way, instructor in modern languages, and others. At the outbreak of the civil war in 1861 the attendance of students became so reduced as to require the suspension of the collegiate department, and the institu tion was conducted for a number of years in the form of an academy, with varying success. Among the teachers employed during this period besides Prof. Milo G. Williams, who rendered efficient service both in active teaching and in the general management of the institution, may be named Rev. Charles Hardon, Rev. George A. Smith, Mr. Julius Hawick, Mr. A. B. Farnham, Mr. James Dike, Mr. Alonzo Phelps, Miss Howells, Miss Farnham, and Miss Finney. The president of the institution during this period was the Rev. Chauncy Giles, who resided in Cincinnati and had only an indirect management of its concerns. Rev. Mr. Giles retired from the presidency in 1870, and is at present the pastor of a large and flourishing society of the New Church in Philadelphia. As his successor the trustees elected the Rev. Frank Sewall, in 1870, and took steps to reorganize the institution upon a collegiate basis, which it has ever since maintained. Associated with President Sewall at various times during the period of his service from 1870 to 1886, were Thos. Freeman Moses, professor of natural science; Hjalmar H. Boyesen, from the University of Christiania, Norway, instructor in Latin and Greek; Thos. French, jr., PH. D., professor of physics and chemistry; Philip B. Cabell, a graduate of the University of Virginia, professor of Greek and Latin; Jacob E. Werren, professor of modern languages; Wm. Pinckney Starke, professor of ancient languages; George W. Worcester, instructor in mathematics, and others. Of these, Professor Moses only remains connected with the institute, he having been elected to succeed the Rev. Frank Sewall as president. Mr. Boyesen was, after two year's service, elected to a professorship in Cornell Uni versity, and later to a chair in Columbia College, New York. Professor French was called to the University of Cincinnati as professor of physics. Professors Cabell and Werren were ordained as ministers in the New Church, and are at present preaching to societies, the former in Cleveland and the latter in Abington, Mass. Rev. Mr. Werren also fills the chair of ancient languages in the New Church Theological School at Cambridge, Mass. Professor Worcester accepted a position. in Mrs. Quincy Shaw's school in Boston, which he now holds. During Rev. Mr. Sewall's administration an effort was made to endow the college, and after a continuous and persevering effort the president was enabled to report to the trustees in 1878 that the sum of $50,000 had been subscribed and the greater part of it paid into the treasury. A statement of the payments and assets of the university was, by order of the board, published in that year, and it showed a total of property belonging to the college of $85,000, including lands, buildings, library, and permanent fund. Among the larger subscriptions to the endowment fund were those of Mr. A. L. Wentz, of Newburgh, N. Y., of $5,000; of Mrs. Leonore M. Gordon, of Norfolk, Va., widow of the late George

P. Gordon, of New York, inventor of the Gordon printing press, of $10,000, to be set aside for the endowment of the "Gordon professorship; " and of Joseph A. Barker, of Providence, R. I., of $15,000. The college possesses a museum of well selected mineralogical and geological specimens, and a library of some 5,000 volumes. The number of its graduates from its foundation bears but a small proportion to the number of students who have from time to time been in attendance during the 40 years of its existence. This has been largely owing to > the invariably high standard which has always been maintained in the granting of diplomas, the trustees and faculty being desirous that a degree conferred by them should signify as much as one conferred by the better class of colleges throughout the country. Less than fifty degrees in course and but three honorary degrees have been conferred in the history of the college.

The present faculty consists of Thos. Freeman Moses, A. M., M. D., president and professor of zoölogy and geology; John H. Williams, B. S., professor of physics and chemistry; Lewis F. Hite, instructor in Greek and Latin; E. W. Phillips, instructor in mathematics; Flora Williams, instructor in English literature and history; Sarah Alice Worcester, instructor in French and German; Mabel F. Mulliken, instructor in elocution and vocal music Matie Coffeen, teacher of grammar school.

XXVII.-BELMONT COLLEGE.

(COLLEGE HILL, HAMILTON COUNTY.)

[Sketch by Dr. P. V. N. MYERS, President of the College.]

Belmont (formerly Farmers') College is located at College Hill, Hamilton County, Ohio. This village is one of the suburbs of Cincinnati, and occupies as its site the highest point of land in the Miami country. The institution had its beginnings in a private school founded in 1833 by Freeman Grant Cary, esq., and was known for a time as "Pleasant Hill Academy." By the year 1845 Mr. Cary had invested in buildings and apparatus about $10,000, and the promising outlook for the school induced the friends of the movement to make an effort to enlarge the accommodations of the institution and to give it a more permanent and public character. To carry out this design an act of incorporation was secured and a board of directors organized in the winter of 1846-47, under the style of the "Farmers' College." Sufficient money was raised by subscription, in shares of $30 each, to purchase an eligible site, embracing 4 acres, and to construct thereon a substantial building 120 feet front by 48 deep and three stories high. Over 400 persons, mostly mechanics and farmers, were contributors to the capital stock. These subscribers were entitled to interest on their shares, payable in tuition. The academy was not merged into the college; it still remained the private property of Mr. Cary, to whom the board of directors intrusted the superintendence of instruction in the new institution.

In 1852 the institution entered upon the third era in its history. In order to secure an income sufficient to pay the salaries of the professors it was determined to raise an endowment fund of at least $100,000, through the issue of limited and perpetual scholarships (the perpetual scholarships, $100 each, to exempt the holder from the payment of tuition fees), and to convert the original stock into the same form, so that the college property should vest in the owners of perpetual scholarships, and the whole management of the institution be under their control. A general act of the legislature was procured under which all the requisite changes could be made. A formal meeting of the original stockholders was called on the 8th of May, 1852, and the property was formally transferred to the perpetual scholarship holders, and the capital stock increased to $150,000, exclusive of improvements, grounds, etc. One hundred thousand dollars was at once raised, Mr. Cary's academy property was conveyed to the corporation, and the

board assumed the entire control. A president and full corps of professors were now elected. The annual catalogue of the college for 1853 showed an attendance of 321 students. Thus in less than 20 years a private school of 4 pupils had grown into a college rivaling many of the older literary institutions of the country.

It was from the first the design of the founders of Farmers' College to connect with the institution an experimental farm for the promotion of scientific and practical agriculture and horticulture. One hundred thousand dollars was raised for this object, and by the year 1854 the department was fully organized under three appropriate professorships, with laboratories, libraries, etc., together with a model and experimental farm, where with to demonstrate and make practical the lessons of science the first complete institution of the kind organized in the United States. The department proved a failure, and about 15 years. after its organization the farm was sold, and the proceeds of the sale were turned into the general endowment fund of the college.

The prosperity of the college was undermined by the civil war, and the sessions were suspended from 1870 to 1873.

In the year 1884 the directors of the institution, in accordance with a request made by the holders of the certificates of perpetual scholarships, secured by petition to the court of common pleas of Hamilton County, Ohio, a change of name from "Farmers' College" to Belmont. College. The institution at present rests on the scholarship basis, but an effort is being made, by a voluntary exchange of the certificates of perpetual scholarship for certificates of limited duration, to place it upon a regular endowment foundation.

The endowment fund at present amounts to about $60,000, which is safely invested. The sources of income, which amounts to about $5,000, are the interest on this sum and the incidental fees collected from students. The value of the grounds, building, etc., is about $20,000. There are three libraries connected with the institution, which contain an aggregate of over 2,000 volumes of standard literature. Two literary societies are maintained by the students-one by the young men and one by the young ladies, coeducation having prevailed in the institution since the year 1873.

In 1888 the college classes were temporarily suspended, and 2 years added to the preparatory courses.

The object of this movement was to raise the grade of the college classes by 2 full years, it being the intention of the faculty and directors to resume the collegiate work upon the higher plane thus reached, within a year or two.

At present the instruction embraces three courses of study—all preparatory-a classical, a Latin scientific, and an English course. The faculty consists of a president and 5 professors and teachers.

XXVIII.—CALVIN COLLEGE.

(BROOKLYN VILLAGE, CUYAHOGA COUNTY.)

Calvin College was founded in 1866 by H. J. Ruetenik, then serving a German congregation of the Reformed Church. That church had no institution of learning and took little interest in higher education; therefore the school was started as a personal enterprise. About $600 were collected in Germany by the founder, $500 of which was made a first payment on 55 acres of land in Brooklyn Village, bordering on the city limits. An academy was started and taught by H. Woldman. The school made slow progress. The church took but little interest in it, and instruction being exclusively in German, all non German speaking students were excluded.

It was found necessary to introduce instruction in English into the lower classes, and by studying American methods of government it was found expedient to adopt more lenient methods than were practiced in the German gymnasium. In order to carry out the original plan of giving all students a thorough knowledge of German, Latin and Greek had to be curtailed. The college now has a 6 years' course.

The first year includes English, German, arithmetic, history, and physiology; second year, algebra, natural science, German, and general history; third year, Latin, geometry, and other studies continued; fourth year, mathemetics completed, other studies continued, and Greek begun; fifth year, philosophical studies begun, history completed; sixth year, moral philosophy begun, and English and German literatures studied. The college charter was granted in 1883, the school having become the property of the Central Synod in 1882. There are always twenty or thirty beneficiary students, who have board and tuition free, and for whom $2,000 or $3,000 are annually contributed by individuals and churches. One-half of these students come directly from Germany, sent by reformed associations to be prepared for the ministry, to work among the Germans in America, English and German being both necessary for such workers.

Commercial and musical departments were added in 1887. A college of pharmacy, which has been conducted in Cleveland for 3 years, is now entering into close union with Calvin College. The college has no endowment, but holds real estate to the amount of $20,000. The library contains 2,000 volumes. The faculty consists of three regular and three extra professors, assisted by five tutors. The Reformed Church has a publishing house, worth $75,000, in close proximity to the college.