sors have gone to Mexico to search for a rare species of moss which grows near the craters of extinct volcanoes. They hope to make important botanical discoveries, and will devote thirty days to their research of the country in the vicinity of Jalapa. The professors are T. C. Chamberlain, C. R. Barnes, and W. J. G. Land. The expedition is financed by the Botanical Society of America and by the following railroads: Missouri Pacific, Texas Pacific, International and Great Northern, and the International Railway Company of Mexico.

Rev. Dr. William R. Wilson, pastor of the First United Presbyterian Church of Carnegie, has been elected to the chair of homiletics and pastoral theology at the Allegheny Theological Seminary of the United Presbyterian denomination.

Rev. Dr. Wilson has been in the ministry 17 years. He is one of the most prominent members of the Monogahela presbytery and his election meets with universal approval. He was born at Fair Haven, O., was graduated at Washington-Jefferson College in the class of '86, and the Allegheny Seminary in '89. He

Bloomsburg State Normal School, has been elected vice president and financial agent of the college, and also registrar.

Professor C. Larsen, formerly associate professor in the dairy department of the Iowa State College, at Ames, Iowa, will have charge of that department in the Agricultural College of Utah at Logan this year.

Professor Larsen came to America from Denmark fifteen years ago, going to Iowa where he secured work. A few years later he entered the Iowa college. Before finishing his course at the college he had become instructor in the laboratory of the dairy department and upon graduating in 1902 was made a regular instructor. From this position he worked up until the title of associate professor was earned.

Professor Larsen went to Massachusetts in 1901, where he was appointed instructor in a special class in dairy work. at the Amherst Agricultural College. He is joint author with Professor G. L. McKay of a text book entitled, "Principles of Butter Making." He is a contributor to the Pacafic Dairy Review, Chicago Dairy Produce and New York Produce Review.

Dr. E. T. Reed, former president of Buena Vista College, Storm Lake, Iowa, has been elected president of Lenox Coliege, Hopkinton, Iowa. Dr. Reed is a graduate of Parsons College, Iowa, and of McCormick Theological Seminary, graduating from the latter in 1888.

Dr. James Wallace, president of MacAlester College, St. Paul, Minn., has accepted an offer to teach Greek new testament temporarily at the W. W. White Bible School at Montclare, N. J.

The trustees of the Rhodes scholarship fund of London, Eng., have requested Dr. Edmund J. James, president of the University of Illinois, to act as chairman of the committee of the Rhodes scholarship trust for the State of Illi

nois. Dr. James has been much interested in the work of the trust and has endeavored to interest colleges and universities in the ideas which underlie the gift of Cecil Rhodes. He will do all he can to acquaint the college men of Illinois. with the opportunities offered by these scholarships.

Professor Lowell B. Judson has accepted the position of assistant professor of horticulture at Cornell University,

New York.

Professor Judson is a native of Lansing, Mich., born in 1877. He remained in the schools of Lansing until he had completed the eighth grade. His preparatory work was taken at Olivet College, Michigan, a Congregational school. For two years he was at Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill., going thence to Harvard, where he was graduated in the full course in two years, receiving his diploma in 1900, with the degree of A. B.

In January, 1903, he was elected professor of horticulture in the University of Idaho, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Prof. F. B. Huntley, now state horticultural inspector for Washington.

The Rev. N. P. Simonsen of Waupaca, Wis., has been elected president of the Luther College Association, conducting Luther College in Racine, Wis. The College Association was organized but a few years ago by ministers and members of Danish Lutheran churches of the Northwest and has met with marked

success.

Dr. Franklin B. Gault, formerly president of Whitworth College, Tacoma, Wash., has been elected president of the University of South Dakota.

Dr. Lillian Wyckoff Johnson because of insomnia has resigned the presidency of the Western College for Women at Oxford, Ohio. Dr. Johnson is well known as an educator. She has studied in the University of Michigan, at Cornell, in the Sorbonne at Paris and in

The college season is again approaching and the annual exodus of young men and young women to the schools of higher learning will soon begin. In many households the time worn question, "Does a college education pay?" has become a new and vital one. It has It has been asked and answered many times by many different men and from many different points of view, each time to be repeated with the returning fall, when, at the family council, it is debated whether or not to send Henry to college.

Each individual case wil be settled according to the circumstances which surround that particular case, and the decision will be governed in part by what the people concerned consider adequate "pay," what the object of the education may be and a thousand and one matters pertinent to the young man in question. In his case it may be primarily one of ability to meet the expense. No attempt can or would be made by anyone else to decide the matter for him, but when the question becomes an abstract proposition and is considered in its relation to social economy, it is a subject for universal consideration.

Thorough business men are sometimes disposed to make sport of the young college graduate's self-conceit and lack of practical business knowledge. Leading educators, on the other hand, make a strong showing, backed by statistics and corroborating detail, to prove that a college education is the best foundation in all the work of life. The subject has been discussed, probably, since men of education first left the cloisters and went out into the world.

"President Nicholas Murray Butler, of Columbia University, presents this brief for the college man:

"No doubt there are many who believe a college education is a hindrance to the necessary business wisdom of the age. There are merchants down town who will tell you how they started at

ten or fourteen to sweep out the office and rose by virtues and industry to become members of the firm. This is true. But you follow the career of the office boy who began his utilitarian studies with a broom, and the college boy who began with his books, and you will find that when the office boy reaches thirty he is still an employee, whereas the college graduate is probably at the age his employer.

"Statistics show that out of 10,000 successful men in the world, taken in all classes of life, 8,000 are college graduates. Look at the tremendous increase of educational effort all over the United States in the last few years. Why, I have parents come to me with tears in their eyes and ask me to tell them how they can get their boys through college with only the small sum of money they can afford to do it with. Even your self-made man isn't satisfied unless his son can go to college."

One answer to the question as to whether a college education pays is to point to the ever-increasing number of colleges and their larger matriculation lists each year. Evidently people in the majority of cases believe it does pay or the colleges would cease to show growth and prosperity as they do. The hankering after adornment on the part of those who go to college for adornment only would not sustain the showing made in this respect. While only a comparatively small per cent. of the high school graduates go to college, it is unfair to hold this up as an indication that only a small per cent. of them believe a college education pays. It is too often a matter of dollars and cents, where the spirit is only too willing but the purse is weak.

Another answer is to point to the career of those who have had the col lege training, and here the evidence is not so clear, inasmuch as it all depends upon what the college man chooses for

his life work and whether the training he has received is of assistance to him in his chosen field. In the professions In the professions it is agreed that the college training is essential, but in business there is still a wide divergence of opinion as to its real value, many men of equally successful experience holding diametrically opposed views. By the majority, however, it seems to be the opinion that an education is a good thing, even in business, and it is admitted by those who don't consider it essential, that it doesn't at most, do any harm.

It is to be noted that in all of these views the matter is looked upon almost entirely as to its bearing on the earning capacity of the individual and nothing is said as to the effect on his happiness or on society at large. It is evidently taken for granted that the principal object in life is to get rich or at least to lay by a competence.

If education in itself is considered essential, and of vital importance to the stability of government and the general uplifting of the race, it ought to follow that the higher the standard of intelli

gence among the people the higher their civilization and the higher the moral tone of the community. The answer to the question then becomes simple.

The argument often advanced by those who do not espouse the cause of the college on the ground that it makes people discontented, deserves a good deal of censure. It assumes that a condition of ignorance and subdued ambition is best for the majority. That is the Russian autocracy's idea. It ignores that discontent is the lever of the world's progress; that the discontent which follows a realization of all the possibilities that lie within range of human power is a healthy discontent and is the potent factor in every step toward that pinnacle of perfection which man hopes some day to attain.

So far as it may affect the individual and through him society in general an affirmative answer seems to be the only logical one that can be given. If one can afford it, then, by all means go to college. If not for your own sake then for the sake of that duty which you owe to your country and to the world.

3. And finally Realism is used as opposed to the unusual, the extraordinary and imaginative. Instead of setting forth events and characters which are exceedingly common and of ordinary occurrence, the Romanticist seeks for that which is unusual and uncommon. This tendency the Realist combats, and holds that literature, in all its forms, but especially in that of fiction, should unceasingly "hold the minor up to nature."

Such, in brief, are the current interpretations put on the work, and it is therefore necessary in discussing this subject to have the terms strictly defined.

Now there are certain standing criticisms of Realism, and critics of great repute have ardently taken sides for and against it. Perhaps the keenest opponent of the school, the one who has most concisely and aptly stated the ob