there was an attendance of 80 students. The financial responsibili of the institution being assumed by 100 persons, some of its frien seemed somewhat to slacken their energy, and although the enrollme was not so large this year yet the work went steadily forward and 2 p sons were graduated. At the end of this year President Benjamin Tru blood and Allen Terrell, having previously resigned, withdrew from t institution after 5 years of continuous service. At the opening 1879-80 David W. Dennis, A. M., of Richmond, Ind., assumed the pro idency of the college and continued to serve in this connection for years, his wife, Mattie C. Dennis, teaching in the department of gra mar and literature. Thomas Moon assisted in the mathematical depa ment during the first year, the other members of the faculty remainin the same. During this year the enrollment reached 137, its maximu up to that time.

After 2 years' service President Dennis resigned, and James B. Ur thank was elected to succeed him, having already had 7 years' connec tion with the college as professor, and with this year will close 7 year of continuous service as president of the institution. Allen Terrell wa again induced to accept the chair of mathematics, and Joseph Hadley was employed as professor of Latin and grammar. The enrollmen this year was 93. An effort had again been made to endow the institu tion, and $18,000 of the $25,000 proposed was reported subscribed, whic amount was reached before the next annual report, so that the institu tion has now an endowment of about $30,000.

During the year 1882-83 Emma R. Townsend was chosen to fill th vacancy caused by the resignation of Joseph Hadley, and Prof. Levi Edwards, A. B., of Harvard College, succeeded Allen Terrell, who ha again resigned, to the chair of mathematics. His original genius soo conceived the idea of the construction of a telescope, which long ha been needed, and the result was a magnificent 12-inch reflecting tele scope. Associated with him, and equal partners in the work, wer Reynold Janny and Milton J. Farquhar. A temporary observatory wa built, which has been replaced during the past year by a permanen substantial one, built from donations mainly secured through the effort of Alfred Brown, who for the past 2 years has acted as soliciting ageL for the institution. The enrollment this year was 117. During th year the physical laboratory was established. Prof. Reuben H. Hartle A. B., was added to the faculty, which had continued to consist of members.

The college year 1883–84 enrolled 124 members and was consider quite a prosperous year. The board of managers, reporting for t year 1884-85, says:

No year has ever passed over Wilmington College with results more satisfact to both teachers and pupils than the one just closed.

Number of students enrolled 99. Reuben H. Hadley resigned accept a call to another field of work and Prof. Isaac M. Cox, A.

of Iowa, was chosen to fill his place. The enrollment for 1885-86 was the same as the previous year. The year 1886-87 enrolled 156 stulents, the largest of any previous year, and in the annual report the managers say:

There has been a corresponding increase in the interest and enthusiasm with which the students have done their work. The cabinet has been increased, several volumes added to the library, and a well-equipped gymnasium has been fitted up. Much has been done by the energy and self-sacrifice of many persons whose names might very appropriately appear in this short sketch and without whose labor Wilmington College could not have been what it is to-day, some of whom still live and still work, while others have been called to rest from their labors.

Wilmington requires three, and sometimes four, regular studies, with not less than sixteen exercises per week for each student. Some students take more than this, but such work is voluntary and is never recommended unless it be in making up back work.

Wilmington is above the average as regards standards of admission in the natural sciences and English studies, about an average in mathematics, and somewhat below in the amount of Latin and Greek required for the classical freshman. This discrepancy is counterbalanced, however, by the fact that the classical studies are carried further up into the college classes. Many colleges finish Latin in the freshman and Greek in the sophomore year, while here these studies extend through the sophomore and senior years, respectively, so that an average amount of the classics is furnished, only it is further along in the course.

Wilmington has a main building devoted exclusively to study room, class rooms, and audience room, society halls, library, cabinet and gymnasium. The rooms in this building are large and well lighted, and are thus well adapted to their purposes. The observatory is a substantial brick structure, small, but furnishing ample room for the manipulation of the large reflecting telescope belonging to the institution. In chemistry and geology the laboratory and cabinet are furnished with appliances and specimens. The founders of Franklin College, members of the Christian Church, placed in the corner stone of the main building a copy of the Holy Scriptures as an emblem that the institution was to be broad-based upon the truth of God as revealed to man. By this they gave expression also to their purpose and desire that the institution should be a religious one, and that its power for good might be felt so long as it should endure.

When it passed into the possession of Friends its name was changed. to that of Wilmington College; but the faithful men and women into whose hands it came were so far from changing the basis which had been adopted that its original purpose was intensified rather than lesened.

[AUTHORITIES: The above sketch is condensed from a series of arti cles by different writers connected with the institution and published in the Wilmington Collegian May, 1888.]

XXIV.-MOUNT UNION COLLEGE.

(MOUNT UNION, STARK COUNTY.)

The institution had a provisional organization in 1846. Its distinctive plan from the first, which has been preserved, is set forth in its incorporated objects as follows:

To found for the people a cosmic college, where any person may economically obtain a thorough illustrative, integral instruction in any needed studies. To enable persons of either sex to take any general course; to make the college a voluntary, representative, patriotic, philanthropic, Christian, not sectarian, institution.

It was first organized as a small seminary by O. N. Hartshorn, with 6 students. The number increased till, in 1849, there were 68 enrolled. To provide for a pressing demand for special, thorough training for common-school teachers, a normal department was organized in 1850. The demand for qualified teachers increased, consequently the normal department grew rapidly.

This growth led to the erection of more commodious buildings, the addition of higher branches to the course of study, and an increased number of teachers and additional apparatus. In 1851 there were enrolled 211 different students.

It was chartered in 1858 under the name Mount Union College. The original foundation under which it was chartered was made by Prof. O. N. Hartshorn, embracing all the property previously used by, the institution. The college is located in the city of Alliance, Stark County, Ohio. The large central building was completed in 1864 at an estimated cost of $100,000, raised by a series of donations by many persons in the vicinity of Alliance.

The buildings are of two kinds, one for instruction, the other for boarding purposes. There is a ladies' hall and residence for the president. The property of the college is held perpetually in trust by a board of trustees.

An endowment of $100,000 is being raised, besides an alumni chair of $25,000.

There are three courses of study; the classical, the liberal literature and arts, and the philosophical. The degrees (except in liberal literature and arts of ladies' department) are conferred alike upon gentlemen and ladies as follows: Bachelor of arts, A. B, for classical; bachelor of philosophy, PH. B.; bachelor of science, B. S.; bachelor of commercial science, B. C. S.

For ladies, mistress of liberal arts, M. L. A. For course of English literature, M. E. L. Non-resident students may be admitted to graduation upon actual examination. Degrees of master of arts, master of science, doctor of philosophy, are conferred on those who have completed a post-graduate course of one year's study and passed a satisfactory examination.

The college has a preparatory department, normal department, music department, fine art department, business department. The spirit of the normal department so pervades the institution that 7,819 students, one-fourth of whom are ladies, have been employed one or more terms in teaching public schools in nearly every State in the Union, with an average attendance of 47 pupils, thus instructing 367,493 pupils. A new departure is the Biblical Department and Itinerant Club, the conception of Bishop John H. Vincent. The plan is to provide for a new professorship devoted to the study of the Bible. The Itinerant Club is especially for the young ministers of the annual conferences for the purpose of work in a 4-years' course of study prescribed by the General Conference. The number of graduates with the degree A. B. is 231, with PH. B. 166, with B. S. 114. Total graduations in all departments with both degrees and diplomas, 1,610. Expenses for tuition, $10 per term or $30 per year, with no incidentals.

President, Tamerlane Pliny Marsh. The first president was Rev. O. N. Hartshorn. The original incorporators were Rev. O. N. Hartshorn, I. O. Chapman, G. W. Clarke, E. N. Hartshorn, and R. R. Hilton.

XXV.-WILBERFORCE UNIVERSITY.

(NEAR XENIA, GREENE COUNTY.)

One of the most interesting developments of the great problem of negro education in the United States is to be found in the history of Wilberforce University, situated near Xenia, in Greene County. The object of this institution from the first has been to make the negro his own educator. Since 1863 it has been under the exclusive management of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Previous to that time it had been controlled by the general conference of the Methodist Church, which appointed the teachers, keeping in view the idea of selfeducation. The growth of this idea and the final results are well set forth in the following pages, condensed from a compilation by the president of the university, Samuel T. Mitchell:

There were two influences at work, the internal and the external. A crystallization of the internal forces at the Union Seminary in Franklin County, established by the colored people themselves, a crystallization of the external efforts in Greene County, show that two separate and distinct forces or agencies were at work, until finally we have them forming and uniting in a grand effort for race elevation, in Wilberforce University, under the control of the negro himself in the year of universal emancipation, 1863. The story as told by Bishop D. A. Payne, in an article sent to the Commissioner of Education, is substantially as follows:

WILBERFORCE UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

It was in one of the darkest periods of the nation's history when the Cincinnati conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, moved by the inspiration of Christian philanthrophy, appointed a committee of seven to consider and report a plan for the improvement of the intellectual and moral condition of the 30,000 colored people of Ohio, and those of other free States, by furnishing them such facilities of education as had been generally beyond their reach. This period was that between the passage of the fugitive slave bill and the breaking out of the civil war. The demon of slavery had reached the height of its power, and was preparing for its deadly struggle with the genius of liberty. "A Brief History of the Enterprise" was written by one of its chief actors, and is too interesting and important a leaf in the his

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