cies with jurisdiction over various aspects of pollution control have too long been split among several departments. This split has prevented creation of the most effective and coordinated approach to environmental enhancement, I believe.

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"The environment," as President Nixon has said, "must be ceived as a single, interrelated system." I believe that EPA is the lens that will give us that perception. The selection of an Administrator is a key decision in making EPA work. In this era of environmental awareness, the man who is confirmed to this important post must be an effective Administrator, as well as an effective advocate for environmental enhancement.

I was pleased with your statement, Mr. Ruckelshaus, and the answer you gave to our distinguished chairman's question. Leadership is very important in the whole approach to this question of environmental enhancement, particularly the coordination between various branches of the Federal Government, as well as the State and local governments and public and private agencies.

Your answer to the question concerning enforcement is most important. Your intention to be fair and firm in enforcement is exactly, I think, what the Congress expects from an effective Administrator of EPA.

I realize that you may not, at this stage, have all the answers to the specific questions involved in this great and complex challenge for environmetal enhancement. But I am impressed with your background and your previous experience.

At this point, Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that the résumé of the nominee be made a part of the record.

The CHAIRMAN. This will be recieved and will be included in the record of the hearing.

(The résumé follows:)

RÉSUMÉ OF WILLIAM DOYLE RUCKELSHAUS

Born: July 24, 1932, Indianapolis, Indiana, son of John K. and Marion Doyle Ruckelshaus.

Education: St. Joan of Arc Elementary 1938-46, Indianapolis; Cathedral High School 1946-48, Indianapolis; Portsmouth Prior 1948-51, Portsmouth, Rhode Island; Princeton University A.B. 1957; Harvard Law School LL.B. 1960. Military: U.S. Army 1953-55, discharged as drill sergeant.

Experience: 1960-65, Deputy Attorney General, State of Indiana (1963-65, Chief Counsel, Indiana Attorney General Office; in charge of overseeing 63 attorneys handling the legal business for the State of Indiana).

1960-62, as Deputy Attorney General, assigned to the Indiana State Board of Health. Duties were to represent the State Board of Health and related agencies in all of their legal problems. In such capacity, represented the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board in a vigorous program to end the pollution of Indiana Waters. Several administrative and court orders were obtained against corporations, individuals and municipalities to cease and desist polluting Indiana streams and lakes; drafted Indiana Air Pollution Control Act, which passed in 1961. The thrust of the Act was to place primary responsibility on local governments for cleaning up their own air, with power for the state to supervise the effectiveness of the local programs and to enter the field with their own administrative sanctions where the local government was not doing an effective job; while serving in this capacity, became knowledgeable in the entire field of public health and environmental control from the standpoint of state government and its relation with the federal and local government.

1965-67, Minority Attorney, Indiana State Senate.

1967-69, Elected to the Indiana House of Representatives, Elected Majority Leader, Indiana House of Representatives; first legislator in Indiana political his

tory to be elected Majority Leader in his first term. In capacity as Majority Leader, maneuvered meat, milk and food protection legislation through the legislature and into law. This legislation changed the emphasis of these programs from the enhancement of economic interest to the protection of the consumer from the standpoints of human health, safety and well being. Also wrote and engineered the passage of property tax incentives to industry for the construction of air and water pollution control facilities.

1968, Nominated by the Republican Party of Indiana as its nominee for the United States Senate.

1960-69, partner, law firm of Ruckelshaus, Bobbitt & O'Connor, Indianapolis 1969-70, Appointed Assistant Attorney General of the United States, Civil Division. In this capacity, in charge of a Division which oversees 200 lawyers in Washington, D.C., with offices in New York and San Francisco. The Civil Division of the Justice Department presently carries a caseload in excess of 19,000 cases involving every conceivable problem in civil law. The Civil Division represents in court every major department and agency of government and handles litigative problems as diverse as a right of the astronauts to read the Bible as they circle the moon to the pollution of the beaches in Santa Barbara. In this capacity, and prior capacity in the Indiana Attorney General's Office, has several times appeared and argued cases in the Supreme Court of the United States and Courts of Appeals throughout the country.

1970, Nominated as Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., on November 6, 1970.

Organizations: Indianapolis Bar Association, Indiana Bar Association, Federal Bar Association, American Bar Association, American Political Science Associa tion, Indianapolis Council on Foreign Relations, Audubon Society.

Family: Wife, Jill Elizabeth Strickland Ruckelshaus; Children, Catherine Kiley 9; Mary Hughes 9; Jennifer Lea 6; William Justice 5; and Robin Elizabeth 2.

Honors: Cum Laude graduate of Princeton, named Outstanding Republican Legislator in Indiana House of Representatives by working press, 1967; Indiana Broadcasters Association Award for Outstanding First Year Legislator in House, 1967; Named Man of the Year by Indiana Jaycees.

Senator BOGGS. Mr. Ruckelshaus, I want to commend you again on your appointment and take this opportunity to wish you every success in the important work that you will undertake.

Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. RUCKELSHAUS. Thank you, Senator Boggs.

The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, Senator Boggs.

Senator Young.

Senator YOUNG. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. At the moment I have no questions to ask the nominee. I may and probably shall wish to ask some questions later on.

The CHAIRMAN. That will be understood. You shall be given that opportunity.

We will now have questions or comments from Senator Baker. Senator BAKER. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. My remarks will be very brief.

First, I would like to say that I have known Mr. Ruckelshaus for some time. I am delighted with the President's recommendation that he fill this post, and hopefully, he will be confirmed by this committee and by the Senate.

There is one point the nominee commented on in response to a question by the chairman. That was the relationship of the States in their enforcement role and the disadvantage they suffer from time to time because, in part, of their laudable recruiting activities in the field. There is one other area where the States are at a disadvantage as well.

In the recently passed Air Pollution bill, passed by the Senate, there is a provision which tends to take care of that deficiency. I refer to

pollution by Federal agencies. In my own State of Tennessee, an Army ordnance plant at Chattanooga is among the greatest sources of pollution in our State.

The State even now is virtually unable to do anything about it. Would you give the committee some estimate of the role that your office and you as Administrator might play in trying to see that Federal agencies and Federal installations are brought into strict compliance with the environmental control regulations and statutes? Mr. RUCKELSHAUS. Senator Baker, there can be no question that one of the biggest polluters in the country is indeed the Federal Government.

The President recognized that in his statement last February in which he said that all Federal agencies would have to be well on the way to cleaning up their pollution, either with a plan or have the plan implemented by the end of 1972.

This Agency is charged with the responsibility of cleaning up pollution and doing something to enhance the environment throughout the country. Included in that responsibility obviously will be the responsibility to see that the Federal Government itself ceases polluting.

At this stage of our organization I do not have a direct answer to your question as to what we are going to do about it. However, I am able to answer your question to the extent that we intend to carry out the directive of the President as issued in the Executive order of last February to see that the Federal installations in the country. clean up their effluents and emissions as quickly as possible.

This will take some additional appropriations, which this administration is committed to ask Congress to make, pursuant to the President's statement.

Senator BAKER. I am sure you will fulfill the commitment made by the President with respect to the elimination of Federal pollution. But I would hope that you, as Administrator, would continue to be aware of the fact that States and municipalities are virtually powerless to enforce or to accelerate the enforcement of antipollution measures against Federal installations and, therefore, your Agency would be particularly strict, even severe, in seeing that Federal agencies would first be brought into compliance in this field. Mr. RUCKELSHAUS. I agree with you completely, Senator. Senator BAKER. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

The CHAIRMAN. Senator Muskie.

At this point, the Chair doesn't consider it a pleasantry in any way, but I have said that we work as a team in the Public Works Committee, and we do, in reporting and having the Senate pass 12 strong antipollution bills. We recognize the leadership of the subcommittee's chairman, Mr. Muskie, in air and water pollution.

Senator MUSKIE. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.

First of all, I would like to compliment Mr. Ruckelshaus on his distinguished public record. It is an impressive one for so young a man. I hope that he will add to it in the responsibilities which he is now seeking to assume.

Mr. Ruckelshaus, you spoke of leadership in your response to one of the chairman's questions. I couldn't agree with you more. This is an area in which we need vital and vigorous leadership by the man who occupies this position.

I hope that you will so conduct yourself that you will preempt the title tossed around rather loosely in recent years, that you will become known as Mr. Clean.

There are many areas of inquiry which we could explore in this hearing. I think we should do so to a greater extent than we might normally in confirming an appointment of this kind.

This is a new agency. It is the kind of independent agency that many of us have been seeking for a long time. I applauded the President's decision to create it under the reorganization plan.

There are a great many hopes tied up in this agency. A great many people are looking to it for leadership, for the leadership of which you spoke.

So I think in this hearing we have a responsibility to explore the dimensions of the job and the attitudes which you would bring to it. Without that, we are going to be somewhat at loose ends in trying to evaluate the directions that you may seek to pursue.

We can't cover all of the areas of interest but I am going to try to be selective in my questioning, bearing in mind especially that we are operating at least in the first round of questions under the 10minute rule; which is fair, I think, to all members of the committee. I am going to ask a few questions in this first 10-minute period and perhaps come back to others afterward.

First of all, pursuing a question raised by the chairman, I would like to call your attention specifically to the table contained in the committee report on the National Air Quality Standards Act of 1970. In our deliberations in this committee on that piece of legislation, we were very sensitive to the fact that in the past, legislation has not worked because it was underfunded and understaffed. We did not want to hold out false hopes with respect to this piece of legislation which is now in conference.

So we asked the administration to give us its best estimate of the staffing that would be required to enforce and administer this piece of legislation. The administration gave us those estimates, and they are contained on page 45 of the committee report.

I would like to ask, Mr. Chairman, that that table be included in the record of this hearing.

The CHAIRMAN. We shall include that table.

(The table follows:)

ESTIMATE OF RESOURCES NEEDED TO IMPLEMENT PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO CLEAN AIR ACT AS CONTAINED

Senator MUSKIE. When you examine it, you will note, Mr. Ruckelshaus, that in the first year, fiscal 1971, these estimates would provide for an increase in the staffing from 971 employees to 1,740. This is minimum staffing, as we understand the administration's estimate. That staffing would have to grow in the next 2 fiscal years to a total of 2.930.

I would rather not pass that bill than to have it enacted into law knowing that it wasn't going to be adequately staffed and funded. There is no point in our holding out false hopes to this country. Even if enacted with full staffing and funding, it is going to be difficult to achieve the objectives of that legislation.

So to give it a fair chance to succeed, to move in the direction of cleaner air, we must have adequate staffing and funding. We made this point very emphatically on the Senate floor so that Senators would not be misled about what they were doing.

These words won't work unless we have the staffing.

As I understand your response to the chairman's question, you agree with that point of view.

Mr. RUCKELSHAUS. Yes; that is right, Senator.

Senator MUSKIE. And you will, as it is your responsibility, review the estimates in order to form your own independent judgment, but your objective coincides, I assume, with the objective of the committee report in that respect.

Mr. RUCKELSHAUS. Yes, Senator, it does.

Senator MUSKIE. Now, may I pay you a compliment as I resume my questions. There is a story in this morning's New York Times entitled "Revision Delayed on Oil Spill Code."

I would like to ask, Mr. Chairman, that that story be included in the record.

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