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when deprived of other facilities of the kind, is entirely tributary to their work and furnishes excellent material. The one-term arrangement supplements admirably the calendars of other medical schools and meets the needs of an increasing number of students each year. The preparatory department was opened in the third year of the institution's history. It contained that year 35 out of the total of 140 students. It has been the aim to make the work as thorough as that of the eastern training schools. Only teachers of experience are employed in it. The necessity which dictated it is still apparent, though within the period of its life there has been a rapid advance in the vigor and extent of the schools of our State and region which do similar work. In 1881 the need of musical advantages for the young women and an abiding conviction that music deserved a place in the higher education had become so apparent and so fixed that a musical department was opened. It was placed under the care of the well-known writer of music and writer on music, Dr. Karl Merz, and has been successful from the first. The numbers have rapidly risen and the spirit has kept pace. The tone as to the kind of music to be used is elevated and the whole art is viewed and taught from a Christian standpoint. The military drill and the furnishing of the gymnasium came in together in 1884. The first is compulsory for all but the junior preparatory students and it has been made elective for the seniors. The junior class forms the battery and has drill in artillery. Target practice has been continued and will be increased, with the new issue of larger supplies of ammunition. Lectures on tactics, the greater battles of the world, and many kindred subjects are delivered by the officer in charge, who is detailed for the whole service by the War Department. The gymnasium is compulsory for all excused from drill, except for special reasons. It is fairly well furnished and is an admirable building for its purpose. It has not yet attained the proper bathing facilities nor the constant presence of a skilled instructor, but ordinary exercises are carefully taught, and the ingenuity of the lads finds full play in finding and mastering the exercises of a higher kind.

GRADUATE DEPARTMENT.

The university in 1881 began the experiment of adding a number of post-graduate courses to its general work. The department has grown until at present courses are presented in philosophy, sociology, mathematics, natural sciences, languages and their literature. These are open to all students prepared for them. "Residence at the university is not required, provided students faithfully comply with the conditions of sustained, methodical study and of regular and full reports concerning their progress." In order to matriculate in the department applicants must give evidence of scholarship, such as "the bachelor's diploma from the university, or from some other institution making equal requirements for graduation, or by presenting such published results of

previous study as will show a corresponding measure of attainments, or by passing a satisfactory examination." Examinations are set during the course and at its close. A thesis, containing from four to eight thousand words must be submitted. "The thesis will be regarded as an important part of the work for the degree. It is expected to be either a contribution to human knowledge as embodying the results of original research, or such a discussion of a subject as by new and clearer exposition will lead to the more ready acceptance and wider diffusion of established truth."

The advanced degrees, for the attainment of which provision is made, are as follows: Doctor of philosophy (PH. D.), doctor of science (S. D.), and the degree of master in arts (A. M.), in philosophy (PH. M), in science (S. M.).

Persons who have not attained the bachelor's degree, but who, in the judgment of the faculty, are prepared to master the work of any one of the courses, are admitted upon the same terms and conditions as college graduates; and upon completing the course they receive, instead of a degree and diploma, a certificate of having taken the specific course. The matriculation fee in this department is $10; examination fees, $20 for the major course, and $10 for the minor course, a graduation fee of $10 and diploma fee of $5, making the total expense for attaining the doctor's degree, $55.

The post-graduate department had been pressed upon the consideration of the faculty of the university (says ex-President Taylor, from whose statement in the Post-graduate Quarterly of January, 1887, the particulars which follow are condensed) for some time before any attempt was made toward its creation.

It was along the line of mental and moral philosophy, in particular, that the need seemed to be at first developed. The effort to secure thorough scholarship of this kind, for the chair of psychology and cognate studies in our colleges, brought out the fact of the widespread neglect of fitting preparation therefor among those who might be presumed to possess ample qualifications. It was to be supposed that among our younger ministry, college-bred and trained in theological schools, it would not be difficult to find many a one with intellectual preparation fully sufficient as equipment for a professorship in this department. The close relation existing between metaphysical science and systematic theology, the intimate and inevitable connection of psychological theories with doctrinal systems, their necessary definitions of common first principles, would seem to require of capable theologians at least a working basis of information upon the great fundamental questions relating to the laws of the human mind and the nature of knowledge. The apparent lack of such acquisition, where it would most naturally be sought, awakened a deep conviction that some practical method should be adopted to open the way and to create a stimulus for the revival of higher studies among educated classes, such studies being so important to the development of profound and systematic thought.

This account of the origin of Course A may be applied to the remainder. In Course B the special "presence of vital questions of political economy and abstract and constitutional principles" was felt as demanding arrangement for appropriate studies. The courses were opened to

nonresidents because they were sought as students for whom residence was impossible, and yet for whom it was most desirable that they should be enlisted in carrying forward such studies. It was thought that the same facts (their being busy with lucrative professional engagements) which made residence impossible would make faithful and intelligent study more certain.

The first effort was made in 1881:

Two pages of the annual catalogue contain the first public announcement of the new department, its plan of study and regulations. Much conference, by letter and personal interview, had been held with competent men, mainly presidents and professors in our oldest and best institutions, as to the feasibility of this undertaking and chiefly as to the text-books suitable for such courses, the extent of study to be required, and the practicability of the non-resident feature. It was not un

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til early in the following year that a printed circular was issued laying down definite courses of study in all departments as they now stand, and which have been since - but little amended, course A being at this time expanded. A new edition of this circular appeared in 1884, and a third in 1986, but slightly altered from the first. With much trepidation as to the result was the enterprise begun.

During the first year 12 students entered. One-third of these were from beyond the State, all were nonresident but 2, less than half were ministers, the remainder teachers. Two graduated. In the second year there were 23 students, 18 of whom were in course A, 3 in course B, and 1 each in courses C and J. Sixteen were ministers. Five of these have since graduated. The third year afforded a decided impulse arising from the increase of students and from the number of courses selected by them. Fifteen new candidates entered. Eighteen colleges were represented by alumni, among them Amherst and Michigan university. The total number of students was 36, of whom 25 were in course A, 5 in B, 2 each in C and H, and 1 each in F and I. They resided in 8 different States. Two of them were ladies. At the close of this year there were 6 graduates. In the fourth year there were 20 new candidates entered and 43 were enrolled in A, 9 in B, the remainder being distributed in eight of the other courses. "The catalogue enrolled 58 students in this department, scattered from New York to Oregon and from Maryland to Minnesota. The number of colleges represented was largely increased." Nine students were graduated. In the fifth year the total enrollment reached 59; in the sixth, 76; in the seventh, 93; in the eighth, 107; in the ninth, 116. Twelve were graduated at the Commencement of 1889 and the previous alumni of this department had reached 43. In October, 1886, the Post-Graduate and Wooster Quarterly was established, representing the post-graduate department and alumni of the university. It prints many of the theses offered and has gained a considerable circulation. "The prosperity of this department has surpassed the most sanguine anticipations of its projectors, and the present outlook seems more favorable than any previous prospect."

It may be added, in closing, that early among the few college week

lies appeared The University Voice. Beginning in 1884, its patronage and the care in editing it have continued to increase. The older literary journal is now published twice a month. It is called The Collegian, and represents the more advanced literary work of the undergraduates.

There have been but three presidents of the faculty: Dr. Willis Lord (3 years), Dr. A. A. E. Taylor (10 years), and the present incumbent, Rev. Sylvester F. Scovel (6 years). Mutual confidence and harmony have reigned. There has never been a serious disagreement between faculty, trustees, students, or patrons. The large majority of all the students are connected with the evangelical churches, and there are now generally enrolled among them from fifty to sixty candidates for the ministry.

[AUTHORITIES: Presbyterian Encyclopædia, Johnson's Encyclopædia, History of Wayne County, Ohio.]

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XIII.-DENISON UNIVERSITY.

(GRANVILLE, LICKING COUNTY.)

[Sketch by Mr. W. H. JOHNSON, Instructor in Greek, Granville Academy.]

The origin of Denison University may be traced to a desire for educated ministers for the State mission work of the Baptist denomination in Ohio.

The organized work of the denomination began with the formation of the Cincinnati Baptist Missionary Society in 1824. "We desire," said its founders, "to pray the Lord for an increase of laborers and to give evidence of the sincerity of our prayers by contributing to the support of the gospel and to the intellectual improvement of those who may be sent forth into the wide field of gospel labor." Second among the objects of the society was named "the education of ministers called, chosen, and faithful." Out of this society grew the Ohio Baptist State Convention, organized at Zanesville, May 22, 1826.

At a session of this body held at Lebanon, May, 1830, a number of those in attendance organized the Ohio Baptist Education Society and inaugurated a movement for the foundation of a college. A committee was appointed to receive proposals for its location and report at the next session, to be held at Lancaster, May, 1831.

A farm of about 200 acres was for sale near Granville, Licking County, and as the school was to be managed on the manual-labor system an effort was made by the Granville Baptists to raise a subscription sufficient to purchase this as an inducement to secure the school. This had not yet succeeded when the Education Society met at Lancaster; but Rev. Allen Darrow and Charles Sawyer, delegates from Granville, gave their personal pledge for the remainder and the proposition was accepted. A board of trustees was appointed, which took immediate steps to secure the additional money necessary for the purchase of the farm, ordered the remodeling of the farm house for school purposes, and secured Rev. John Pratt, a graduate of Brown University, as principal. On the 13th of December the school was opened in the Baptist meeting-house in Granville, as the buildings on the farm were not yet in order. During the first session the principal was the sole teacher.

In the first public announcement the name Baptist Literary and Theological Seminary of Ohio was used, but this was changed to the Granville Literary and Theological Institution before the school was opened.