paratory work, and was especially strong in English and mathematics, including studies in engineering. In 1877 the ladies' literary course was established. This was a course of 4 years, and the preparation required was the ordinary discipline in the common English branches.

In 1878 it was made a 3-years' course with 2 years of preparatory discipline, and in 1879 it was discontinued.

It will be seen that the college courses as now constituted embrace (1) the ordinary classical course; (2) a philosophical course, from which Greek is excluded, but which contains most of the Latin of the classical course, English studies, German and French, a thorough discipline in natural sciences, and the mathematics usually taught in colleges; (3) a scientific course, which is without Latin or Greek, but contains French and German and natural science, and is especially strong in mathematics (including studies in engineering) and in English.

PRESIDENTS AND FACULTY.

Rev. Sullivan H. McCallister, D. D., from 1872 to 1878; Everet L. Rexford, D. D., from 1878 to 1880; Rev. Orello Cone, from 1880.

The professors who have served in the college are as follows: Rev. Nehemiah White, A. M., PH. D.; S. F. Peckham, A. M.; Miss Helen F. Spaulding, L. D.; Carl F. Kolbe, A. M.; Alfred Welsh, A. M.; Elias. Frauntfeller, A. M., PH. D.; Sarah M. Glazier, A. M.; Charles M. Knight, A. M.; I. B. Chate, A. M.; Rev. George A. Peckham, A. M.; Benja min T. Janes, A. M.; Miss Maria Parsons.

The property of the college, including buildings, grounds, philosophical and chemical apparatus, furniture, etc., cost originally about $175,000. It has two endowments of $25,000 each, given, one by Mrs. L. D. Messenger in memory of her deceased husband, Rev. George Messenger, and one by John H. Hilton, of Akron.

There are also two endowments of $20,000 each, one of which was given by the women of Ohio and Pennsylvania to endow a woman's professorship.

Of this amount $10,000 were given by Mrs. Chloe Pierce, of Sharpsville, Pa., and the professorship has been called by her name. The other was endowed by J. R. Buchtel, in the name of his wife, Mrs. Elizabeth Buchtel. There are thirty scholarships of $1,000 each, of which those already productive are paying 6 per cent. per annum. Two of these were endowed by residents of Summit County, John R. Smith and John H. Hilton.

Mr. Buchtel has continued his donations to the college and in 1882 transferred to it property consisting of city lots and stock in a paper mill, valued in all at $70,000. On the 18th of January, 1883, his birthday, which was the first celebrated as Founder's Day by the faculty and students, he gave the college $100,000 in money. On the same occasion Mrs. S. A. Messenger gave $25,000. During this year the

grounds were improved and inclosed with an iron fence, the citizens of Akron contributing about $2,000 for the purpose. In 1885 an astronomical observatory was built and equipped with a complete set of instruments. The alumni prize fund was increased to $1,000.

A bequest of Isaac Kelly, of Pennsylvania, of $35,000, was realized this year, and Mr. Henry Ainsworth, of Lodi, Ohio, who had already given several scholarships of $1,000 each, endowed the chair of mathematics with $30,000.

On commencement day, 1887, Mr. Buchtel, who a few months before. had been disabled by paralysis, was carried to the platform and formally transferred to the college $100,000 in 6 per cent. bonds, and his life insurance, amounting to $74,000.

By the will of M. H, Ainsworth the college received this year $25,000. Mrs. Messenger, who died in January of this year, also added $5,000 to the Messenger fund.

During this year by the liberality of Henry Grapp Crouse, who gave $10,000, and of Mr. Fred Schumacher, who gave $5,000, the Crause gymnasium was built and completely furnished, at a total cost of about $20,000. This year Mr. O. C. Ashton, of Bryan, Ohio, established the Ashton prize fund for elocution.

In 1883, C. C. Bates was called to the chair of Latin and H. D. Shipman to that of Greek, these two chairs having been established in place of the chair of ancient languages.

In 1884 two chairs were established in the place of the one chair of Natural Science, and the former incumbent of this chair, Prof. C. M. Knight was made professor of Physical Science, and E. W. Claypole was called to the chair of Natural Science. The work in these departments has been much extended, and fine cabinets are in process of formation. The attendance has been steadily increasing.

[AUTHORITIES: The above history is taken from Kelly's History of Summit County, with additions by President O. Cone.]

1

XV.-THE UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI.

(CINCINNATI, HAMILTON COUNTY.)

[Sketch by Judge SAMUEL F. HUNT.]

The University of Cincinnati was organized under an act of the general assembly of Ohio, entitled "An act to enable cities of the first class to aid and promote education," passed April 16, 1870.

It is founded and to be maintained, according to the provisions of the statute, from any funds either heretofore or hereafter to be given to the city of Cincinnati for the purpose of establishing or aiding an institution for promoting free education. The statute authorizes any person or bodies corporate holding any estate or funds in trust for the promotion of education, or any of the arts or sciences, to transfer the same to the city as a trustee for this purpose. It was intended that there should be a consolidation of the various funds then existing, and which separately could be of little or no avail for the purposes for which they were originally devised or donated.

The same legislation furthermore authorizes a tax by the city of one tenth of one mill annually for the support of the institution. This legislation contemplated the union of various estates or funds in trust, and it was thought that united action would result in the foundation of an institution of learning worthy the name of University.

The act, which passed the legislature in 1870, went into practical effect by the election of a board of directors in January, 1871. The original endowment has been increased by important donations from the Cincinnati Astronomical Society, Mr. Joseph Longworth, Mr. John Kilgore. Mr. Julius Dexter, and by a bequest from the late Rev. Samuel S. Browne. While the University of Cincinnati was not primarily designed to be an academy for learned acquisition and research in their highest sense, yet its friends determined that it should be made such in fact, and that it should become a school of the highest culture. Difficulties were encountered and prejudices overcome until three departments were successfully organized-the academic or department of literature and science, the school of design, and the observatory.

The common schools of Cincinnati are not surpassed. The Woodward fund, which led to the establishment of the Woodward High School, and the Hughes fund, which led to the establishment of the

Hughes High School, render excellent service in the cause of High School education. The University of Cincinnati is a fitting complement to this system. It is confidently expected that the Cincinnati Law School, as well as the Mechanics' institute, which has accomplished so much for the public good, will yet be comprehended under one grand system to the end that there may yet be established a great institution of learning rivaling in advantages the continental idea of a university with distinct faculties and comprising the professional studies of law and medicine and art, as well as the advanced courses of scientific and classical studies, or the English university, which includes from ten to twenty distinct colleges under one general government.

THE ENDOWMENT OF CHARLES M'MICKEN.

The university idea for Cincinnati had its origin in the munificence. of Charles McMicken. His purpose was to bring the means of acquiring a liberal education to the very homes of the young men and young women of his adopted city. He devoted his estate to the enlargement of human knowledge. He was willing to share his fortune with mankind. The influence of this endowment has grown with the years and will increase with the generation. There has already been created an atmosphere of science, and of art, and of literature, and of general culture. It may require time, but there will be furnished an opportunity for education in all the branches taught in the best colleges and universities in the country. This is the language and spirit of the bequest. Charles McMicken was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in the year 1782. He was early trained to habits of industry and economy. He left home at the age of 21, and set out, on horseback, to seek his fortune in the far West. In the spring of 1803 he reached the village of Cincinnati, then with a population of a few hundred souls. The only available means with which to commence the struggle for life consisted of his horse and saddle and bridle. He first engaged in trade on the river, in flat-boats, and soon after established himself as a merchant at Bayou Sara, on the banks of the Mississippi. His business career was a most successful one, and while he purchased a home in Cincinnati, to which he resorted in summer, he passed his winter in the South, even to the time of his death.

The skillful management and correct business habits of Charles McMicken enabled him to accumulate a fortune estimated at more than $1,000,000. He never married, but was surrounded by an extensive circle of relatives, many of whom were educated by his liberality; others received generous gifts at his hands. It is said of him that he was sternly self-reliant. He made his own contracts, examined the titles to his property, and was so retiring and reticent in his disposition that he had no confidants and no one was informed of the leading purpose of his life, the establishment of an institution of learning, until he handed his will (about one year before his death) to his attached friend

Freeman G. Cary, president of Farmer's College. Liberal donations for charitable objects were made by him from time to time, and but a few years before his death he subscribed $10,000 for the endowment of the professorship of agricultural chemistry in Farmer's College. The last will and testament of Charles McMicken, who died in Cincinnati, Ohio, March 30, 1858, was executed on the 22d day of September, 1855. It was admitted to record and probate by the probate court of Hamilton County, Ohio, May 1, 1858.

The will contained thirty-nine sections. After the bestowment of numerous legacies and creating several annuities-with large sums and principally to his kindred-he made provision for founding two colleges, embracing in extent a university.education, and intended for both boys and girls; and further directed, after the organization and establishment of such institutions of learning, should the funds justify, that suitable additional buildings should be erected for the care and education of such orphans as might be admitted as pupils.

The thirty-first item of the will declares as follows:

XXXI. Having long cherished the desire to found an institution where white boys and girls might be taught not only a knowledge of their duties to their Creator and their fellow-men, but also to receive the benefit of a sound, thorough, and practical English education, and such as might fit them for the active duties of life as well as instruction in the higher branches of knowledge, except denominational theology, to the extent that the same are now or may hereafter be taught in any of the secular colleges or universities of the highest grade in the country, I feel grateful to God that through his kind Providence I have been sufficiently favored to gratify the wish of my heart.

I therefore give, devise, and bequeath to the city of Cincinnati and to its successors, for the purpose of building, establishing, and maintaining, as soon as practicable after my decease, two colleges for the education of white boys and girls, all the following real and personal estate in trust forever:

*

It is my desire also that the moral instruction of all the children admitted into the said institution shall form a prominent part of their education, and that, as far as human means may allow, they shall be made not useful citizens only, but good citizens, deeply impressed with a knowledge of their duties to their fellow-men, and with a love for their country and its united republican institutions, in the blessed and peaceful enjoyment of which it is my fervent prayer they and their descendants may continue to live.

A valuable portion of the gift of Charles McMicken to the city of Cincinnati--the lands in Louisiana-was entirely lost to the trust in 1860 by a decision of the supreme court of that State, annulling that part of the devise at the instance of one or more of his heirs at law.

It is estimated that the value of the real estate devised by the will of Charles McMicken, with improvements since built out of the income, will reach the sum of $600,000. The sum required to pay the legacies as well as annuities, of course, is a paramount charge on the funds. The rental from the estate for the year ending December 31, 1889, realized the sum of $30,711.82.