by Bosworth & Harrison, 215, Regent Street, London, 1858. This edition is in modern English. It does not contain the whole of Alfred's works, notwithstanding what is said on the title-page. On the other hand, it contains much which is now thought not to be his. A. L. KNIGHT. Leeds. TROUTS (8th S. iii. 366, 416).-The plural trowtis occurs in Barbour's 'Bruce,' ii. 577; the reference is duly given in Stratmann. The date of the 'Bruce' is 1375, i. e., 241 years earlier than Beaumont and Fletcher's 'Scornful Lady,' and nearly 400 years earlier than the birth of Sir Walter Scott. This shows how easy it is to " go one better" in questions as to English usage. WALTER W. SKEAT. some "One trut', 6d. ; one trutes, 12d.; trues et barbell', per cena, 8d." (Wardrobe Account, 31/14, Q.R., 1322-3). "Treute" (Ibid., 24/2, 1324-5). "1 panel p'ls et crabb', 23 Rugects, et 3 Troghtes, 11s. 6d." (Ibid., 62/7, 1344-47). "6 trughtes, 2s. 6d. 4 trughtes, 20d." (Ibid., 95/5, 1383-4). This Roll has been calendared as that of 66 distinguished person." The internal evidence leaves no doubt that this distinguished person was the Bishop of Ely, who in 1383-4 was Thomas de Arundel, afterwards Archbishop of York and Canterbury. "To Richard Selleston of Mansfield, presenting the King with Troughtrs, 6s. 8d." (Ibid., 68/4, 1405-7). HERMENTRUDE. I am able to give an earlier instance of the plural form of trout than that which is quoted by Mr. WALTER B. KINGSFORD. Shakspeare has used the form in 'Measure for Measure,' which play Fleay says is "generally and rightly dated 1603": "Mrs. Overdone. But what's his offence? Pompey. Groping for trouts in a peculiar river." I. ii. 90-1. F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. HERALDIC CASTLE (8th S. iii. 347).-In modern heraldry a castle is represented with not fewer than two towers, connected with a wall and gateway (Boutell and Aveling). More than this number are called " a castle triple-towered," or a castle with four towers, which is always blazoned in perspective. Cussans's Heraldry' describes “ 8 castle" as an embattled fortress, 66 on which are commonly placed three towers." Clark and Wormull give the same description, and all give "a tower" as a single turret and as a different charge. Guilliam (the edition of 1638) contradicts himself, for he says field from one side of the Escocheon to the other, then must it be named a castle, but if it be thus Turretted and environed by the Field, then must it be blazoned 'a Tower triple-tow'red." "when the architecture extendeth itself over all the But in his examples he gives in the arms of Castillion a lion rampant, "a castle in the dexter point," and the woodcut gives a simple tower. In our own arms we bear (as a modern augmentation on the grant of a peerage) on the original canton "a castle triple towered" for the Castle of Norwich. B. FLORENCE SCARLETT. A tower in heraldry correctly figures a castle. Three towers would be a castle triple towered. GEORGE CLUlow. When there are three towers the more correct blazon would be " triple towered." Thus in Fife we find Gules, a castle triple towered argent, masoned sable, for the Abbey of Lindores. GEORGE ANGUS. St. Andrews, N.B. According to The Glossary of Heraldry' (Parker, Oxford, 1847), the word "castle," used alone, generally signifies either a single tower or two towers with a gate between them; a castle triple towered being a tower with three turrets thereon, such as occurs in the arms of Castile. The same authority adds, amongst other varieties are triangular and square castles seen in perspective, and castles extending all across the field, the turrets J. BAGNALL. being often domed. Water Orton. in the eyes." Fidelia, in a conversation with Manly, the whole of which need not be quoted, says: "Pray, have you a care of gloating eyes; for he that loves to gaze upon 'em, will find at last a thousand fools and cuckolds in 'em instead of cupids." W. F. PRIDEAUX. When I was a child "babies" was a common nursery term for pictures in books. "Shall we look at the babbies?" was nurse's way of introducing a fresh book. The same name was given to the tiny figures of people seen in the eyes. This refers to over half a century ago. CHEVRON. TABLE PROVERB (8th S. iii. 265). The proverb to which there is reference is much earlier than 1664, though perhaps that is merely a quotation of it. It is to be met with in the form below in Villa Nova's commentary on 'Schola Salernitana' as Post cœnam stabis, aut passus mille meabis. 'Regimen Sanitatis Salernitanum ' (Oxf., 1830, p. 156). Do walk a mile, women should talk an hour Beaumont and Fletcher, Philaster,' 1620; The lines were not part of the original 'Schola "SQUIN" (8th S. iii. 166, 299).—The pecten is mentioned as a dainty fish by Horace ('Sat.,' ii. iv. 34): "Pectinibus patulis jactat se molle Tarentum." E. WALFORD, M.A. Ventnor. Lost or Suspended Memory (8th S. iii. 389).Many instances of failure of memory are recorded in All the Year Round, Second Series, vi. 365; xi. 464. Nearly fifty years ago I was acquainted with a young man who, from an accidental injury to the brain, entirely lost all memory of the past, and, from being a cadet on board H.M. ship Excellent, was obliged to be taught his alphabet. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. 71, Brecknock Road. MR. HOOPER should read the marvellous history of the Rev. Eleazar Williams-otherwise Louis XVII. which all turns upon a recovery of memory. I believe there is a modern reprint of the book. EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A. Hastings. TOTEMS IN THE BRITISH ARMY (8th S. iii. 407). -The 6th (Royal Warwickshire) bear the badge of the antelope. Its origin is uncertain, but some authorities have suggested that the figure of an antelope was on one of the standards captured by this regiment at Saragossa, and by them presented to Queen Anne. When quartered at the Tower, some years ago, the Warwickshire had a pet ante lope, which marched with them on parade, led by a silver chain. A. G. B. The 4th Battalion Beds Regiment (Herts Militia) had, up to a few years ago, a stag to precede them. It either injured or killed a man, and had to be destroyed. Since then the custom has been discontinued. H. POSTLETHWAITE POLLARD. Belle Vue, Bengeo. "THIRTY DAYS HATH SEPTEMBER" (8th S. iii. 245).—The following rhyme (first printed, I believe, in 1571) may be found in Grafton's' Abridgement of the Chronicles of Englande......1572,' sig. Ff. ii. verso: Thirty dayes hath Nouember, And all the rest have xxxi. Five years later (1577) it appears in Harrison's 'England,' with one or two trivial changes and the addition of the line But in the leape you must ad one. That the version with September in the first line was current by 1601 is evidenced by a passage in The Return from Parnassus,' written in that year (III. i., p. 37 of Arber's ed.):— "S. Rad. How many dayes hath September? "Im. Aprill, Iune and Nouember, February hath 28. alone and all the rest hath 30 and one. "S. Rad. Very learnedly in good faith, he hath also a smacke in poetry." Our continental neighbours have been no less appreciative than ourselves of the utility of this mnemonic canon. An old Italian version is included in Giusti's 'Proverbi Toscani,' art. "Meteorologia," &c.: Trenta di ha novembre, april, giugno e settembre ; I can give no date for this; but the following French version is from a book published in 1664, Proverbes en Rimes,' ii. 311:— Trente ont les Mois de Nouembre, Et vingt-huit jours en a vn, Comment on the stupid blunder denounced by your correspondent would be a waste of your space. F. ADAMS. RHYME ON CALVINISM (8th S. iii. 428).-MR. FLEMING will find the rhyme relating to this in an early sermon of C. H. Spurgeon, on Calvin and Calvinism,' published early in the sixties. 67, Trinity Road, Wood Green. T. R. SLEET. SIR THOMAS PATE HANKIN, KNT. (8th S. iii. 369).-He joined the 2nd or Royal North British Regiment of Dragoons as cornet, July 21, 1795; was promoted a lieutenant, Aug. 13, 1796; captain, Oct. 18, 1798; major, April 4, 1808; lieutenant am curious to know why it is wrong to call this flower the marsh-marygold. It has been so called since Lyte's time at least, and the name has the stamp of Tennyson's approval in one of his finest descriptive lines: The wild Marsh-marigold shines like fire in swamps and hollows gray. colonel in the army, June 4, 1814; and lieutenant- flower referred to is the Caltha palustris. And I colonel commanding the above-named regiment, Oct. 11, 1821. He served in that distinguished corps at the Battle of Waterloo, where he sustained a severe wound in the knee. Upon the visit of George IV. to Scotland in 1822, Lieut.-Col. Hankin, then in command of the regiment there, received, at Holyrood House, on Aug. 22, the honour of knighthood. He was twice married, first to the only daughter of Capt. John Reade, of the 25th Regiment, who died within a year after their union; and secondly, to Miss Margetts, of Huntingdon shire, who survived him. Sir Thomas died at the Cavalry Barracks in Norwich, Oct. 26, 1825, aged fifty-nine, and was buried in Norwich Cathedral. The name of Hankin is of frequent occurrence in the parish registers of Ashwell, Baldock, and Sandon, Hertfordshire. 17, Hilldrop Crescent, N. DANIEL HIPWELL. BARCLAY'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY' (8th S. iii. 428). — The Complete and Universal English Dictionary was by the Rev. James Barclay. The first edition was published in quarto in 1774; see Mr. H. B. Wheatley's Chronological Notices of the Dictionaries of the English Language,' in the Transactions of the Philological Society for 1865. G. L. APPERSON. Wimbledon. KILBURN WELLS (8th S. iii. 167, 435).-C. A. O. may be referred to 'Old and New London,' vòl. v. pp. 245, 246, where Mr. Walford gives quotations from the Kilburn Almanac,' Mr. Harrison Ainsworth, Mr. Richard Owen Cambridge, and the Public Advertiser of 1773. MUS URBANUS. GEORGE ELIOT (8th S. iii. 307, 352).—An old acquaintance kindly points out a mistake of mine with regard to the date of George Eliot's first publication of verse. "The Spanish Gypsy' appeared in 1868, and had, therefore, precedence of Jubal.' I am sure the distinction in the article I remember was between verse and prose, not, as MR. MARSHALL suggests, between verse and poetry. Certain passages from the novels were taken, and it was shown that they easily could be read in metre. An article came out a little time ago, treating passages from 'Lorna Doone' in a similar way, as demonstration of the fact that Mr. Blackmore's prose might be considered poetry in the technical E. H. HICKEY. sense. Hampstead. For anything I know it has as good a right to the name as the garden marigold (Calendula officinalis). It does not, however, appear to be referred to by Shakspeare, and it is almost certainly not his "cuckoo-bud of yellow hue." In the first place, it blooms some weeks before the cuckoo comes (I gathered a quantity this year in the first week of April); and in the second it is hardly a meadow flower. We have heaps of it along our drains and ditches, where it makes a gallant show; but it is almost entirely confined to them. MRS. the crowfoot. Does she mean the crow-flower-a WHITE says that elsewhere Shakespeare speaks of very different thing? Shakespeare, unless I am little doubt that he refers to it in the passage MRS. mistaken, never mentions the crowfoot; but I have WHITE is inclined to apply to the marsh-marigold. His crow-flower is our ragged robin, of which Gerarde says that it " serves for garlands and crowns "—as it did for poor Ophelia. C. C. B. Caltha palustris that it is wrongly named marshWhy does MRS. C. A. WHITE say of the bright marygold? The name caltha is said to be derived from calathos, a cup. JAMES HOOPER. THE POPE'S GOLDEN ROSE (8th S. iii. 343).— The following passages on this subject may interest some of your readers : the Pope, dressed in white, consecrated on the altar of a "On the fourth Sunday in Lent, which falls in spring, chapel adorned with roses, in the presence of the College of Cardinals, a golden rose, which was afterwards presented as ensuring a blessing to princes and princesses, and even to churches and towns. The Pope dipped the rose in balsam, sprinkled it with holy water and incense, and prayed to Christ as the Flower of the field and the Lily of the valley. Shortly before the Reformation, Frederic the Wise, Elector of Saxony, received the Golden Rose, and in our time it has been bestowed on the ill-fated Empress Charlotte of Mexico, and the pious Isabella II. of Spain. Notes relating to this peculiar custom may be found as far back as the eleventh century, when Leo IX. was Pope; but its origin is evidently connected with the ancient Roman conception of the rose as the symbol both of life and of perishableness, which in the hand of a conqueror expressed not only his glory and his joy, but also his mortality and humility."-Victor Hehn, Wanderings of Plants and Animals,' ed. by J. S. Stallybrass, 1885, pp. 193-4. rubies and other gems, is solemnly blessed by the Pope "The Rosa Aurea, which is of pure gold inraught with on Laetare, Mid-Lent Sunday, as an emblem of Christ, who is the flower of the field and the lily of the valley,' and as a sign of the joy of the church triumphant and militant in Him. The rose is sent to Catholic sovereigns, states or cities, as a pledge of Christian joy and hope of Heaven. Henry VI., Henry VIII., and Queen Mary his daughter, are among the crowned heads who have received it."-Hettinger, Dante's Divina Commedia,' Bowden's translation, p. 220. In the Tablet of Oct. 6, 1888, there is a learned and interesting paper on the golden rose. I have also a note that the golden rose is mentioned in Dr. Ludwig Pastor's Lives of Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages,' edited by F. J. Antrobus, vol. i. p. 220. the 66 As I am writing concerning the symbolism of rose, I am reminded to ask where the following passage occurs: Quæ est ista, speciosa sicut columba quasi rosa plantata super rivos aquarum." ASTARTE. It should, in fairness, be mentioned that for most of her interesting antiquarian statements, MRS. C. A. WHITE is indebted to an article on the same subject by the learned and venerable founder of N. & Q.,' MR. W. J. THOMS, published in the first volume of the Shilling Magazine. E. WALFORD, M.A. Ventnor. On Rose Sunday, it may be noted, in addition to the blessing of the golden rose by the Pope, vestments of a rose colour, or reddish brown, are worn by the officiants at high mass, instead of the purple vestments ordinarily used in Lent. The deacon and sub-deacon of the mass also wear dalmatics, flowers are allowed, and the organ may be played at mass and office, all of which are prohibited on other Lenten Sundays. The same relaxations are permitted on the third Sunday in Advent, sometimes called Rose Sunday in Advent. St. Andrews, N.B. GEORGE ANGUS. ROBERT MONTGOMERY MARTIN (8th S. iii. 408). -There is an account of this author and his voluminous writings to be found in Allibone's 'Dictionary,' but neither the date of his birth or death is inserted. His first production is dated 1832. He wrote chiefly upon the colonies and colonial life, and very high praise is awarded to his writings in several leading periodicals which are mentioned. In the 'Cradle of the Twin Giants Science and History' (vol. ii. p. 117), by the Rev. Henry Christmas, M.A., a remarkable story is quoted of the discovery of a murder in New South Wales by a spectral appearance. This is said to be taken from the "History of Australia,' p. 130, by Mr. Montgomery Martin, and Mr. Christmas calls it one of the latest and one of the best of stories" concerning crimes discovered by apparitions. JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. I am surprised that it is not intended to include Martin's name in the Dict. of Nat. Biography' (see Athen., April, 1891, p. 536), considering that, in addition to the two works named by the British Vice-consul at Ciaudad Bolivar, he was the author of Ireland Past and Present,' 'Statistics of the British Colonies,' 'Taxation of the British Empire,' 'China, Political, Commerical, &c.,' 2 vols., History of Eastern India,' 3 vols., Hudson's Bay Territories and Vancouver's Island,' 'State of the Tea Trade in England,' and many others. notice of his death has appeared in the Athenæum. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. 71, Brecknock Road. No See 'Men of the Time,' ed. 1868. I fancy that his life was not prosperous. E. H. M. Hastings. HOW TO REMOVE VARNISH (8th S. iii. 428).French polish is a kind of varnish, as it is shellac dissolved in spirits of wine; and all varnishes are solutions of resin of some kind in oil, turpentine or alcohol. Hence spirits of wine will remove any kind of varnish; wood naphtha will do it more readily, but its smell is very offensive. Methylated spirits of wine is spirits of wine with a little wood naphtha added, to make it undrinkable, to save duty. L. L. K. H. M. LL. might try with chloroform. HAROLD MALET, Colonel. THE CEPHISUS AND THE ILISSUS (8th S. iii. 303, 396).-It can scarcely be doubted that in the passage of "The Excursion' Wordsworth meant the Athenian Cephisus. But MR. BOUCHIER may take comfort. It has but a short course. A walk of eight miles or so would take the votary and his father to the head waters; and there they might find a "crystal lymph," not yet "vaseuse," to "refresh the lip." The Phocian Cephisus is largely most glorious springs of bursting pellucid water, fed by, if it may not be said to find its source in, two called now-a-days ano- and kato-Agoriani, which come forth from the west side of Parnassus. How Wordsworth would have rejoiced in them! "Fies nobilium tu quoque fontium," he might have said, if he had seen them. However, the outlets of Parnassian water have been changed, I believe, in the course of time by the action of earthquakes. If Apollo were now to visit Delphi, so far from laving his loosened locks in the pure dew of Castalia, he would scarce find enough to wet his toothbrush. He would surely be off to the Agoriani springs. C. B. MOUNT. VAUGHAN AND DODWELL (8th S. i. 209, 453).Doubtless R. D. has seen the extracts from the parish registers of Shottesbrooke, in Berkshire, printed in the Genealogist, vol. vii., giving at least four generations of the Dod well family. Can R. D. say where Henry Dodwell was born in 1641 ? There appear to have been families of Dodwell in the county Roscommon, at Sevenhampton, Dowdes |