for that purpose by the late Nicholas Longworth, sr. The property having become unsuitable for the purpose, his heirs joined with the Astronomical Society in an agreement to give and convey the grounds to the city upon the specific trust that it should be leased and sold and the proceeds applied towards endowing the School of Drawing and Design, then established in connection with the university. It was a condition of the gift that the city should maintain an observatory in connection with the university. Mr. John Kilgore, in order to enable the city to comply with the engagement, gave four acres of land as the site for a new observatory, and also the sum of $10,000 for building and equipping it. The Astronomical Society also gave to the city, for the same object, the equatorial and other instruments, with all the apparatus and astronomical records and books belonging to the old observatory, while Mr. Julius Dexter generously donated the sum of $1,000 for the purposes of the observatory. The proposition of Mr. Kilgore having been accepted by the astronomical board, the university board, and the common council, the general assembly of Ohio authorized the levy of a tax of three one-hundredths of 1 mill for the support of the Observatory. The sum thus realized amounts to about $5,260 annually.

In addition to the well-known Mitchell refractor, an excellent transit instrument, and the other usual appliances for observatory work, there has recently been added a first-class meridian circle.

- A new filar micrometer has also been secured. The astronomer regards the graduation as practically perfect, and the whole instrument, in fact, as corresponding in workmanship with those of the most celebrated European makers. There are constant accessions of a valuable character to the astronomical library, which now numbers about 3,000 volumes. The observatory buildings are located at Mount Lookout, some 6 miles from the academic buildings of the university.

THE TRANSFER OF THE SCHOOL OF DESIGN.

The question of the transfer of the School of Design to the control of the Cincinnati Art Museum awakened much interest, and was discussed at length before final action was taken by the board. The directors declared repeatedly that an enterprise which looked toward the concentration of all funds devoted to art purposes, so that art education might be promoted, would receive such encouragement as the obligations of the board would permit.

At a regular meeting of the board held January 21, 1884, a communication was received from Judge Nicholas Longworth, addressed to the city of Cincinnati and the board of directors of the university, relating to the transfer of the School of Design to the Cincinnati Art Museum. The proposition of Judge Longworth secured a perpetual annual income for an art school of $14,865.24, more than double the property held for the purpose of the School of Design in connection with the university and donated originally by Nicholas Longworth, the father of Judge

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Longworth. Any legal objection that may have existed to the transfer of the School of Design for want of authority to sell and invest certain property held in trust for the maintenance of an art school was removed by an act of the general assembly of Ohio, passed January 30, 1884.

The necessary instruments, in writing, for the transfer were executed by the mayor and the chairman and clerk of the board, under the direction of the law committee and the city solicitor, and the formal transfer of the School of Design of the University to the Cincinnati Museum Association took effect as of date of February 1, 1884.

The School of Design of the University of Cincinnati realized all just expectations while under the control of the University Board. It was,/ indeed, the parent of other schools of design and drawing, and a large number of the former pupils are now following the education received as an industrial pursuit.

It was the object to make it a school of utility as well as of beauty. The instruction was not alone intended for the sake of an accomplishment, nor exclusively in the direction of the fine arts, so much as for its subsequent application in any and all operative forms.

The trust committed was faithfully discharged. The School of Design under its fostering care became worthy of the city, and from a small beginning developed into an institution with a corps of experienced instructors and nearly 300 students, and with all the necessary appliances for a high culture in art. The directors of the University of Cincinnati realized that the trust for the purposes of higher academic instruction did not necessarily comprehend a school of design, and that no selfish ambition should stand in the way of a concentration of all funds in the city devoted to art purposes. There was no other motive than that art education should be promoted, and that the generous spirit of Judge Nicholas Longworth should be met by a like public spirit in affording the best advantages which can come from munificent private donations in the further development of an art school.

PROPOSED CHANGE OF LOCATION OF THE UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS.

The main edifice of the university is located on McMicken Avenue in the city of Cincinnati. The provisions of the will of Charles McMicken largely, if not wholly, dictated the selection of the grounds in which the founder of the university lived. The members of the law committee are confirmed in the conclusion that without a release from the heirs of Charles McMicken, or else without a decree of a proper court so authorizing it, it would be extremely unwise to undertake to locate any part of the university maintained in whole or in part by the funds derived from the McMicken bequest upon any other property than that named in the McMicken will.

The disadvantages of the present location are recognized. The mayor of the city of Cincinnati, in pursuance of the unanimous action of the board of public affairs and the common council, is now authorized to

execute a proper conveyance for the use of 40 acres of land in Burnet Woods-the largest park in the city-for the purposes of the university. The question of removal is considered only with a view to the best interests of the institution. It is true that the trust does not involve alone costly structures and spacious grounds; they do not, however desirable, constitute a university in the highest sense. The sacredness of the trust has been regarded to the end that the desire of the founder should be realized, and that the students who enjoy its advantages "shall be made not useful citizens only, but good citizens, deeply impressed with a knowledge of their duties to their God and to their fellow men, and with a love for their country and its united republican institutions."

The proper authorities of Cincinnati have done their full share in stimulating and awakening an interest in the university by the magnificent offer of adequate grounds for buildings and botanical gardens and many of its zealous friends regard Burnet Woods as the future location for the main edifice of an institution that will stand preëminent, and awaken an affectionate pride in every citizen of Cincinnati as it proclaims from the very summit of the park that high scholastic training is open to every home in the city.

The growth of the University of Cincinnati awakens confidence for the future. Its undergraduates maintain an equal standing without loss of grade in the colleges of greater age, and consequently of greater reputation, to which they have been transferred. In addition to all the advantages which come from a curriculum selected with the greatest care and the result of large experience, there is the recommendation that the home training and parental influences can follow the student throughout the whole undergraduate and professional education. It is the purpose to make the university an integral part of the city system of higher education. The university courses in engineering and in science are the direct complement of the technological course in the high schools. The university course in arts or in letters may be followed from the high school college course, while the general course in the high school-at least that side of it which comprehends French or German and mathematics-is a direct preparation for the university course in letters. It is believed that no other large city in the country holds out to its citizens such generous and ample means of perfecting themselves in all that pertains to a liberal education.

XVI.-BALDWIN UNIVERSITY AND GERMAN

WALLACE COLLEGE.

(BEREA, CUYAHOGA COUNTY.)

Baldwin University had its beginning in the benevolent purpose of the late Hon. John Baldwin to establish a school of the higher grade that should bear a distinctively Christian character.

To this end, in the year 1844, Mr. Baldwin proposed to the North Ohio Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church that he would give a suitable site and erect a suitable building for a collegiate institute; and moreover, that he would deed 50 acres of valuable quarry land as endowment property, provided that the conference would ever maintain and support said collegiate institute as a Christian school of learning.

This proposition was accepted by the conference, and the institute was opened for students, April 9, 1846, with the Rev. H. Dwight as principal. Bishop W. L. Harris, D. D., late of New York, and the venerable Alexander Nelson, D. D., of Delaware, were among those who had charge at different times of the Baldwin Institute.

In 1885 the trustees, acting under the direction of the conference, effected a change of charter by which the Institute became Baldwin University in name, but a college in real form and work, with the Rev. John Wheeler, D. D., as president.

Within the period covered by the record of its work more than 6,000 students have enjoyed the advantages of the college, and more than 300 graduates have been sent forth from its class rooms to fill, in most cases, useful and honorable positions in life. The recent career of the university has been prosperous and encouraging. The number of collegiate students in 1886-87 was 46; in other departments, 172.

In 1886, the trustees elected the Rev. J. E. Stubbs to the presidency, and under his efficient and vigorous administration, the affairs of the university have assumed an entirely new aspect. His first care was to improve the financial standing of the institution. By the sale of the valuable property given by Mr. Baldwin he has added $100,000 to the endowment. Since then, the bequest of Mrs. Lyman Baker has added $40,000 more. The effect of these two transactions alone has been to add nearly $10,000 to the annual income of the university, thus securing a good foundation for all time to come.

The material development of the university has kept pace with the

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financial improvements. The completion of the ladies' hall adds one of the very finest college buildings to be found in the State. This gives the university four good buildings, three of stone and one of brick. The German College has nearly as many more, together answering every requirement in this direction.

German Wallace College began in 1858 as the German department of Baldwin University, under the charge of the Rev. Jacob Rothweiler, D. D. This department was very prosperous, and in 1863 was organized as a separate school under the name of the German Wallace College.

The two colleges, however, were united by agreement of the trustees as complements to each other in all matters relating to courses of study; the university to furnish instruction for the students of both colleges in Latin, mathematics, and the natural sciences, and the college in German, French, and Greek.

Tuition paid in one college gives admission into all the regular classes of the other, thus rendering them one, to all practical intents and purposes, though the organizations are separate. The two institutions maintain but one faculty, as no rival chairs are allowed in any department. In the combined faculty there are about twenty professors and instructors.

The following full professorships are at present found in the combined faculties, not including two or three theological chairs in the German Wallace College: Mental and moral science; natural sciences; Greek, Latin, German, and French; mathematics and astronomy; English; history and political science.

It is the aim of the university to provide the courses of study and to make use of the methods of instruction and government that will meet the requirements of the best principles of collegiate and secondary education.

The following are the schools as now established:

1. The College of Liberal Arts.

2. The School of the English Bible.
3. The Academy, or the Preparatory
School.

4. The Normal School.

5. The Commercial School.

6. The School of Music.

7. The School of Art.

8. The School of Non-Resident Instruction.

The courses of study in the College of Liberal Arts are equivalent to those adopted by most American colleges. In the classical, philo sophical, Latin-English, and pedagogical courses of study-four in number―ample provision is made for those whose judgment may differ in respect to certain branches of study, without asking the student to elect studies at a time when he is least prepared to make such selections with due wisdom. In the last two years, however, the usual number of elective studies are allowed.

The following-named individuals have been officers or instructors in the university at different times:

Presidents: Jolin Wheeler, D. D., W. D. Godman, D. D., and A. Schuyler, LL. D.